Neda Nasr; Ali Mohammad Naemi
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the relationship between feminism tendencies, self- objectification, thin ideal internalization and gender identity in female students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzebvar (2018). This study was conducted by correlation-descriptive method. The population of this ...
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The current study aims to investigate the relationship between feminism tendencies, self- objectification, thin ideal internalization and gender identity in female students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzebvar (2018). This study was conducted by correlation-descriptive method. The population of this study included 1856 female students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzebvar. Using Morgan table, 318 persons were selected through relative stratified random sampling method. The data were collected using Questionnaires of Burgad & Hides Feminism (1991), Neil and Fredrickson's self-objectification (1997), Stick and Grass thin-idealization (1998) and Schertzer, Laufer, Silvera, & Brad McBride Gender identity (2008). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Univariate regression methods in SPSS20. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between feminist tendencies and self- objectification; but there was a significant negative correlation with thin ideal internalization and a significant positive relationship with Gender identity. In addition, it was found that feminism tendencies accounted for about 5.4% of the variance in thin ideal internalization and 5.6% of the variance in Gender identity. Therefore, increase in feminism tendencies can reduce thin ideal internalization and increase the Gender identity of female students.
Women's Studies
Maryam Rafatjah; Abu Ali Vedadhir; Shiva Alinaqian
Abstract
The experiences of women from mothering are influenced by various living conditions and identities which are socially, economically and politically constructed. This paper reviews the viewpoints of different feminist epistemologies about the issue of “mothering” in terms of theory and practice ...
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The experiences of women from mothering are influenced by various living conditions and identities which are socially, economically and politically constructed. This paper reviews the viewpoints of different feminist epistemologies about the issue of “mothering” in terms of theory and practice in order to understand the meanings, assumptions, and implications associated with it, and to find out the historical and theoretical changes of this issue and its impact on political trends and historical transformations. This study based on a historical review of mothering in feminist theory, indicates three paradigms: 1) paradigm of rejection and essentialism including radical and liberal feminism linked to some concepts such patriarchy, oppression and dependence; 2) paradigm of phenomenology including third wave feminism, black feminism, and post-colonial feminism focusing on life experiences and differences; and 3) paradigm of activism, pressure and social change resulted from the theory of maternal thinking and empowered mothering by protesting the discursive patterns of mothering. This introduces restoring authority and legitimacy in mothers and considers the creative and subversive ways of cognition and knowledge in mothering, which can lead to social changes, a widespread development of peace and a more humane world.
Qaesm Zaeri
Abstract
Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism ...
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Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism of Western political customs, especially in the liberal debate of ‘public order’. In this debate, liberal theorists treat the ‘family’ as a part of a ‘personal sphere’ or a ‘strictly private area,’ and thus, by taking this stance, drive it out from the attention of public debate and legislation; the result of which, being that it leads to the perfect breeding ground for male dominance and for the fostering of unfair relations.This paper, reviewing the aforementioned standpoint, illustrates that ‘family’, has been subject to legislation in Muslim society since the emergence of Islam, and an abundance of rules and laws have been created in order to establish healthy and just relations and protect women's rights. Indeed, from the viewpoint of Islam, the family structure has been created on the basis of affection, and specific rules have been formed for regulating this important establishment.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2006
Abstract
"Gender role" is one of the fundamental terms in gender-related discussions. In recent decades the social scientists and in particular the feminists have investigated the formation of gender roles and as a result, several theories have been formed to explain this phenomenon. Having reviewed a set of ...
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"Gender role" is one of the fundamental terms in gender-related discussions. In recent decades the social scientists and in particular the feminists have investigated the formation of gender roles and as a result, several theories have been formed to explain this phenomenon. Having reviewed a set of most important micro and macro theories of gender roles, this article offers a multi-factor explanation in this regard, consistent with Islamic teachings. In this explanation, different biological, psychological and sociological factors have been accounted for, thus the contribution of each and the relations among them have been discussed. The most important conclusion of this discussion is to confirm the influence of natural sex differences on formation of gender roles while avoiding deterministic analysis of this hypothesis.
Volume 3, Issue 2 , September 2005
Mahmoud Ketabi; Behjat Yazkhasti; Zahra Farokhi Rastabi
Volume 1, Issue 7 , November 2003
Abstract
Empowerment is a multi-staged process in which women’s growing awareness of their inner needs and wants strengthens their confidence and ability to implement their goals. This research studies the factors related to women’s empowerment. The theoretical framework is women’s empowerment ...
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Empowerment is a multi-staged process in which women’s growing awareness of their inner needs and wants strengthens their confidence and ability to implement their goals. This research studies the factors related to women’s empowerment. The theoretical framework is women’s empowerment for participation in development which has been strongly influenced by feminist thought, particularly liberal feminism. A survey was conducted on 380 women between 20 to 25 years of age residing in Isfahan. The research found that higher education level, access to financial resources, better health, legal property rights, eradication of labor market discrimination, and elimination of traditional beliefs contribute to women’s empowerment.
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2003
Abstract
The history of Iranian cinema has links to gender relations. The changes that Iranian cinema has experienced in area of gender are indicator of social evolution. In this study, forms of gender relations in Iranian films can be explained through tradition and modernity. Based on content analysis, this ...
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The history of Iranian cinema has links to gender relations. The changes that Iranian cinema has experienced in area of gender are indicator of social evolution. In this study, forms of gender relations in Iranian films can be explained through tradition and modernity. Based on content analysis, this research tries to follow conditions of modernity in Iranian society by searching the quality of representing gender relations in Iranian cinema after the Islamic revolution.
The main hypothesis of this research is that gender relations in Iranian cinema after the revolution have changed from patriarchal to more egalitarian ones. The theoretical framework in the research is the liberal feminism theory. The theory helps researchers to explain the affinity of feminism and modernity.
Volume 1, Issue 6 , June 2003
Abstract
This article considers women’s struggle as a part of the social movement emphasizing classical and modern perspectives. It also attempts to examine the factors which are inhibiting women, forcing them to call for change of their conditions. In the 90s, social movement thinkers emphasized the interaction ...
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This article considers women’s struggle as a part of the social movement emphasizing classical and modern perspectives. It also attempts to examine the factors which are inhibiting women, forcing them to call for change of their conditions. In the 90s, social movement thinkers emphasized the interaction process in social movements and social structures. In this view, instead of emphasizing strategies, they examined rehabilitation and changes of social identities of group members. Based on the feminist definition of the women’s movement, the need for change is common among all women and emphasis could be made on the demand for change in a framework that creates social sensitivity about women’s issues and their hidden needs. The activist groups of women can be categorized under four groups: 1. Women who are on the fringes of power. 2. Women in mass media. 3. Women at the universities. 4. Women in general. The author considers the basic challenges of Iranian women’s social movement to be: A pretentious backing of women, misconception about feminism, irrelevant support of women, lack of common language and interaction among activists in modern NGOs and traditional groups.
Volume 1, Issue 6 , June 2003
Abstract
Common futures in the definitions of new social movements, allow us to call the ongoing process among Iranian women a “social movement”. This movement is distinguished by women challenging legal inequality among men and women and other deficiencies in different aspects of their life. To understand ...
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Common futures in the definitions of new social movements, allow us to call the ongoing process among Iranian women a “social movement”. This movement is distinguished by women challenging legal inequality among men and women and other deficiencies in different aspects of their life. To understand the goals and principals of the movement, a survey on the attitudes of activists in Iranian women social movement is carried out. The samples are selected from women NGOs. The research findings show an organized move among Iranian women with the goal of improvement in their life. The main futures of the movement are: efforts to decline legal inequalities, fact based evaluation, and concerns on sex differences, without any prejudice. The most and basic problem of Iranian women is legal inequality between men and women which is rooted in cultural values, biased and inferior attitudes of society towards women.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
Globalization is an encompassing phenomenon, which has created challenges for all of humanity. The family, as a social institution, has experienced some transformations brought about by globalization. The issue under study in this paper examines the potential impact of globalization on the family and ...
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Globalization is an encompassing phenomenon, which has created challenges for all of humanity. The family, as a social institution, has experienced some transformations brought about by globalization. The issue under study in this paper examines the potential impact of globalization on the family and the challenges and the opportunities that are created by globalization for today's family. The results of this study point to fact that the family in the era of globalization will continue to survive. However, there will be changes in the family structure and in the relations between family members. The typical nuclear family will experiences transformations, and greater varieties of family types. Additionally, the power structure of patriarchy within families, women's greater awareness, their social participation, employment and education, will transform their status in the family and society. While globalization can have the potential to create opportunities for the eradication of patriarchy and increase of women's rights, it also holds many challenges in the realm of identity and structural relations of family members. As such, it is important to understand globalization in its various dimensions and its possible impact, so that its positive opportunities can be harnessed and its challenges be appropriately addressed.
