mansoureh shahriyari; Gholamreza Jamshidiha; Akram joudy
Abstract
Women have been more or less influential in the history of human civilization in various ways, politically, socially, or positively or negatively. One of the most prominent and influential works in which women can be found is Khawaja Nizam al-Molk's policy paper, which reflects the ideas of the most ...
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Women have been more or less influential in the history of human civilization in various ways, politically, socially, or positively or negatively. One of the most prominent and influential works in which women can be found is Khawaja Nizam al-Molk's policy paper, which reflects the ideas of the most prominent and politicians of the Islamic era. In this book, Khawaja Nizam al-Molk has targeted women with sharp words. The purpose of the present study is to answer the question of why Khawaja has criticized women in the Nizam al-Mulk regime and whether all women are in the midst of her harsh words, as previous researches have suggested, and the ejaculation in this regard is minor. have taken. To answer this question, we have used Critical Discourse Analysis Theory at three levels of vocabulary, interpretation, and explanation. Because this theory focuses on the category of gender as a social issue and a generative one. The findings of the present study show that only women courtiers were in the throes of Khwaja's crushing criticism, and Khwaja refuses to include some of the court women in opposition to her continued power and dominance, and that she is not fundamentally speaking to all women. In order to legitimize his political dominance, both he and his followers, including some of his contemporaries, are marginalizing some of the court women..
Somayeh Arab Khorasani
Abstract
Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure ...
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Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure of gender in prescribed identity of individual under its influence Therefore, this paper apply narrative analysis approach with 30 men and women participants who have at least one experience of marriage and divorce. The result indicates that gender and its late transition in social actor's mentality counteract with the institution of family has great influence on the dissolution of family. Social actors, especially women, in their new interpretation of the meaning of gender have found it in contrast with family that made them decide to stay or leave. Therefore, the encounter of the evolved gender and the somehow fixed family form is the cause of divorce in middle range level that needs more and deeper investigation.
Sociology
Hossein Afrasiabi; Sanaz Jahangiri
Abstract
The current study aims to explore problem of everyday social interactions amongst women head of household in Shahin-Shahr. The research was done based on qualitative approach using grounded theory method for data collection and analysis. The purposeful and theoretical sampling method was used for selection ...
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The current study aims to explore problem of everyday social interactions amongst women head of household in Shahin-Shahr. The research was done based on qualitative approach using grounded theory method for data collection and analysis. The purposeful and theoretical sampling method was used for selection of the participants. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 35 women head of household. By data analysis in open, axial, and selective coding, 8 categories were constructed and presented in a paradigm model. Women head of household have experienced their social interactions in the form of unsafe privacy. Finally, a paradigmatic model of “unsafe limits” is the central concept obtained from the current study.
Mehri Bahar; Ali haji mohammadi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 43-72
Abstract
Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to ...
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Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to examine women’s readings of gender roles representation in Iranian television commercials from the cultural studies perspective. To achieve this objective, focus group interviews were used to study women readings and then their readings was analyzed. The results showed that television commercials are heedless of socio-cultural developments and the gender roles changes in different aspects in the society, but it represents dominant ideology in media and minimal status group of woman in Iranian society.
Currently, different groups of women are engaged in different discourses and they will gradually engage in other discourses. If this trend continues by different groups of women and the misrepresentation or exclusion of women doesn’t stop in the media, the audiences with different readings will become the most rethinking groups.
Volume 7, Issue 1 , May 2009
Abstract
Mystical literature provides a vast field of symbolism for the knowledgeable reader. Symbol has a bilinear quality. Mystical symbols are bilaterally both heavenly and earthly. The term "woman" has been studied symbolically in Persian literature.The present article is an attempt to discuss different ...
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Mystical literature provides a vast field of symbolism for the knowledgeable reader. Symbol has a bilinear quality. Mystical symbols are bilaterally both heavenly and earthly. The term "woman" has been studied symbolically in Persian literature.The present article is an attempt to discuss different aspects of this symbolism. The field of this study is mystical prose and poetry. From the category of mystical poetry, poetry of Maulana Jalaleddin from his poetry collection and Mathnavi are studied; also works of Sanai Ghaznavi and Attar are consulted. From the category of mystical prose, two books, Tadhkerat al-Owlya and Sefat al-saffa are studied. Also whenever needed some books such as Nasafi’s Kashf al-Haghayegh are consulted. The research methodology used in this research is contextual analysis and to this end, sample taking and studies have been conducted on mystical works. Finally ,an analytical comparison between Persian and Arabic mystical literature is carried out and Ibn Arabi's poetry and his point of view towards woman is examined. furthermore, in this study some aspects of the term "woman" are compared to the concept of Anima in Jung psychology. The results of this field study show that there is a great gap between the two symbolic meanings of the term "woman" in Persian literature. Symbolism of this word sometimes depicts a satanic quality of woman, and considers her as the source of sin and error; thus the human being is under the control of her malicious wills. Contrary, from the other point of view the term is divinely depicted, thus woman is raised to the state of unification and oneness with God. The woman reflects god and appears in forms of poetical brides or the mother of nature and world. The latter symbolism is the most beautiful image depicted of woman. In contrast to the former image that depicts woman as straying and deviating, in the latter, woman is represented in the form of Daughter of the Christian (referring to Mantigh ia- Tair of Attar) and Leili, as the guide of wayfarer toward God.
Key words: Mystical Literature, Symbolism, Woman, Soul
Volume 7, Issue 1 , May 2009
Abstract
Many poets have somewhat dealt with the concept of feminity in their poems, and some only have alluded to it. Their attitude and their viewpoint towards woman is influenced by the popular viewpoint dominating their society as well as their own personal experiences. Marouf Abdolqani Rasafi discussed nearly ...
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Many poets have somewhat dealt with the concept of feminity in their poems, and some only have alluded to it. Their attitude and their viewpoint towards woman is influenced by the popular viewpoint dominating their society as well as their own personal experiences. Marouf Abdolqani Rasafi discussed nearly all aspects of women's social problems. He was aware of such problems and tried his best to liberate the female gender from the dominant restrictions, but the restrictions hindered him in moving away from society's discourse. In his poems lies a great soul which is reinforced by Islam. This type of poem is mainly based on the feelings and sympathy that are bestowed upon the poet's soul. According to Rasafi poems, he is a Muslim who under the influence of western culture deviates from Islamic culture but ultimately returns to the dominant and deeply rooted Islamic culture. This reminds the famous proverb: Such is the tree, such is the fruit.
Volume 7, Issue 1 , May 2009
Abstract
Fable literature is one of the bases in which sexual stereotypes are reproduced. Like all other scientific fields, it continuously delineates a repetitive image of women. Therefore, this article aims to study how literary texts reflect sexual discrimination in a specific culture and how they deal with ...
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Fable literature is one of the bases in which sexual stereotypes are reproduced. Like all other scientific fields, it continuously delineates a repetitive image of women. Therefore, this article aims to study how literary texts reflect sexual discrimination in a specific culture and how they deal with reproduction of sexual division; specially how these injustices are drawn in Mr. Dolatabadi's selected works.The Results of the research shows that in Hejrate solyman, Bashobeyro,Jaye khaliye soloch, kalidar story books, harshness plays the main role and appears with various origins and in different forms (clear and hidden) and thus overcomes and defeats women. The method used in this research is content analysis.
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2008
Abstract
The victory of Tugrul in Dandanghan (431 HQ/1073 AD) heralded the rule of Seljuks in Persia. The pinnacle of this period could be said to have been the ten years reign of Alp Arsalan (455-65/1063-73) and twenty years reign of his son Malekshah (465-85/1063-73). These thirty years of continuous rule by ...
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The victory of Tugrul in Dandanghan (431 HQ/1073 AD) heralded the rule of Seljuks in Persia. The pinnacle of this period could be said to have been the ten years reign of Alp Arsalan (455-65/1063-73) and twenty years reign of his son Malekshah (465-85/1063-73). These thirty years of continuous rule by father and son coincided with the chancellorship of Khajeh Nizam al-Mulk, a wise counselor to the Seljuks, who encouraged his Turkish Masters to follow Persian Tradition (Iranshahr) of Absolute Ruler.
In his masterpiece the Siyasatnameh he not only developed his political philosophy on the rules of governance, but also attempted to give a precise paradigm for an oriental Empire.
In this essay an attempt is made to look at the question of ‘gender’ as a social phenomenon in a cultural context and Siyasatnameh, a text from the fifth HQ/eleventh Ad century, is chosen as representing the cultural system of Persian society during this Period. Having introduced his society and era, his views concerning women as a social class during the Seljuk period is discussed. It is argued that Nezam al-Molk’s views with regards to women are influenced more by older Persian traditions than by Islamic Sheria laws
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2007
Abstract
Many poets have dealt with and referred to the subject of woman. Their attitude towards woman is affected by public perspective and their personal experiences. Having looked at descriptions related to relationship of man and woman in Ahmad Shamloo's and Nezami Ganjavi's poetry, this paper attempts to ...
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Many poets have dealt with and referred to the subject of woman. Their attitude towards woman is affected by public perspective and their personal experiences. Having looked at descriptions related to relationship of man and woman in Ahmad Shamloo's and Nezami Ganjavi's poetry, this paper attempts to introduce two different and general views on woman role and characteristics.
Although Nezami attempted to free woman from her down graded status in the society of that time, he failed to surpass the common discourse surroundings dominating his time, and despite his pure and glittering descriptions of woman, the woman in his poetry possesses hegemonic qualities which shows her inner weakness. In this poetry Romantic relationship (affairs) is formed on superficial beauties of lover and beloved as well as their affection and infatuation to a unique face and figure.
In contrast, although the woman of Shamloo's poetry possesses no salient features, but has a big spirit, which prioritizes her over other women while being in outmost anonymity. She is not the conqueror of the world with her ire and coyness, but she conquers human entity with her humbleness and humanity. Here, romantic relation is not the consequence of a sensational desire to attain a beauty myth, but is a product of empathy and integration of two ordinary humans with big spirits.
Nezami's Khosro Shirin and poetry collection of Ahmad Shamloo have also been studied and notion of woman has been analyzed. Other documents which have referred to this subject are used in the research process.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to report the findings of a study on the condition of divorce that is Osre-o-Hara}. Woman can request divorce for the hardships in her married life (Osre-o-Hara}). When the life is impossible to continue and women can not tolerate anymore, she has the right to ask for ...
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The aim of the present article is to report the findings of a study on the condition of divorce that is Osre-o-Hara}. Woman can request divorce for the hardships in her married life (Osre-o-Hara}). When the life is impossible to continue and women can not tolerate anymore, she has the right to ask for divorce. The article of 1130 of Civil Code emphasizes; when the hardship is proved in the court, the husband has to divorce his wife. If he resists, the judge can divorce her. Considering the importance of Osr-o¬Hara}, few questions should be raised:
1. What is the status of Osre-o-Hara} in the Iranian legal system? What are the conditions for its implementation? In what circumstances women can file a request for divorce?
2. What types of problems and deficiencies are raised due to the generality of the concept? Is it a good solution to the problem? Is it able to provide judicial security in the family relations?
The available information demonstrates women's difficulties in proving hardship. Also Judges issue different verdicts based on their interpretation of the concept.
