Faculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321Mechanisms of Legitimizing Gender Power (Case study: Women of Eyvan Town)Mechanisms of Legitimizing Gender Power (Case study: Women of Eyvan Town)13410067910.22059/jwdp.2025.379633.1008473FAYarmohammadGhasemiFull Professor, Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.0000-0002-4458-9115ZahraRezaeinasabAssociate Professor, Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.0000-0002-8766-7523FatemehHavas BeigiAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-7518-6805AkhtarMahmoodiMaster’s Degree Graduate, Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.0009-0002-1457-0402Journal Article20240820In less densely populated cities, tradition significantly influences various aspects of life, as mechanical interactions are frequently observed in these environments. This dynamic impacts the norms, values, and social relationships between the two genders. The aim of this research is to analyze the mechanisms through which gender power is legitimized from the perspective of women residing in the townof Eyvan, within the framework of familial structures. This research is anchored in the interpretive paradigm and employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the grounded theory methodology. The research encompasses women residing in the town of Eyvan, employing a purposive snowball sampling method. This sampling process persisted until theoretical saturation was achieved, resulting in a total of 20 interviews conducted. A semi-structured interview methodology has been used to collect information, with the data presented in textual format. The analysis of the data has been conducted utilizing a three-stage coding process, comprising open, axial, and selective coding. From the semantic expressions, a total of 233 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 13 primary categories were obtained. The principal category was designated as “The coexistence of religious and customary discourse,” signifying the simultaneous presence of two forms of customary-religious discourses that, when regarded as societal references, have the potential to reinforce and legitimize gender power dynamics. Although this coexistence is observed across various societies, the ideological framing of religious discourse within Iranian society—as a political ideology—has significantly intensified the legitimization of gender power.In less densely populated cities, tradition significantly influences various aspects of life, as mechanical interactions are frequently observed in these environments. This dynamic impacts the norms, values, and social relationships between the two genders. The aim of this research is to analyze the mechanisms through which gender power is legitimized from the perspective of women residing in the townof Eyvan, within the framework of familial structures. This research is anchored in the interpretive paradigm and employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the grounded theory methodology. The research encompasses women residing in the town of Eyvan, employing a purposive snowball sampling method. This sampling process persisted until theoretical saturation was achieved, resulting in a total of 20 interviews conducted. A semi-structured interview methodology has been used to collect information, with the data presented in textual format. The analysis of the data has been conducted utilizing a three-stage coding process, comprising open, axial, and selective coding. From the semantic expressions, a total of 233 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 13 primary categories were obtained. The principal category was designated as “The coexistence of religious and customary discourse,” signifying the simultaneous presence of two forms of customary-religious discourses that, when regarded as societal references, have the potential to reinforce and legitimize gender power dynamics. Although this coexistence is observed across various societies, the ideological framing of religious discourse within Iranian society—as a political ideology—has significantly intensified the legitimization of gender power.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_100679_614e5d414502f27a5aea10565a654dbb.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321Overcoming Invisible Barriers: How Coaching Brings New Mothers Back to the Social and Entrepreneurial StageOvercoming Invisible Barriers: How Coaching Brings New Mothers Back to the Social and Entrepreneurial Stage356110121610.22059/jwdp.2025.384814.1008492FAZahraGhiafeh DavoudiMA, Department of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0009-0009-7179-8084EhsanChitsazAssistant Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9656-418XMaryamSeyfikar QomiPhD Student, Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-2345-2929Journal Article20241104The economic and social development of society is significantly influenced by the contributions of women. Their presence not only enhances the financial status of families but also promotes diversity and innovation in the labor market and society. However, numerous obstacles arise for mothers with children under the age of three when they attempt to resume their professional and social responsibilities. The current study investigates the influence of the “Trust Yourself” coaching approach on the social engagement and entrepreneurship of mothers. Two groups were utilized in this quasi-experimental investigation: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was composed of mothers who participated in 8 virtual coaching appointments, while the control group received only an introductory session. The intervention was preceded and followed by the collection of data through online questionnaires.<br />Coaching was found to be an effective tool for empowering mothers and facilitating their return to society and the labor market, as evidenced by the reduction of limiting beliefs and the increase in the participation of mothers in social activities and entrepreneurship. These findings are consistent with previous research on coaching and the transformation of negative mental patterns. Coaching assisted mothers in playing an active role in society by changing limiting beliefs and strengthening self-efficacy.The economic and social development of society is significantly influenced by the contributions of women. Their presence not only enhances the financial status of families but also promotes diversity and innovation in the labor market and society. However, numerous obstacles arise for mothers with children under the age of three when they attempt to resume their professional and social responsibilities. The current study investigates the influence of the “Trust Yourself” coaching approach on the social engagement and entrepreneurship of mothers. Two groups were utilized in this quasi-experimental investigation: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was composed of mothers who participated in 8 virtual coaching appointments, while the control group received only an introductory session. The intervention was preceded and followed by the collection of data through online questionnaires.<br />Coaching was found to be an effective tool for empowering mothers and facilitating their return to society and the labor market, as evidenced by the reduction of limiting beliefs and the increase in the participation of mothers in social activities and entrepreneurship. These findings are consistent with previous research on coaching and the transformation of negative mental patterns. Coaching assisted mothers in playing an active role in society by changing limiting beliefs and strengthening self-efficacy.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_101216_63cce882dd00fe2a2103fc1bbdec1ad6.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321The Impact of Women’s Electronic Lifestyle on Advertising Acceptance and Intention to Purchase Online: A Structural AnalysisThe Impact of Women’s Electronic Lifestyle on Advertising Acceptance and Intention to Purchase Online: A Structural Analysis638910155210.22059/jwdp.2025.386622.1008499FASaraMohammadiAssociate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0001-7958-5942EslamFakherAssistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-5240-2795AliMehrabiAssistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-7734-6013KhadijehSafikhani NasimzadehMaster's Degree, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0009-0009-1069-7562Journal Article20241208The electronic lifestyle is now closely linked to the advancement of the Internet. It is imperative to comprehend the lifestyle and style of individuals in order to deliver the most suitable services to their respective departments. Therefore, it seems that according to the technological developments and the use of new technologies, people's electronic lifestyle is a tool for marketing and designing services based on information and communication technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an electronic lifestyle on the acceptability of advertisements and the intention to purchase online among women in Ahvaz City. Consequently, this investigation is classified as an applied research in terms of its nature and objective, and it is a descriptive-correlational research in terms of its data collection methodology. The statistical population consists of all female citizens of Ahvaz who have experience with online purchasing. A sample of 384 individuals was selected through non-random sampling. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were employed to analyze the validity and reliability of data collected using conventional questionnaires. The data analysis results indicated that the intention to purchase online is significantly influenced by the categories of electronic lifestyles, with the exception of the sociable and emergency-oriented lifestyles. Additionally, advertisements’ acceptance and the intention to purchase online were both substantially confirmed by the impact of electronic lifestyles. Nevertheless, the mediating function of advertising acceptance in the effect of e-lifestyle on intention to shop online was positive but non-significant, and it was not confirmed.The electronic lifestyle is now closely linked to the advancement of the Internet. It is imperative to comprehend the lifestyle and style of individuals in order to deliver the most suitable services to their respective departments. Therefore, it seems that according to the technological developments and the use of new technologies, people's electronic lifestyle is a tool for marketing and designing services based on information and communication technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an electronic lifestyle on the acceptability of advertisements and the intention to purchase online among women in Ahvaz City. Consequently, this investigation is classified as an applied research in terms of its nature and objective, and it is a descriptive-correlational research in terms of its data collection methodology. The statistical population consists of all female citizens of Ahvaz who have experience with online purchasing. A sample of 384 individuals was selected through non-random sampling. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were employed to analyze the validity and reliability of data collected using conventional questionnaires. The data analysis results indicated that the intention to purchase online is significantly influenced by the categories of electronic lifestyles, with the exception of the sociable and emergency-oriented lifestyles. Additionally, advertisements’ acceptance and the intention to purchase online were both substantially confirmed by the impact of electronic lifestyles. Nevertheless, the mediating function of advertising acceptance in the effect of e-lifestyle on intention to shop online was positive but non-significant, and it was not confirmed.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_101552_64d5369cb364ea6f45c55a203acd02d5.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321Work and Home: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences and Narratives of Employed Women on Domestic WorkWork and Home: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences and Narratives of Employed Women on Domestic Work9111810086210.22059/jwdp.2025.387216.1008501FAHamedShiriAssociate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-5489-6338YaghoubAhmadiFull Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6025-684XBaharShariatiMA, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.0009-0003-3133-1582LeilaKhodavirdiMA, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.0009-0005-1916-7999Journal Article20241221Despite extensive social, economic, and cultural changes in recent decades, domestic work remains the primary responsibility and cultural norm for many women, including those who are employed. The personal and professional quality of life, satisfaction, and mental and social well-being of working women are significantly influenced by their social and familial obligations. The present study employs a phenomenological approach to investigate the lived experiences and narratives of employed women in relation to domestic work, their navigation of role duality, and its repercussions within this framework. The theoretical context is based on feminist interpretations of gender inequality, role conflict, and social roles. This research employs a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with 15 employed women from the public and private sectors in the city of Marivan (Iran). The women were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. The results indicate that, for employed women, “domestic work as an inescapable responsibility” is a dual social identity. As a result, this paradoxical situation subjects them to “the responsibilities of dual labor and role strain.” The findings also emphasize that domestic work is imposed on women as a feminine obligation under the reign of “patriarchal traditions,” whereas employment is perceived as a deliberate and autonomous “tool for resistance.” Improving the conditions of women necessitates the realization of gender equality through gradual steps toward structural reform and the cultivation of a collaborative and egalitarian culture.Despite extensive social, economic, and cultural changes in recent decades, domestic work remains the primary responsibility and cultural norm for many women, including those who are employed. The personal and professional quality of life, satisfaction, and mental and social well-being of working women are significantly influenced by their social and familial obligations. The present study employs a phenomenological approach to investigate the lived experiences and narratives of employed women in relation to domestic work, their navigation of role duality, and its repercussions within this framework. The theoretical context is based on feminist interpretations of gender inequality, role conflict, and social roles. This research employs a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with 15 employed women from the public and private sectors in the city of Marivan (Iran). The women were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. The results indicate that, for employed women, “domestic work as an inescapable responsibility” is a dual social identity. As a result, this paradoxical situation subjects them to “the responsibilities of dual labor and role strain.” The findings also emphasize that domestic work is imposed on women as a feminine obligation under the reign of “patriarchal traditions,” whereas employment is perceived as a deliberate and autonomous “tool for resistance.” Improving the conditions of women necessitates the realization of gender equality through gradual steps toward structural reform and the cultivation of a collaborative and egalitarian culture.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_100862_730b5fccf50b6549c73ad6c106baa332.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321An Investigation on Identity Challenges Faced by Muslim Women Immigrants in EuropeAn Investigation on Identity Challenges Faced by Muslim Women Immigrants in Europe11914710056810.22059/jwdp.2025.379658.1008470FAReyhanesadatGeramiPhD Student, Department of Islamic Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-0039-5391YounesNourbakhshAssociate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-9523-806XRasoulSadeghiAssociate Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-7024-2924Journal Article20240905The emergence of various conflicts and challenges as a result of Muslims' presence in European countries as well as the growing Muslim diaspora within a predominately secular context have sparked significant concerns in the field of social sciences. Concurrently, it is imperative to address the process of self-identification among Muslim immigrant women in Europe, as well as the potential obstacles they encounter in relation to their religious identity. Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic. This investigation implements a qualitative meta-analysis methodology to evaluate research conducted between 2010 and 2023 regarding the religious identity challenges of Muslim women in the European diaspora. The host society's negative attitudes and behaviors, the imposition of specific lifestyles on Muslim women, the uneven progression of Muslim immigrant women, internal scrutiny and prejudice, the clash between Islamic and European lifestyles, and the experience of double marginalization were all identified as six religious identity challenges. Muslim women have adopted four fundamental strategies: personalizing their religious identity, engaging in membership and participation within Islamic centers, embracing multidimensional and flexible identities, and endorsing a discourse of pure Islam. Indeed, this study illustrates that Muslim immigrant women in European societies are subjected to mutual pressures from both the host and their own communities. They attempt to manage these pressures and achieve a sense of equilibrium in their daily lives by implementing a diverse array of strategies.The emergence of various conflicts and challenges as a result of Muslims' presence in European countries as well as the growing Muslim diaspora within a predominately secular context have sparked significant concerns in the field of social sciences. Concurrently, it is imperative to address the process of self-identification among Muslim immigrant women in Europe, as well as the potential obstacles they encounter in relation to their religious identity. Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic. This investigation implements a qualitative meta-analysis methodology to evaluate research conducted between 2010 and 2023 regarding the religious identity challenges of Muslim women in the European diaspora. The host society's negative attitudes and behaviors, the imposition of specific lifestyles on Muslim women, the uneven progression of Muslim immigrant women, internal scrutiny and prejudice, the clash between Islamic and European lifestyles, and the experience of double marginalization were all identified as six religious identity challenges. Muslim women have adopted four fundamental strategies: personalizing their religious identity, engaging in membership and participation within Islamic centers, embracing multidimensional and flexible identities, and endorsing a discourse of pure Islam. Indeed, this study illustrates that Muslim immigrant women in European societies are subjected to mutual pressures from both the host and their own communities. They attempt to manage these pressures and achieve a sense of equilibrium in their daily lives by implementing a diverse array of strategies.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_100568_be19c68bfea8e5a05371e3be7ac5d043.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321Semantic Understanding of the Identity Formation Process of Women in Yasuj City with a Postmodern ApproachSemantic Understanding of the Identity Formation Process of Women in Yasuj City with a Postmodern Approach1491729960410.22059/jwdp.2024.382461.1008481FAAliehAbbasiPhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.0009-0009-9072-5278MahmoudrezaRahbarqaziAssociate Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0003-3835-2581Amir MasoudShahramniaAssociate Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-8333-0256Journal Article20240917This article employs a feminist perspective to investigate the process of identity formation among women in the city of Yasuj. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 women from this city to collect and analyze data using the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory method. The causal conditions section's findings suggest that gendered othering, restriction of choices, hegemonic patriarchy, religious authority discourse, and the social reproduction of gender influence women's identities. Moreover, the discursive normative system, religious symbolic order, gendered embodiment, hegemonic dress code, and gendered family system are identified as contextual conditions that significantly contribute to the stabilization of the traditional identity of women. However, institutional gender discrimination, normative deterrence, intra-family power relations, the representation of body control, and patriarchal capitalism are abstracted as codes of intervening conditions. The study examines the influence of power discourses on women's identity and describes the role of resistance and acquiescence in the formation of women's identities in the strategies section. Positive outcomes (identity and embodiment reconstruction, resistance against dominant discourses, autonomy, and body control), mixed outcomes (resistance and acceptance discourse, role duality, subject and social order conflict), and negative outcomes (power discourse and social surveillance, loss of autonomy, internalization of norms) are the three categories into which the consequences of this phenomenon are classified.This article employs a feminist perspective to investigate the process of identity formation among women in the city of Yasuj. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 women from this city to collect and analyze data using the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory method. The causal conditions section's findings suggest that gendered othering, restriction of choices, hegemonic patriarchy, religious authority discourse, and the social reproduction of gender influence women's identities. Moreover, the discursive normative system, religious symbolic order, gendered embodiment, hegemonic dress code, and gendered family system are identified as contextual conditions that significantly contribute to the stabilization of the traditional identity of women. However, institutional gender discrimination, normative deterrence, intra-family power relations, the representation of body control, and patriarchal capitalism are abstracted as codes of intervening conditions. The study examines the influence of power discourses on women's identity and describes the role of resistance and acquiescence in the formation of women's identities in the strategies section. Positive outcomes (identity and embodiment reconstruction, resistance against dominant discourses, autonomy, and body control), mixed outcomes (resistance and acceptance discourse, role duality, subject and social order conflict), and negative outcomes (power discourse and social surveillance, loss of autonomy, internalization of norms) are the three categories into which the consequences of this phenomenon are classified.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_99604_ff1d218cb29c3b93378e14dd2b586987.pdfFaculty of Social Sciences University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312423120250321The Contribution of Cooperation in Removing the Deprivation of Female Heads of the Household with a Future Research ApproachThe Contribution of Cooperation in Removing the Deprivation of Female Heads of the Household with a Future Research Approach17320210197210.22059/jwdp.2025.387075.1008500FABehrouzSadeghi AmroabadiAssistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-9992-2114Amir HosseinMontazer-HojatAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.SajadBahmaniAssistant Professor of Sociology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.AhmadSalahManeshAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.FaezehAmraiiMaster in Theoretical Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.0009-0000-5786-7826Journal Article20241224Cooperatives have been a subject of interest to policymakers in the field of poverty alleviation for a long time. They are capable of empowering women who are the chiefs of households, which is a significant aspect of poverty in Khuzestan Province. Therefore, the primary inquiry of this investigation is: What are the most critical cooperative development strategies for the alleviation of poverty among women who are the leaders of households in Khuzestan Province? The research employs a futures research approach and scenario-building method with the Scenario Wizard software, and is founded on documentary studies and expert opinions. In 2024, the experts consisted of 40 academics, executive management, and administrators of women's cooperatives in Khuzestan Province. Non-probability judgmental sampling was implemented. Four scenarios were identified by the results. The first part of the scenario includes the two most desirable scenarios (all factors, with favorable conditions), as well as suitable economic conditions with the support of the authorities and the development of infrastructure. The second scenario is solely in the culture component and considers static conditions. The third scenario suggests that the current situation be maintained while strengthening infrastructure and empowering women under static conditions. The crisis scenario illustrates the unfavorable situation of women's cooperatives. The most critical attributes include the following: improving the quality of women's education, enhancing the level of support through educational infrastructure and the presence of women, focusing on cultural issues that are relevant to the advancement of women's work, and increasing attention to the cooperative sector in the economy and the opinion of the authorities.Cooperatives have been a subject of interest to policymakers in the field of poverty alleviation for a long time. They are capable of empowering women who are the chiefs of households, which is a significant aspect of poverty in Khuzestan Province. Therefore, the primary inquiry of this investigation is: What are the most critical cooperative development strategies for the alleviation of poverty among women who are the leaders of households in Khuzestan Province? The research employs a futures research approach and scenario-building method with the Scenario Wizard software, and is founded on documentary studies and expert opinions. In 2024, the experts consisted of 40 academics, executive management, and administrators of women's cooperatives in Khuzestan Province. Non-probability judgmental sampling was implemented. Four scenarios were identified by the results. The first part of the scenario includes the two most desirable scenarios (all factors, with favorable conditions), as well as suitable economic conditions with the support of the authorities and the development of infrastructure. The second scenario is solely in the culture component and considers static conditions. The third scenario suggests that the current situation be maintained while strengthening infrastructure and empowering women under static conditions. The crisis scenario illustrates the unfavorable situation of women's cooperatives. The most critical attributes include the following: improving the quality of women's education, enhancing the level of support through educational infrastructure and the presence of women, focusing on cultural issues that are relevant to the advancement of women's work, and increasing attention to the cooperative sector in the economy and the opinion of the authorities.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_101972_250c27464bacc89e2d52ee4919c27ceb.pdf