Political sciences
Omolbanin Chaboki
Abstract
Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the ...
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Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the role of university reference groups in college students' political attitudes according to gender differences. This descriptive- analytic study was carried out using survey method. The statistical society is comprised of all the undergraduate, master's and PhD students at University of Tehran. 400 students (226 boys and 174 girls) were selected through availability sampling. Students have responded to a researcher- made questionnaire. The main hypothesis of this study is: there exists gender differences in relationship between the level of interaction with the reference group (including college professors, student organizations and the university students) and students’ political attitudes (in three dimensions: cognitive, affective and action). For data analysis, SPSS was used. The results showed that there are gender differences in all three dimensions of political attitudes. The findings also suggest that university friends and then college professors have the most important role in changing political attitudes of the students.
economics
Firozeh Asghari; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing ...
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Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing countries, which are similar from different aspects. The method used in this research is comparative. The result of this study shows that despite the efforts of both countries to improve the women`s status in many key areas such as education, health, employment, according the reports of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Economic Forum, especially in Gender Inequality Index and Gender Gap Index, Malaysia is ranked higher than Iran. Why and how a country like Malaysia has a higher score than Iran, it is a question that at the end of this paper was answered.
Political sciences
Mohammadrahim Eivazi; Zohreh Hemmati
Abstract
By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political ...
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By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political participation. In this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barriers of Woman's political participation are searched. In Islamic republic of Iran empathizing Islamic parliament is based on the opportunity's structures. The review of 32 years after the Islamic revolution findings suggest that in tree opportunity's structures, political- legal and individual- personality and socio- economic for Iranians woman are not concern serious legal barriers because of some individual- personality factors. Also, sociopolitical couldn't have widespread assist in parliamentary election and achieving seats in Islamic parliament.
Rural Development
Mehdi Nooripor; Zahra Tavakolitabar; Shahab Mirzaei
Abstract
Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation ...
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Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation in different social activities. Social capital may act directly through physical investment or indirectly through reducing transactions costs, satisfying people and making social action. Both of these functions can move rural societies towards development. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate social capital components determinant for women membership in production cooperatives of Choram County. A descriptive- correlational research method was used in this study. Research sample include all of women members of rural cooperatives of Choram County and the same number of Non- members. Research tool was a predesigned questionnaire that it's validity was verified using face validity procedure and it's reliability way also verified using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained from a pilot study (from 0.65 to 0.89). The results showed that the mean score of social capital was significantly more in members in comparison to non- members. Also, the result of logistic regression showed that five components i.e. interaction, trust, cooperation, solidarity and participation were significant determinants of women's membership in production cooperatives of study area respectively.
Sociology
Amir Rastegar Khaled; Mehdi Kaveh
Abstract
Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental ...
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Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental patients for cosmetic surgery in Tehran. Participants in this study comprised 26 female patients. The grounded theory is a qualitative research approach and data collection techniques are made use of in-depth interviews. The data suggest a model paradigm made to promote itself as causal conditions, context and enhance the socialization process as involving mental space as conditions are influenced. Participants included in the above circumstances, the decision to reflective strategy, which thus arises as a result of its social acceptance.
Psychology
mohammad Esmaeil Riahi; Tohid Alizadeh
Abstract
The present study aims to describe the rate of premarital skills among daughters of Martyrs and Veterans in Mazandaran Province, as well as to identify the impact of parents’ marital skills on their girls’ skills. The universe of the study is all of single, older than 15 years old girls whose ...
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The present study aims to describe the rate of premarital skills among daughters of Martyrs and Veterans in Mazandaran Province, as well as to identify the impact of parents’ marital skills on their girls’ skills. The universe of the study is all of single, older than 15 years old girls whose fathers were martyr or veteran. 366 young girls have been selected as a sample of the study via two-steps proportional random sampling method. Descriptive results indicate that rate of premarital skills is less than expected level (9.4 out of 20 score). However, these girls were more skilled in communication and anger control skills, as well as problem solving than marriage expectation and fertility skills. On the basis of regression analysis, rate of premarital skills among young girls can be predicted significantly (R2= 0.45), by independent variables, such as receiving direct education on marital life from parents, being younger girl, having higher education level, having richer fathers financially, and observing less negative behaviors of their fathers at home. These findings imply on necessity of invest on the teaching of premarital skills to young girls, especially in order to regulating their marriage expectation and increasing fertility knowledge.
Sociology
Mohammad Taghi Iman; maryam soroush
Abstract
Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate ...
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Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate that cultural capital of the present generation has increased compared to past generation. Social capital has lowered and economic capital has not changed. The results indicate that structural variables have a significant relationship with all types of capital. Controlling these variables we conclude that cultural capital is increased between generations, social capital has not changed with the reference of generation and economic capital well distributed along class and generational dynamics have not significant relationship. Results are discussed in relation with theory and previous researches.
Demographics
Aliyar Ahmadi; Fatemeh Rosta
Abstract
Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive ...
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Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive age living in Shiraz city. A sample of 392 person was selected thorough multiple stage cluster sampling. The study is based on Pender's health promotion model, although with some revisions. The result of Cronbach’s Alpha for the test of reliability for the lifestyle index is 0.87. The findings reveals that there is a significant relationship between the education of women, the study in areas of health, the use of communication media, social identity, social support, self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, and awareness of health behavior with the dependent variable; health oriented life style. The study indicates that age of respondents, the marital status, employment status, household income and experience of some particular diseases do not have any significant relationship with the dependent variable. The results of regression models shows that four variables including self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, the study in areas of health, and awareness of health behavior explain 51 percent of changes in variance of health oriented lifestyle. Among them, self-efficacy of health is the most influential one.
economics
Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani; Hajar Vahdat Moaddab; Somayeh Latifi
Abstract
Home business is one of the best fields of women's economic activity and considered as an important strategy for job creation, particularly for rural women. Nonetheless many barriers avoid addressing rural women to these businesses. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the most important barriers ...
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Home business is one of the best fields of women's economic activity and considered as an important strategy for job creation, particularly for rural women. Nonetheless many barriers avoid addressing rural women to these businesses. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the most important barriers for trends of rural women and girls to home businesses. The statistical population of this study was rural women that are over 18 years in Sardrod district in Razan county, Hamedan province. 187 people were studied randomly according to Cochran formula. The most important data collection tool was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by panel of experts and Its reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. According to results of factor analysis, barriers to rural women trend to establish home businesses were classified in six factors that were: social and cultural, infrastructure and finance, personality, support, domestic and training. Social and cultural factors as the most important factor was introduced.
Women's Studies
Fahimeh Farahmand Pour; elham bahranifard
Abstract
Besides textbooks teach students, prepare them to accept their roles in accordance with their gender characteristics, as it is considered by the authors. This study is intended to represent how women’s social – political roles in both elementary and middle high school textbooks, academic ...
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Besides textbooks teach students, prepare them to accept their roles in accordance with their gender characteristics, as it is considered by the authors. This study is intended to represent how women’s social – political roles in both elementary and middle high school textbooks, academic year deal 1391-92. Research method is quantitative content analysis based on gender in education between images and text. The results indicate the defining social roles for women new look requires a lot of activities , such as care for the environment, charitable activities and public works, aid workers, and the presence of important social practice such as enjoining good and forbid the evil taking place in the new definition. Also, the categories and content analysis, descriptive and normative statements indicate that further descriptive statements and images in textbooks. But describing the role of women in social and political issues in most cases is not consistent with reality.
Sociology
Bijan Khajenoori; Leila Parnian
Abstract
This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research ...
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This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research tool was questionnaire. The sampling method used in the survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size estimated according to Lin Table was 600. The results show a significant relationship between the modernism, reflection, sex role attitude, foreign mass media and globalization consciousness (R2=28.8) with social acceptance of the body (total).
Management
Mohammad Hassani; Maryam Sameri; Mirmohammad Seyedabbaszadeh; Mirnajaf Mousavi
Abstract
This study examines educational inequalities between boys and girls in secondary schools by using context, space, human resources, education coverage, education process, outputs and outcomes as comparative indicators. The research study is a descriptive - analytical survey. The required data have been ...
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This study examines educational inequalities between boys and girls in secondary schools by using context, space, human resources, education coverage, education process, outputs and outcomes as comparative indicators. The research study is a descriptive - analytical survey. The required data have been collected through both using documents and questionnaires. Using stratified random sampling, the questionnaires were distributed among a sample of 815 high school students (419 boys and 396 girls) in province of Western Azerbaijan. Validity of questionnaires has been confirmed by using factor analysis and reliability by using Cronbach’s Alfa. The findings suggest that in the context of inequality, except for educational sensitivity of parents no other variable showed a significant difference between boys and girls. Given the disparity in the space, human resources and educational coverage indicators,, a significant inequality is evident between boys and girls. As to the question of inequality in educational processes, apart from inequality in the justice treatment, there is no significant difference between boys and girls. For the question of inequality in outputs and outcomes, the educational success of female students as well as their higher percentage of passing the university entrance and developed motivation toward school, shows higher status of girls.
Management
Reza Ahmadi Kahnali; Mohammad Reza Behboudi; Tahere Jamjoor
Abstract
The recent increasing number of women in organizations has not been associated with their appropriate positions. Therefore, potential capacity of half of active workforce is not utilized fully in managerial positions for organizational success. This study investigates why women are less likely to achieve ...
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The recent increasing number of women in organizations has not been associated with their appropriate positions. Therefore, potential capacity of half of active workforce is not utilized fully in managerial positions for organizational success. This study investigates why women are less likely to achieve higher positions in organizations .The study identifies barriers of women's access to managerial positions through a qualitative research methods. The data are collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with female executives of governmental organizations located in Bandar Abbas. Qualitative data have been analyzed according to Colaizzi’s seven stages process with MAX QDA software. The results show that four categories of barriers including personal barriers (14 items including marriage and children, lack of support from family and husband, etc.), organizational barriers (19 items including negative mindset and viewpoint of decisions makers and managers, preference of men to women in equal conditions, etc.), social barriers (4 items including social culture and men-dominant culture, lack of believing the competency of women, etc.), and Legal barriers (5 items including pregnancy-leave law, obedience of wife from husband, etc.), are the main obstacles of women for achieving higher managerial positions in Iranian organizations. At the end, the study proposed some practical solutions such as identifying and introducing successful women mangers to overcome the obstacles.
Sociology
Akbar Zare Shahabadi; Roqieh Mandani
Abstract
Power is an important social variable in the study of the social structure, institutions, groupsand individuals considered to be a conventional relationship and family is no exception. Themain purpose of this article to review the decision making power of women in the family iswhite and its influencing ...
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Power is an important social variable in the study of the social structure, institutions, groupsand individuals considered to be a conventional relationship and family is no exception. Themain purpose of this article to review the decision making power of women in the family iswhite and its influencing factors. This research is a quantitative survey, which was conductedin 2011 in the town of processes might work. Our findings indicate that women in decisionmakingprocesses might work in family income affect women, women's education, spouse'seducation, women's employment, place of birth, how to choose a wife, the mother of thefamily of origin and stereotypical attitudes towards gender. Also among the variables,variables such as age, age difference between spouses, length of marriage, type of marriageand legal barriers to women's decision-making power in the household are significant. Drthlylmultivariable regression variables as income, the mother's family of origin and stereotypicalattitudes, a total of 4.13% of the variance in family decision-making power of women in thepopulation account.
