Rural Development
Jafar Yaghoubi; Parisa Najafloo; Elaheh Haghverdi
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to study different aspects of self-employment among the agricultural female students in University of Zanjan. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior female students in agriculture faculty of Zanjan University in 2014-2015 academic year (N= 135). ...
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The main purpose of this research was to study different aspects of self-employment among the agricultural female students in University of Zanjan. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior female students in agriculture faculty of Zanjan University in 2014-2015 academic year (N= 135). According to Cochran's formula, 63 students were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire. Validity of the instrument was confirmed by a panel of faculty members and experts of the field. The reliability was determined by pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.71-0.88). The results of this study showed that the most important priority for employment was cooperative work, self-employment and recruitment. The most important motivation for self-employment was greater prosperity, freedom and flexibility to work and use all the knowledge, skills and their ideas. Most students tend to agricultural employment in the service section. The self-employment requirements included: need of financial capital, benefiting from specialized training and experience in the field to set up business on one’s own way. Using exploratory factor analysis, barriers to female students self-employment in agriculture were summarized into seven factors including: supporting law and gender barriers, agricultural risks and weaknesses in communication skills, physical weakness and knowledge, attitude and security, tendency to indolence and failure to taking risk in employment, lack of technical and management skills and lack of facilities. These factors explained 74.34% of barriers to female students' self-employment in agriculture.
Entrepreneurship
Asef Karimi; Ahmad Reza Ghasemi; Esmaiel Shabani Nejad
Abstract
At present, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation are considered as a competitive advantage in organizations. Emotional intelligence process plays a critical role in the formulation and activation of entrepreneurial orientation of firms and organization. Therefore, this paper aims at studying ...
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At present, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation are considered as a competitive advantage in organizations. Emotional intelligence process plays a critical role in the formulation and activation of entrepreneurial orientation of firms and organization. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the impact of emotional intelligence on the entrepreneurial orientation of female university students with the moderating effect of cognitive style. To gather data, questionnaires were distributed among a sample of 290 female students in Farabi College of Tehran University. The results showed that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Also the moderating effect of cognitive style on the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation of female students was confirmed.
Women's Studies
Omolbanin Chaboki
Abstract
Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the ...
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Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the role of university reference groups in college students' political attitudes according to gender differences. This descriptive- analytic study was carried out using survey method. The statistical society is comprised of all the undergraduate, master's and PhD students at University of Tehran. 400 students (226 boys and 174 girls) were selected through availability sampling. Students have responded to a researcher- made questionnaire. The main hypothesis of this study is: there exists gender differences in relationship between the level of interaction with the reference group (including college professors, student organizations and the university students) and students’ political attitudes (in three dimensions: cognitive, affective and action). For data analysis, SPSS was used. The results showed that there are gender differences in all three dimensions of political attitudes. The findings also suggest that university friends and then college professors have the most important role in changing political attitudes of the students.
Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh; Asieh Arhami
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Abstract
Nowadays, novel is the most dominating genre in literature. Concerning the advocates and proponents of novel, women’s share either as the writer or the reader is ever so increasing. It is such that some rhetoricians speak about a feminizing literature. This article is an attempt to deal with these ...
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Nowadays, novel is the most dominating genre in literature. Concerning the advocates and proponents of novel, women’s share either as the writer or the reader is ever so increasing. It is such that some rhetoricians speak about a feminizing literature. This article is an attempt to deal with these aspects. Unfortunately, in the domain of the Iranian novel reading, there are no exact and proper statistics available, so the findings of the experiments in this article are the results of sets of students' works concerning the relationship of girls with novels. The results of these researches indicate that women outnumber men in reading novels and of course there is no meaningful difference between the rate of reading novels between male and female students. The most frequent reason for reading novels is to gain new experiences and to become familiarized with the world and new characters.
