Zahra Rezaeinasab; Ali Feizolahi; Maryam Keshavarz
Abstract
Marriage is one of the three milestones in human life, i.e. birth, marriage, and death. Marriage is related to changes in a person's view of himself, his wife, and the world. A person who gets married is affected by changes in personal and social fields. Therefore, if an important disturbance occurs ...
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Marriage is one of the three milestones in human life, i.e. birth, marriage, and death. Marriage is related to changes in a person's view of himself, his wife, and the world. A person who gets married is affected by changes in personal and social fields. Therefore, if an important disturbance occurs in a person's marriage, all his personal, interpersonal, and social processes will be affected. The social developments of the past decades at the global level have faced the family system with new and diverse changes, challenges, issues, and needs. During this period, the family has been increasingly under threat due to multiple and complex factors. When the functions of the family, such as biological, social, cognitive, and emotional functions are damaged one after another, its members gradually lose their sense of satisfaction. The gradual decrease in the satisfaction of the family members first causes psychological dissociation, then social dissociation, and finally, a legal event, which is called divorce. Divorce is one of the factors of breaking up and disintegrating the family unit, which can have many consequences for people in society. Nowadays, virtual social networks play a role as one of the most important factors in many divorces and disturbances in couples' relationships. The purpose of this research is to study how marital life changes and breaks up through virtual social networks from the perspective of divorced women in Ilam City. The research paradigm is constructive and interpretive; The research approach is qualitative and the research strategy is phenomenology. Thematic analysis and Brown and Clark's framework have been used for data analysis. Of course, it should be mentioned that two types of methods in phenomenology, i.e. interpretation and explanation, have been used to analyze the results. The studied community includes all the divorced women of Ilam City who have had the experience of using virtual social networks. How to choose the subjects to be studied are based on purposeful sampling. The number of samples until the theoretical saturation stage was estimated to be 15 people. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. This research was done to answer three important questions. How do divorced women understand, define, and interpret family and marital relations? How do virtual networks become the basis for breaking up and transforming marital relations? What are the most important virtual social networks used by women that have been effective in breaking up relationships? In this research, the understanding, definition, and subjective meaning of divorced women from family and marital relationships in the form of 4 categories "family as a system", "unfavorable image of family", "difference between previous interpretations and existing reality" and "fatalistic attitude" became. The results of the research showed that the evolution and breakup of married life can be analyzed and investigated from the point of view of divorced women in the form of main themes including "creating cocoons of loneliness", "separation from kinship networks", "individual injuries", "destructive", "Instrument of family dysfunction", "consumption display", and "virtual networks as the transformation of value system".In this research, the most important social networks used by divorced women, which have been effective in creating coldness and eventually breaking the relationship in these families, are, respectively: Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, and YouTube. In the current research and based on the statements of divorced women, it can be concluded that virtual social networks have played a role in marital dissatisfaction. The Elamite society and culture and consequently the people in the family institution have been affected by these communication technologies. It seems that virtual social networks cannot be interpreted as inherently bad or good, but their impact on the private and social life of people depends on the amount and time of their use, because as the results and women's conversations show, extreme use and In a way, the addiction to these spaces has been effective in changing and breaking relationships between the members of these families. If a context is provided so that family members can find out how to use these spaces to strengthen their family cohesion and bonds, it will also have positive results, but non-interactive uses of this space will lead to rejection and social isolation of people in the family and Society has created. At the end of the research and according to the obtained results, research and practical suggestions have been presented.
Sociology
ali feizolahi
Abstract
Introduction: Domestic violence is observed in all societies, in all social groups and classes, and numerous reports have confirmed that it is a problem in Iran. Some sociologists have tried to explain such a situation from the perspective of gender socialization, and some have considered it as ...
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Introduction: Domestic violence is observed in all societies, in all social groups and classes, and numerous reports have confirmed that it is a problem in Iran. Some sociologists have tried to explain such a situation from the perspective of gender socialization, and some have considered it as a product of the patriarchal system and oppression against women. Some people consider problematizing of this problem to be more due to the perception and understanding of the society and important social groups. Therefore, knowing the quality and quantity of the problem, requires conducting research from the perspective of the people involved in that problematized situation.However, the necessity of conducting this research consists of the following: First, the social researches of the last few decades in Iran regarding the phenomenon of domestic violence have mainly been conducted with quantitative approaches, and this research has been conducted with a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory method, which is an appropriate method. Second, presenting a local analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence from the perspective of the women themselves who have experienced violence. Meanwhile, the purpose of this research is to know how women understand the conditions, contexts, and consequences of domestic violence in their lives.Method: The research is qualitative and based on the method of grounded theory. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling method with the criterion of theoretical saturation among violent married women who referred to positive life centers of the Behzisti Organization in Ilam. The Acceptance criteria were used for accreditation and reliability was achieved through auditing method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 of the battered married women and coding were performed using Nvivo12 software.Findings: In the data analysis and in the process of open coding, 288 meaningful statements and 160 primary concepts were obtained, by combining the concepts, 48 subcategories and 21 main categories were extracted, and by using the categories derived from the research, and by discovering lied meanings. In the interviews, the results have been analyzed and presented based on the paradigm model.Findings indicate the role of family factors such as stressful interaction, status imbalance; Social factors such as carnival-like encounters with marriage; Cultural factors such as patriarchal perceptions. Women's reactions have been largely passive, and the consequences have been the normalization of the role of passive victim for women.Discussion: Comparing the research findings with the theories of thinkers containing similarities and convergences, including in areas such as: "violence as a learned thing" and "learned helplessness of women causing women's passive reactions" (social learning theory), "violence against women is a product of long traditions The domain of male domination and patriarchy" (feminist perspective), "violence as a consequence of ignoring and justifying violence against women" (theory of condescending attitudes) and also the theory of the integrated ecological model are in theoretical comparison. In the selective coding of this research, it has led to the selection of two core research categories, which means that in the first degree.Domestic violence against women is the product of women's experienced helplessness, which, in conjunction with the second core category, which is patriarchal ideas, and the combination and convergence of these two, leads to the establishment, stabilization, reproduction and continuation of a subculture of domestic violence against women, and passive reactions. Against this, women help the normalization process of this particular kind of abnormality.In other words, this special type of "learned helplessness" as well as normalizing the role of "passive victim" for women, is pregnant with the mechanisms that foster semantic justifications and prepare cultural bases for the acceptance of domestic violence against women, and it deepens ideological justifications charged with the components of patriarchal culture. It helps in the studied society.The final result of this process can be analyzed under the core category of the research entitled "Domestic violence against women is a product of the combination of women's experienced helplessness and patriarchal ideas", which is the result of family management in the context of preserving the functions of patriarchal tradition along with the structural transmission of violence in It is a cultural mechanism based on gender socialization. In other words, domestic violence is the result of family management in the context of preserving the functions of the patriarchal tradition, along with the structural transmission of violence in the cultural mechanism and based on gender socialization, which fosters forms of subculture of violence that have extensive negative consequences for women, their children and society.
ali feizolahi
Abstract
Verbal harassment is a form of street harassment in particular and a form of violence against women in general in which the women in different societies, including Iran, experience in different ways and endanger their psychological, mental and objective security. Its adverse effects on ...
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Verbal harassment is a form of street harassment in particular and a form of violence against women in general in which the women in different societies, including Iran, experience in different ways and endanger their psychological, mental and objective security. Its adverse effects on women's social activity and the induction of an environment saturated with insecurity make it necessary for them to study women's experience in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons and contexts of street harassment, coping strategies and the consequences of this type of harassment of female students in urban spaces using the research method of grounded theory using semi-structured interview technique and the data obtained. Using the features of Maxqda quality data analysis software, the 2018 version has been analyzed. In the open coding stage, 298 meaningful statements and 97 basic concepts were obtained. In the axial coding stage, 45 subcategories and 20 axial categories were identified by combining the concepts, and by understanding the implications of the concepts and categories, the core category was explored. The results of the study indicate "learned inability" and the habituation of the role of "passive victim" for girls, which helps to strengthen the contexts and conditions full of components of patriarchal culture. The overall output of the research should be analyzed under the core category of research, namely, "the ritualization of women's repression and silence", which cultivates forms of deviant subculture.
