Ehsan Rahmani; Esmat Hosseini
Abstract
This study addresses the question "What causes moral issues in luggage transport and what are the consequences for transporter women and their families?”, with an interpretive approach and qualitative methodology, by data collection to theoretical data saturation by 50 half-structured interviews ...
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This study addresses the question "What causes moral issues in luggage transport and what are the consequences for transporter women and their families?”, with an interpretive approach and qualitative methodology, by data collection to theoretical data saturation by 50 half-structured interviews conducted among 30 transporter women and 20 experts who have been assigned through targeted and snowball sampling. The data are analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory. In open coding, 96 concepts and 917 conceptual implications, in axial coding, 26 categories, and in the selective coding, the core category of "immorality/ morality" were determined. Respondents have assessed baggage transport with positive consequences of adherence to moralities and maintaining a decent life, and negative consequences of immorality, prostitution, and wrong judgment about all transporter women. In the grounded model, Mental and family problems, lack of job opportunities, failure to address the poor, financial need, inevitability, providing living expenses and creating prosperity were considered as causal conditions. Travel and transportation costs, the difficulty of transportation, route and shopping, customs and railways violation of law, administrative and government corruption, contextual conditions, women withholding facts, moral insecurity, Prostitution boom in Qeshm, favorable context of the immoral issues were considered as interfering conditions in the moral consequences of luggage transport process.
Shayesteh Karamkhani; alieh shekarbeigi; Ehsan Rahmani
Abstract
Natural disasters do not affect on an involved population equally. female-headed households are one of the most vulnerable social groups in critical situations. The way women deal with critical situations is highly related to cultural backgrounds, power mechanisms and gender-related issues.On the other ...
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Natural disasters do not affect on an involved population equally. female-headed households are one of the most vulnerable social groups in critical situations. The way women deal with critical situations is highly related to cultural backgrounds, power mechanisms and gender-related issues.On the other hand, women's "agency" is also important in this encounter. The present article describes the lived experience of female-headed households from earthquakes with the aim of providing a theoretical model of the "women's empowerment process in crisis". This research is of qualitative type with "Granded Theory" method and interpretive-constructivist paradigm. Field data were collected by theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with 15 women heads of households in eight earthquake-stricken areas of Kermanshah, including Salas Babajani, Sarpol-e-Zahab and etc.,up to theoretical saturation. Finally, the data were coded and analyzed with 363 concepts, 20 major categories and the core category of "intensification of disabled social foundations". The phenomenon of "Ability poverty and the threat of opportunities" caused by the value systems and repressive ideologies that govern women, the weakness of crisis management, the region deprivation and lack of knowledge that led to strategies of resilience and active action, compromise and so on .Helplessness , the challenge of power, the threat and insecurity, the feeling of abandonment, the physical and psychological damage, and the challenge of children are the consequences of the phenomenon.(The paradigmatic model of theory is presented) The results show that the process of "empowering"of female-headed households in disasters depends on conditions such as opportunities to be accessible through supportive structures, and barriers and deterrents are not so threatening and powerful as to prevent opportunities and lead to deprivation. Women should also consider themselves "agency".
