Center for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Examining Social Factors Affecting Pregnant Women’s Attitude towards Induced AbortionExamining Social Factors Affecting Pregnant Women’s Attitude towards Induced Abortion5232868510.22059/jwdp.2012.28685FAHasanSarayiPegahRoshanshomalJournal Article19700101Induced abortion is one of the problems to which some women resort for different reasons including family planning, to hide their illegal relations, avoid unwanted pregnancy, rape, etc. Physical and psychological aftermaths of abortion on women who experience it as well as cultural and social conditions of abortion show the importance of paying attention to the problem. This research aims to study the social factors affecting pregnant women’s attitude to induced abortion. The research was performed through survey method and statistical population was all women at the fertility age in Tehran in the year 2006. Sample size was calculated according to formula: 300 people and quota sampling was used. The results of multivariate regression analysis show that variables like religiosity, the attitude of the family and relatives towards abortion, and the social class involve 26 percent of variance related to the attitude of the women towards abortion. Fading faith and piety among women, according to the results, has a direct relationship with increased positive attitude towards abortion. Other variables such as age, education, and occupational status are not related to do women’s attitude towards having abortions.Induced abortion is one of the problems to which some women resort for different reasons including family planning, to hide their illegal relations, avoid unwanted pregnancy, rape, etc. Physical and psychological aftermaths of abortion on women who experience it as well as cultural and social conditions of abortion show the importance of paying attention to the problem. This research aims to study the social factors affecting pregnant women’s attitude to induced abortion. The research was performed through survey method and statistical population was all women at the fertility age in Tehran in the year 2006. Sample size was calculated according to formula: 300 people and quota sampling was used. The results of multivariate regression analysis show that variables like religiosity, the attitude of the family and relatives towards abortion, and the social class involve 26 percent of variance related to the attitude of the women towards abortion. Fading faith and piety among women, according to the results, has a direct relationship with increased positive attitude towards abortion. Other variables such as age, education, and occupational status are not related to do women’s attitude towards having abortions.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28685_6e99debaa85f6c27ac065381d8d0154d.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Recognizing the Social Barriers for Female Staff of Bank Melli in Tehran to Access Managerial PositionsRecognizing the Social Barriers for Female Staff of Bank Melli in Tehran to Access Managerial Positions25422868610.22059/jwdp.2012.28686FAJafarHezarjaribiAzamPilevariJournal Article19700101This research has been conducted to study the social barriers for women to have managerial positions. To this end the Glass Ceiling theory and Role Conflict hypothesis have been proposed. The statistical population has been 323 employed female staff of Bank Melli in Tehran who were selected through systematic sampling based on Cochran’s sampling formula. Findings suggest that the main social obstacles for women to gain managerial position are: women’s family responsibilities, stereotypical thoughts and relationship considerations. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between women’s educational status and their access to managerial positions.This research has been conducted to study the social barriers for women to have managerial positions. To this end the Glass Ceiling theory and Role Conflict hypothesis have been proposed. The statistical population has been 323 employed female staff of Bank Melli in Tehran who were selected through systematic sampling based on Cochran’s sampling formula. Findings suggest that the main social obstacles for women to gain managerial position are: women’s family responsibilities, stereotypical thoughts and relationship considerations. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between women’s educational status and their access to managerial positions.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28686_f93023869785930c1930ae45a3d18388.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Women’s Challenges to Enter into Male Networks in Academic EnvironmentsWomen’s Challenges to Enter into Male Networks in Academic Environments43632868710.22059/jwdp.2012.28687FAAriyanGholipourSomayehLabafiMahdiyehJalalpourJournal Article19700101Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their position as an academic member has remained to be a problem. Applying a qualitative method and the Ground Theory, the present research tries to study the challenges ahead of women to enter male academic networks at universities. 18 professors have been selected through purposive sampling and snow ball method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Strauss & Corbin’s constant comparative method. The research findings suggest that the most important obstacles to women’s entry to male academic network of universities are legal, cultural and family problems among others.Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their position as an academic member has remained to be a problem. Applying a qualitative method and the Ground Theory, the present research tries to study the challenges ahead of women to enter male academic networks at universities. 18 professors have been selected through purposive sampling and snow ball method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Strauss & Corbin’s constant comparative method. The research findings suggest that the most important obstacles to women’s entry to male academic network of universities are legal, cultural and family problems among others.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28687_cde43ce73d7612738895f65078d36b6a.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Unmet Needs of Pregnancy Health and Its Determinants among Women in Kordshahr, MahabadUnmet Needs of Pregnancy Health and Its Determinants among Women in Kordshahr, Mahabad65862868810.22059/jwdp.2012.28688FAHatamHoseini0000-0002-4512-9225AmirErfani0000-0001-8845-8574SoleymanPaksereshtBalalBeigiJournal Article19700101Unmet needs show the gap between ideals and reproductive behavior of women. This article aims to evaluate and examine the determinants of the need among married Kurdish women of 15-49 in Mahabad. This research was conducted through the data of fertility survey in March 2012, in Mahabad with a sample size of 700 families. According to the results the rates of unmet needs for birth intervals and child bearing stoppage, and unmet needs to use modern ways of pregnancy prevention are respectively 10.85 and 9.85 percent and the total rate of unmet needs is 20.7 percent. Women’s worry about side effects of pregnancy prevention means is the most important reason for avoiding pregnancy prevention. Social and cultural limits such as husband’s and other family members’ disagreement, as well as religious reasons come next. Findings of the study are in agreement with Bhushan and Bollato’s theories. Considering determinant role of some cultural characteristics as well as economical and social ones and factors related to family planning to predict the possibility of any unmet needs for family planning, it is recommended to undertake some comparative studies through component method in areas which are heterogeneous in terms of ethnos and culture in order to evaluate the unmet needs of family planning and to find the influencing factors.Unmet needs show the gap between ideals and reproductive behavior of women. This article aims to evaluate and examine the determinants of the need among married Kurdish women of 15-49 in Mahabad. This research was conducted through the data of fertility survey in March 2012, in Mahabad with a sample size of 700 families. According to the results the rates of unmet needs for birth intervals and child bearing stoppage, and unmet needs to use modern ways of pregnancy prevention are respectively 10.85 and 9.85 percent and the total rate of unmet needs is 20.7 percent. Women’s worry about side effects of pregnancy prevention means is the most important reason for avoiding pregnancy prevention. Social and cultural limits such as husband’s and other family members’ disagreement, as well as religious reasons come next. Findings of the study are in agreement with Bhushan and Bollato’s theories. Considering determinant role of some cultural characteristics as well as economical and social ones and factors related to family planning to predict the possibility of any unmet needs for family planning, it is recommended to undertake some comparative studies through component method in areas which are heterogeneous in terms of ethnos and culture in order to evaluate the unmet needs of family planning and to find the influencing factors.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28688_adaa031a21a50b8bc1d7c385a35eb15b.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Female Students’ Use of Cosmetics and Its Sociological Factors Affecting ItFemale Students’ Use of Cosmetics and Its Sociological Factors Affecting It871062868910.22059/jwdp.2012.28689FAGolmoradMoradi0000-0002-1644-463XJournal Article19700101This research tries to study the role of sociological factors affecting young girls’ use of make-up tools. The study has been conducted through survey method and the data has been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population was 784 girl students from Islam Abad Gharb Azad University, 400 of whom were selected by simple random sampling to be studied. The findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, religious orientation and parents’ level of education have a significant relationship with using cosmetics. The results of regression coefficient show that six variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, income, job status, marital status, have been entered into the equation respectively based on their importance in explaining the dependant variables, and explain total amount of 51% of variance of the dependant variables.This research tries to study the role of sociological factors affecting young girls’ use of make-up tools. The study has been conducted through survey method and the data has been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population was 784 girl students from Islam Abad Gharb Azad University, 400 of whom were selected by simple random sampling to be studied. The findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, religious orientation and parents’ level of education have a significant relationship with using cosmetics. The results of regression coefficient show that six variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, income, job status, marital status, have been entered into the equation respectively based on their importance in explaining the dependant variables, and explain total amount of 51% of variance of the dependant variables.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28689_98564e509ece2f50cbab8cc4fc61259c.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621An Assessment of the Economic and Social Ability of Female Rural Rug Makers (Case study: Hamedan Province)An Assessment of the Economic and Social Ability of Female Rural Rug Makers (Case study: Hamedan Province)1071262869010.22059/jwdp.2012.28690FAHeshmatollahSadiHoseinShabanali FamiSomayehLatifiJournal Article19700101This study evaluates the economic and social power of rural women in Hamadan who manufacture rugs and factors affecting it. Survey method was applied through questionnaires to conduct the research. 404 female rug makers were selected from Hamedan province based on Krejcie & Morgan table. The results suggest that social ability mean of female rug weavers is higher than their economic potency. The results of regression analysis also showed that the variables of handmade rug’s size, availability of materials and tools of rug making, the level of related technical knowledge, and rug weaving time length during a day are among the most important factors of rural women’s economic ability which defines 42 percent of variance of their economic ability. Regarding social potency, the variables of job satisfaction, economic ability, level of related technical knowledge, and level of education explicate 43 percent of the variables of social ability. Considering the results of this research, strengthening the indicators affecting economic and social power of female rug makers especially indicators of availability of materials and tools of rug making, and related technical knowledge of rug making through holding courses to empower them is necessary.This study evaluates the economic and social power of rural women in Hamadan who manufacture rugs and factors affecting it. Survey method was applied through questionnaires to conduct the research. 404 female rug makers were selected from Hamedan province based on Krejcie & Morgan table. The results suggest that social ability mean of female rug weavers is higher than their economic potency. The results of regression analysis also showed that the variables of handmade rug’s size, availability of materials and tools of rug making, the level of related technical knowledge, and rug weaving time length during a day are among the most important factors of rural women’s economic ability which defines 42 percent of variance of their economic ability. Regarding social potency, the variables of job satisfaction, economic ability, level of related technical knowledge, and level of education explicate 43 percent of the variables of social ability. Considering the results of this research, strengthening the indicators affecting economic and social power of female rug makers especially indicators of availability of materials and tools of rug making, and related technical knowledge of rug making through holding courses to empower them is necessary.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28690_23f22f5dcc29a19ab3ba71f7ebc35a73.pdfCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of TehranWoman in Development & Politics2538-312410220120621Evaluation of Women’s Awareness of Family Laws and Analysis of Information Gap (Case study: female students of Isfahan University)Evaluation of Women’s Awareness of Family Laws and Analysis of Information Gap (Case study: female students of Isfahan University)1271402869110.22059/jwdp.2012.28691FAVahidGhasemiFatemehOmraniyanJournal Article19700101Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory of awareness gap. The study was conducted by three methods: Documentary, survey, and qualitative. Statistical society included all female students at the University of Isfahan and the statistical sample size was 384 students who were selected by quota and assessed by questionnaires. The data were analyzed through SPSS and the results indicate that there is no significant relationship between students’ use of written media and their legal awareness. Therefore the theory of awareness gap based on the reason that ‘people who have higher social-economic position are more aware of their rights because they use written media more than those who have lower social-economic position’ was rejected. In general girl students’ awareness of their legal rights in the family was not considerable.Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory of awareness gap. The study was conducted by three methods: Documentary, survey, and qualitative. Statistical society included all female students at the University of Isfahan and the statistical sample size was 384 students who were selected by quota and assessed by questionnaires. The data were analyzed through SPSS and the results indicate that there is no significant relationship between students’ use of written media and their legal awareness. Therefore the theory of awareness gap based on the reason that ‘people who have higher social-economic position are more aware of their rights because they use written media more than those who have lower social-economic position’ was rejected. In general girl students’ awareness of their legal rights in the family was not considerable.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_28691_24fe092fd7cf957effd986a4f6f09e78.pdf