Sociology
Ahmad Bokharaie; Malakeh Rafie
Abstract
The move toward modernism along with the cultural globalization and the rise of consumer culture makes fashionism and also permanent surveillance and focusing on the visible characteristics of the body a common phenomenon in contemporary societies.Nowadays, modern people with the use of fashionable things ...
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The move toward modernism along with the cultural globalization and the rise of consumer culture makes fashionism and also permanent surveillance and focusing on the visible characteristics of the body a common phenomenon in contemporary societies.Nowadays, modern people with the use of fashionable things and through paying extreme attention to cloth and appearance construct personal images of themselves and also send messages about their identities to others. The present research focusing on styles of clothing and women's attitudes toward fashion aims to explain causes and motivations leads women to use fashionable clothes and also attempts to identify their typology. The research method is qualitative and its data has been collected by semi-structured interviews. The results of data analysis display three distinct types of women's clothing, each of which has different characteristics. Of course, this division does not mean exact bordering, and one have mutual relationship. The findings show that women's increased tendency for using fashionable clothes should be assessed mostly in relation to both subjective and objective factors as well as the dialectic relationship of agency and structure.
Political sciences
Mahmoudreza Rahbarghazi; Leyla Radi; Ayoub Limoochi
Abstract
Classic political sociology dogmatically considers women, from a political perspective, more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. But new research indicates that in ...
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Classic political sociology dogmatically considers women, from a political perspective, more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. But new research indicates that in developed countries during 1980’s, women gradually distanced from traditional conservatism and joined democratic groups. In addition, Inglehart’s studies indicate that since 1990’s, not only have conservatism and right-wing tendencies faded in women, but also they support plans and objectives of new left-wing parties which are mostly based on cultural values of post-materialism more than ever. As a results, it seems that the effect of gender gaps has been reconfigured mostly in three models of traditional gap, convergence, and revisionism. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the comparison between men’s and women’s political attitudes among 596 students of University of Isfahan in 2016. Accordingly, analyzing the results of the research indicated that firstly, there is no significant difference among men and women in terms of the degree of their tendencies towards democracy and each group supports democratic attitudes to the same extent. Therefore, the claim of hypotheses of classic models about women’s tendencies towards conservatism is rejected in political domains. Secondly, findings also indicated that the degree of tendency towards post-materialist values which construct foundations of New Leftist parties according to Inglehart, is significantly higher among women than men. This issue indicates tha not only have women distanced from rightist attitudes in political domains, but also they have more tendency towards leftist plans based on revisionist models.
Women's Studies
Ali Hossein Hosseinzadeh; Marziyeh Shahryari; Maryam Farji Behbahanizadeh
Abstract
In the family, women can benefit from the newest information and knowledge on various life subjects and use them to train other members of the family; they can also use the knowledge to replce new and optimal beliefs with the false ones thereby oncreasing the soci-cultural level of the family more than ...
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In the family, women can benefit from the newest information and knowledge on various life subjects and use them to train other members of the family; they can also use the knowledge to replce new and optimal beliefs with the false ones thereby oncreasing the soci-cultural level of the family more than before. In this study, family economic efficiency including women's participation in household income, modifying consumption behaviors, women’s control over family consumption, maternal affection to create economic discipline and training children about the right economic behavior such as division of labor and roles in the family, has been examined. To identify the components listed above, the theories of resources, power, empowerment and system theory have been used. The method of this study is the survey data, using structured questionnaires obtained from a sample of 200 married women in Ahwaz city. Multi-stage stratified sampling has been used. Results show that variables such as women's participation in household income, modifying consumption behaviors, women’s control over family consumption, maternal affection to create economic discipline and training children about the right economic behavior has a positive relationship with dependent variable of economic efficiency Based on the results obtained from multiple regression analysis, women's participation in the cost of a family's income and modification of consumption behaviors are the most important factors of economic productivity, and presented a coefficient of determination of 0.39 to explain the chnages of family economic efficiency.
economics
Vahid Mehrbani
Abstract
Conventional economic theory neglects home production and provides services within household because what is produced and consumed within households has not economic value and hence does not enter the national accounts. The main reason of such ignorance is that the home products are not transmitted from ...
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Conventional economic theory neglects home production and provides services within household because what is produced and consumed within households has not economic value and hence does not enter the national accounts. The main reason of such ignorance is that the home products are not transmitted from market. The history of this viewpoint dates back to the advent of industrialization into the capitalism. Family is a framework for preparation of many worthy commodities in which welfare of individuals is determined while women attend the core of this process. Some economists in the second half of the twentieth century attempted to incorporate housework into the neoclassical theory of labor-leisure choice. Accordingly, this paper also presents an alternative model to analyze such valuable activity called "housework" in which characteristics of Iranian family is more compatible including evident implications. The model leads to a supply function of housework that represents the housework as a negative function of female's wage rate and a positive function of husband's wage and the wife's share from husband's earnings. The method of research is gathering data of married women and analyzing evidence according to econometric equations. These data have been gathered by questionnaire. The housework supply function has been estimated by using a sample that includes 409 married women who reside in Tehran and are at least 35 years old. The estimation is based on logistic distribution function and Maximum Likelihood method. Results suggest that earnings, education, employment and age of women besides family income and marriage duration have negative effect on housework but number of children shows positive impact. As a whole, factors that make market opportunities more attractive tend to lessen the time devoted to housework and vice versa.
Management
Saeed Farahbakhsh; Iraj Nikpey; Razieh Ghanbari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the glass ceiling on women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state with moderating of their self-concept variable. The population of this cross-correlation study included all women employees of administrative province ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the glass ceiling on women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state with moderating of their self-concept variable. The population of this cross-correlation study included all women employees of administrative province units of Lorestan state. Using stratified sampling, and based on Morgan table, 306 persons were selected as samples. Instruments used in this study include a questionnaire of glass ceiling of Babaie Zklyky (1385), creativity questionnaire of Moghimi and Ramezan (1390) and Self-Concept Questionnaire of California (1986). For data analysis, structural equation test was utilized with benefit of PLS Software. The results showed that the glass ceiling is effective on women creative ideas and there is negative correlation between these two variables. Also the results of structural equation test showed that self-concept variable in correlation with glass ceiling plays moderating role in women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state.
Zeinab Kavehfirouz; Bizhan Zare; Hossein Shamsedini
Abstract
Iran in recent decades with the steep fall in fertility is facing a demographic issue. According to the movement of Iranian society towards modernity as a result of lifestyle changes, the big question raised in the present research is that ”what lifestyle changes can affect reproductive attitudes ...
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Iran in recent decades with the steep fall in fertility is facing a demographic issue. According to the movement of Iranian society towards modernity as a result of lifestyle changes, the big question raised in the present research is that ”what lifestyle changes can affect reproductive attitudes of activists?” This study was designed aiming at investigating the attitudes toward childbearing, with an emphasis on lifestyle factors among women who want to get married referring to health care networks in Tehran. Using survey methods and techniques, 384 women in Tehran were studied. According to the results we can say that 83.3 percent of pre-marriage women have average and poor attitude toward childbearing and its functions. The lifestyle and its constituent components (body management, free time, cultural consumption and socioeconomic status) have a significant relationship with attitudes toward childbearing, and 32% of the change in attitudes toward childbearing is explained by the independent variable. Also, among the aspects of lifestyle, socio-economic status has the highest impact on the dependent variable. In other words, the mentioned variable, in addition to the direct effect on women's attitudes toward childbearing in Tehran, also influence all aspects of lifestyle, and cultural consumption variable, in addition to the immediate effect on women's attitudes, is influenced by the other dimensions of lifestyle. After socioeconomic status, body management affects women's attitudes toward childbearing.
Sociology
Hossein Afrasiabi; Roghayeh Dehghani Daramroud
Abstract
Lack of intimacy and emotional disconnection became a main challenge in contemporary family that can be interpreted and perceived differently from variant viewpoints. The current study aimed to explore the context and women’s way of dealing by emotional separation through investigation of perception ...
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Lack of intimacy and emotional disconnection became a main challenge in contemporary family that can be interpreted and perceived differently from variant viewpoints. The current study aimed to explore the context and women’s way of dealing by emotional separation through investigation of perception and subjective meaning of women involved in this process. Research was done in qualitative approach using grounded theory design. Sample included 33 women of city of Yazd- Iran that were variant according to age, education, marriage duration and spouse age difference. Participants were selected by purpose ful sampling method and participated in semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed by theoretical coding method. The analysis results showed that women participants perceived emotional divorce as communication-support shortage. The context of emotional divorce process started before marriage in abnormal family sphere and continued by risky marriage. Disloyalty, regression and risky media usage after marriage are important themes for emotional separation. Women react to and deal with emotional separation by some adaptive and deconstructive interactions. Finally, research theoretical model was obtained from these themes and categories.
Women's Studies
Amir Rastegar Khaled
Abstract
Attitude toward motherhood among societies has changed over time and fertility rates have decreased. Mothering and motherhood are rapidly expanding subjects of the literature of the context. A set of these studies has a more macro focus in terms of origins of motherhood and how it is manifested in practice. ...
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Attitude toward motherhood among societies has changed over time and fertility rates have decreased. Mothering and motherhood are rapidly expanding subjects of the literature of the context. A set of these studies has a more macro focus in terms of origins of motherhood and how it is manifested in practice. In the current research, based on Parson's general theory of action (A.G.I.L), motherhood is conceptualized as a kind of action system. In light of this theory, motherhood has four main dimensions: biological, psychological, social and cultural. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of women's religiousness on their motherhood attitudes. This study explores how aspects and type of religiousness are related to attitude toward motherhood. Random sampling method was used and 384 women were selected from city of Tehran. The factors explaining the connection between religiousness and motherhood are also examined. Multiple measures of religiousness and motherhood are considered in multivariate regression models. The results indicate that religious women have more traditional or positive attitudes toward motherhood.
Alireza Dehghan Niri; Atefe Aghaie; Mohaddese Ziachi
Abstract
The current paper aims to study pregnant women’s usage of cyber space as a muted group. This is a qualitative research which has been done using grounded theory method and interview technique. We interviewed a number of pregnant women who had visited some websites related to pregnancy issues, during ...
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The current paper aims to study pregnant women’s usage of cyber space as a muted group. This is a qualitative research which has been done using grounded theory method and interview technique. We interviewed a number of pregnant women who had visited some websites related to pregnancy issues, during fall and winter of 1394. The interviewees were 16 pregnant women and we met them in a hospital located in Saadatabad in Tehran. Our results show that women can overcome gender-based limitations using special websites concerning pregnancy issues, and remark their issues and problems related to pregnancy freely and clearly. Moreover, they have been able to play a more active and participative role in getting medical care during pregnancy in general and in their relation with physicians in particular.
Political sciences
Mahhmoodreza Rahbarghazi; Hossein Masoudnia; zahra Sadeghi Naghdali
Abstract
Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s ...
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Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s degree of conservatism has degreased. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the existence or inexistence of such differences among groups of women and men in the studied population. To do so, the research population includes all students of universities of in Isfahan City. From among them, 914 participants were selected using the cluster sampling method. The results of this research indicate that women in cultural and political domains are more conservative than men. But in economic issues, men supported free markets and privatizing the economy more than women. This issue indicates that women have less economic conservative tendencies than men. In addition, investigating findings more closely show that the effect size between the gender variable and conservative components are moderate only in terms of cultural conservatism, and in the rest of hypotheses, the effect size was small. Therefore, it can be concluded that except for cultural domains in which there are relatively profound gaps among men and women, in other domains of the society, these gender gaps have been relatively degreasing and fading.
Ahmad Naderi; Ali Ghashami
Abstract
Women as half of human societies have different roles in different areas of social life. So content analysis of the media is necessary in the about of women. This study uses two methods: content analysis and semiotics. So content analyzed a statistical week from the first six months of 1393 Kayhan, Iran ...
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Women as half of human societies have different roles in different areas of social life. So content analysis of the media is necessary in the about of women. This study uses two methods: content analysis and semiotics. So content analyzed a statistical week from the first six months of 1393 Kayhan, Iran and Shargh Newspapers. Then by using semiotics, printed images of women in these newspapers were analyzed. Number of Iran Newspaper writings was about one and half. The newspaper press releases about one and a half equal Shargh Newspaper writings. The number of Shargh Newspaper writings was twice equal of the Keyhan Newspaper. Iran Newspaper in front-page headlines and photographs of the position of women is better than the two other daily newspapers. In semiotics of women, representation of Iranian women in comparison with foreign women is not suitable and in front page and internal pages images of Iran Newspaper, reflection of foreign women were better than Iranian women. Of course, we can be considered the approach of Shargh Newspaper in intermediate in which images of foreign and Iranian women have been reflected suitable. Anyway, images of Iranian womens in Shargh were better than other two daily newspapers.
Sociology
Sattar Parvin; Ayoub Eslamian
Abstract
This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research ...
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This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research findings indicate that these women have experienced exclusion. Also, the results show that social exclusion occurs in women with AIDS in the seven fields as Aids panic, exclusion in social relation, economic exclusion, exclusion of support network, symbolic exclusion, exclusion from the health and spatial exclusion.
Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi Nasrabad; Hasan Saraei
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in value of children between the 1960s, 1970s, after 1980 birth cohort, and identifying the factors affecting. The data for this study are drawn from a survey in Semnan province in 2012. Information is related to 405 married women aged 15-49 ...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in value of children between the 1960s, 1970s, after 1980 birth cohort, and identifying the factors affecting. The data for this study are drawn from a survey in Semnan province in 2012. Information is related to 405 married women aged 15-49 years. The result shows that the highest score of the children value belonged to the 1960 birth cohort. Protect, emotional and family continuity value in childbearing are characteristics of this cohort. In contrast, emphasis on the economic costs and lost opportunity costs, emotional and psychological benefits to children are characteristics of the 1980 birth cohorts. Based on this study, in line with the socio- economical changes, significant changes in childbearing attitude have emerged in three cohorts. Nevertheless, the 1960 birth cohort more than any other generation produces modern childbearing values and behaviors gives great importance to childbearing and because of the emotional value of children, one of the goals of younger cohort is childbearing. Multiple classification analysis showed that by controlling the effect of factors related to modernization and individual characteristics of respondents, the mean score of value of children within cohort changes. A more percent of the differences between the cohorts are affected by education variable. After entering these variables are considerably reduced the intensity of relationship between value of children and birth cohort. But, the differences in the value of children in three cohorts are still significant.
Women's Studies
Hossein Athari; Abolghasem Shahriyari
Abstract
Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political ...
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Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political participation rate. Since half of the Iranian world consists of women, a survey on the factors affecting their political participation can make us understand how and why the political participation is done and reveal the solutions to increase women’s participation. The purpose of this paper which has been done through survey-research method is to consider the factors that affect the political participation of women in Booshehr. The sample size is comprised of 350 persons who have been selected by cluster sampling (urban areas) and random sampling. The obtained results show that women in Booshehr have either mass or observational participation. The equation obtained by regression shows that the variable of political awareness has the most effect on increasing women’s political participation. After that, variables of being religious, educational level, feeling of powerlessness, social rank, feeling of political efficacy, and membership in communities have the most effect on women’s political participation. Among these variables, the variable of political powerlessness has negative effects on political participation.
Sociology
Nader Razeghi; Heydar Janalizadeh; Mehdi Alizadeh
Abstract
Recently, gender differences in scientific production has increasingly been focused on by science sociologists. Awareness of scientific priorities, technology and human resources based on gender is one of the determining factors for science policy making and the success of plans. The present study aimed ...
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Recently, gender differences in scientific production has increasingly been focused on by science sociologists. Awareness of scientific priorities, technology and human resources based on gender is one of the determining factors for science policy making and the success of plans. The present study aimed to examine the status and quota of women in academic departments and social science research journals. Quantitative method and secondary analysis were used in this study. To this end, from the archive of 18 journals from 2009 to 2013, 89 journals were selected for analysis i.e. one journal was randomly selected from each year. The results showed that, from among the examined journals, 22% of women (4 journals) were directors, and 28% (8 journals) were chief editors. Out of a total of 224 members of editorial board, women comprised 21% i.e. 47 women members. Out of a total of 685 articles published in the selected journals, 19% of women were first authors and 23% were second authors. 4% of the articles were single-authored and 6.7% were co-authored by women. In other words, the number of articles written by women only (whether single-authored or co-authored) included almost 11% of the articles (i.e. 75 articles). In general, women had a decisive role in the production of knowledge and ideas i.e. equivalent to 42% of the articles published despite their little presence in the areas mentioned above. The results indicate gender inequality in academic departments and social science research journals and inadequate policy-making within the science institution in this area.
Sociology
Abdol Hosein Kalantari; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Sedigheh Rezaniya
Abstract
Although temporary marriage is a form of legitimate marriages in conformity with legal and religious institutions of the Iranian society, in this study it has been considered as a social tradition and customary recitation of a religious order. In this study, the perception of respondents about the conditions ...
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Although temporary marriage is a form of legitimate marriages in conformity with legal and religious institutions of the Iranian society, in this study it has been considered as a social tradition and customary recitation of a religious order. In this study, the perception of respondents about the conditions and motives that lead to temporary marriage has been investigated. Qualitative method and emic approach have been applied for this aim. Data is collected through depth interviews with 26 women who reside in the city of Tehran (whether they have practiced mut'a or not). Concluding points of depth interviews revealed that "social strain", "religious facilitation", "cultural strain", "a feeling of essential need", "deficiency of marital interaction", "lack of opportunity for permanent marriage", "escape from permanent marriage and its commitments”, “relative preference of temporary marriage over illegal relationship” and preparation of the stage for permanent marriage are conditions which affect the temporary marriage for women. It should be mentioned that the results of this study are largely exploratory and do not attempt to generalize in any way, due to the small sample size.
Women's Studies
Mohammad Hassan Seif; Mitra Yadegar
Abstract
Burnout syndrome includes aspects of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrement of personal accomplishment to which staffs vulnerable to because of their exposure to physical and psychological stressors. The necessity of this research is related to inadequate research on women. The current ...
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Burnout syndrome includes aspects of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrement of personal accomplishment to which staffs vulnerable to because of their exposure to physical and psychological stressors. The necessity of this research is related to inadequate research on women. The current research aims to explain burnout of working women with an emphasis on the role of organizational and psychological variables in Technical & Vocational and Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The research was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational method. The population includes all women employed at technical and vocational & Islamic Azad university of Shiraz (N=225). According to the Cochran formula, the sample size was 143 women who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data was collected using Maslach burnout inventory, Allen and Meyer`s organizational commitment questionnaire, Lu et al role- conflict and ambiguity questionnaire, Colquitt’s organizational justice questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive-statistic method that includes Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results show that justice and organizational commitment through role conflict and ambiguity mediation have indirect and negative effect on burnout. The results showed that organizational commitment has both direct and indirect effect on burnout via the mediation of role conflict and role ambiguity. Organizational justice has also both direct and indirect effect on burnout via the mediation of role conflict and role ambiguity. Role conflict and role ambiguity have shown to have direct effect on burnout. According to the fitted indices, the final model of the study has a relatively good fit.
Women's Studies
Omid Ghaderzade; Sara Khazaie
Abstract
This research seeks to explore and examine the semantic implications women's sense of insecurity in public spaces city of social interpretationism approach. In this study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and GT is used to analyze the data. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, ...
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This research seeks to explore and examine the semantic implications women's sense of insecurity in public spaces city of social interpretationism approach. In this study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and GT is used to analyze the data. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, 27 women were interviewed. Finally, collected data were analyzed and coded in the form of 10 key categories and a core category. Data analysis and modeling paradigm suggests sexual harrament, afraid of defamation and gender socialization as causal conditions, coded gendered space as a field, Objection body women interferor conditions accepting women as corporately. Corporations by being mentioned in terms of interactions, such as concealment. The evasion moved to adopt believes it has stirred fear and social isolation.
Zeinab Kavefirooz; Shahla Kazemipoor; Morteza Ranjbar
Abstract
The main goal of this study is the effectiveness evaluation of socio-demographic variables on increasing marriage age of working female students in University of Tehran. Using statistical method and questionnaire technique, 387 married female students have been participated in this study by cluster-sampling ...
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The main goal of this study is the effectiveness evaluation of socio-demographic variables on increasing marriage age of working female students in University of Tehran. Using statistical method and questionnaire technique, 387 married female students have been participated in this study by cluster-sampling method. The explanatory variables of female students increase marriage age are: educational level, their place of origin, degree of development in their province of origin, differences in attitude on marriage between them and their parents, their socio-economic expectations, the availability of media and social tools in their place of origin, the easiness of relationship between males and females in their place of origin, partner selection methods on their place of origin and the socio-economic status of parents. Regression model analyze indicated that evaluated socio demographic factors explain about 33pesent of punctuation of marriage age. Using regression analysis and path analyses shows that the overall variable effects (direct and indirect) of availability of media and social tools by 0.435 Beta is greater than other variables. After this variable, the attitude differences of students and their parents and social expectations had important effect on age of marriage. But economical expectations and the socio-economic status of parents have a little role in marriage age.
Women's Studies
Bijan Khajehnoori; Maryam Karimi; Saeed Keshavarzi
Abstract
Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In ...
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Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In addition, women empowerment and its dimensions (access and control of resources, participation, gender awareness, mobility and security) were investigated. Also these independent variables: marital Status, respondents and their families’ Income, social class, Education level of respondents and their spouses, Head of household status, employment status, occupation, age, technology divide, information access divide, information literacy divide were investigated. By virtue of multistage random sampling, 600 ones were selected based on leen formula. Required Datas were collected from Shiraz women aged 15-54 by means of questionnaires based on survey method. The study findings indicated variables: social status, respondent and husband education, technology divide, and information literacy divide and information access had a significant relation with the women empowerment; while marital status had no significant relationship with women empowerment. Multiple regression showed that 27 percent of the variance of women empowerment variable was explained through the independent variables (information literacy divide, respondents under Graduate Diploma).
Women's Studies
Firozeh Asghari; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing ...
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Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing countries, which are similar from different aspects. The method used in this research is comparative. The result of this study shows that despite the efforts of both countries to improve the women`s status in many key areas such as education, health, employment, according the reports of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Economic Forum, especially in Gender Inequality Index and Gender Gap Index, Malaysia is ranked higher than Iran. Why and how a country like Malaysia has a higher score than Iran, it is a question that at the end of this paper was answered.
Women's Studies
Mehdi Nooripor; Zahra Tavakolitabar; Shahab Mirzaei
Abstract
Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation ...
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Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation in different social activities. Social capital may act directly through physical investment or indirectly through reducing transactions costs, satisfying people and making social action. Both of these functions can move rural societies towards development. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate social capital components determinant for women membership in production cooperatives of Choram County. A descriptive- correlational research method was used in this study. Research sample include all of women members of rural cooperatives of Choram County and the same number of Non- members. Research tool was a predesigned questionnaire that it's validity was verified using face validity procedure and it's reliability way also verified using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained from a pilot study (from 0.65 to 0.89). The results showed that the mean score of social capital was significantly more in members in comparison to non- members. Also, the result of logistic regression showed that five components i.e. interaction, trust, cooperation, solidarity and participation were significant determinants of women's membership in production cooperatives of study area respectively.
Women's Studies
Amir Rastegar Khaled; Mehdi Kaveh
Abstract
Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental ...
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Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental patients for cosmetic surgery in Tehran. Participants in this study comprised 26 female patients. The grounded theory is a qualitative research approach and data collection techniques are made use of in-depth interviews. The data suggest a model paradigm made to promote itself as causal conditions, context and enhance the socialization process as involving mental space as conditions are influenced. Participants included in the above circumstances, the decision to reflective strategy, which thus arises as a result of its social acceptance.
Women's Studies
Mohammad Taghi Iman; maryam soroush
Abstract
Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate ...
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Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate that cultural capital of the present generation has increased compared to past generation. Social capital has lowered and economic capital has not changed. The results indicate that structural variables have a significant relationship with all types of capital. Controlling these variables we conclude that cultural capital is increased between generations, social capital has not changed with the reference of generation and economic capital well distributed along class and generational dynamics have not significant relationship. Results are discussed in relation with theory and previous researches.
Women's Studies
Aliyar Ahmadi; Fatemeh Rosta
Abstract
Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive ...
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Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive age living in Shiraz city. A sample of 392 person was selected thorough multiple stage cluster sampling. The study is based on Pender's health promotion model, although with some revisions. The result of Cronbach’s Alpha for the test of reliability for the lifestyle index is 0.87. The findings reveals that there is a significant relationship between the education of women, the study in areas of health, the use of communication media, social identity, social support, self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, and awareness of health behavior with the dependent variable; health oriented life style. The study indicates that age of respondents, the marital status, employment status, household income and experience of some particular diseases do not have any significant relationship with the dependent variable. The results of regression models shows that four variables including self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, the study in areas of health, and awareness of health behavior explain 51 percent of changes in variance of health oriented lifestyle. Among them, self-efficacy of health is the most influential one.
