kiyoumars zarafshani; amir hossein ali baygi; mojgan faghiri
Abstract
Empowering rural women is one of the third millennium goals. To this end it was proposed to allot micro credits to rural women in order to provide the required capital to launch productive careers. Now after a decade from the establishment of micro credit funds in Iran, only few researches have been ...
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Empowering rural women is one of the third millennium goals. To this end it was proposed to allot micro credits to rural women in order to provide the required capital to launch productive careers. Now after a decade from the establishment of micro credit funds in Iran, only few researches have been done to give a rank to them. The present research is conducted through survey method to rank micro credit funds based on empowering rural women of Kermanshah using Bartlett table and systematic random sampling for which 183 women members of this fund were selected. The ranking results show that from economic aspect: Fash (Kangavar), Tamarg, Pariveh (Mersin) have achieved the places first to third, in terms of empowering women goals. From social aspect: Fash, Pariveh and Gheitas Abad were placed first to third. From family aspect: members of Fash Fund, Pariveh, and Kooseh vand were ranked first to third. According to the results, since the authorities of the funds can play a key role in the success of funds it is recommended to the Office for Rural Women’s Affairs that the authorities of funds are selected based on the votes of the members and criteria like: education, age, etc.
Mansour Ghanian; Mojtaba Ghadiri Masoum; Seyed Hassan Motiee Langroodi; Kiumars Zarafshani
Volume 8, Issue 3 , October 2010
Abstract
Countries around the world are finding rural tourism as an alternative to sustainable development. This line of thinking requires a more diversified economy, enhanced human resource criteria, reduced rural migration, enhanced efficiency in human resources, job creation, cultural interaction, and environmental ...
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Countries around the world are finding rural tourism as an alternative to sustainable development. This line of thinking requires a more diversified economy, enhanced human resource criteria, reduced rural migration, enhanced efficiency in human resources, job creation, cultural interaction, and environmental conservation. In addition, farm families are seeking more diversified form of production in order to survive the competitive world in agriculture. Environmental stress, reduced government support, climate change, and higher living expenses coupled with demand for better life quality are the motivational factors influencing farm families’ desire for multi-functional agriculture. Undoubtedly, women are the key players in rural development. However, their role is not as effective as their male counterparts. This is more visible in traditional society where women are more marginalized and excluded in rural development interventions. This gender differentiation has caused rural women to be excluded in many rural development interventions. This study aims to investigate the perception of local villagers of different gender groups in terms of acceptance of tourists in their village. Moreover, the present study determines the level of participation among local villages (men and women) in tourism activities and how this level of participation differs across gender. Finally, the present study focuses on motivation of local people in engaging in tourism activities and how this motivation has changed their social role. For the mentioned purposes, the study uses a mixed method design (a survey method and a case study) which includes structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview. In the qualitative part of the study, 19 people are interviewed using semi-structure format. In the quantitative part, 134 men and women residing in Oraman village located in Sarvabad town of Kurdistan province respond to the questionnaire. Results reveal that men and women hold different perceptions in terms of having tourists in their communities; motivation towards participating in tourism activities, and changing social role of women in the development of rural tourism. Moreover, an indigenous structure in rural tourism seems to be emerging as an entrepreneurial tourism. The result of this study has implications for Travel and Tourism Organization. First of all, tourist attraction can be made easier with rural women playing a major role. Their non-economic intentions as compared to men make them a valuable resource in attracting more tourists in their area. Men on the other hand, can be given state-support in setting up a business venture. This would in turn motivate local villagers in seeking more entrepreneurial ventures.