nastaran dadkhah; Asghar asgari; ali baseri; fariba mireskandari
Abstract
رحم اجارهای در حال تبدیل شدن به یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای موجود جهت مقابله با ناباروری در زوجهای نابارور است. هدف این تحقیق؛ تشریح تجربه زیسته زنان اجارهدهندۀ ...
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رحم اجارهای در حال تبدیل شدن به یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای موجود جهت مقابله با ناباروری در زوجهای نابارور است. هدف این تحقیق؛ تشریح تجربه زیسته زنان اجارهدهندۀ رحم_ که عموماً از اقشار ضعیف، مطرود و در حاشیه هستند-می‌باشد. این پژوهش به صورت کیفی با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی انجام گردیده است. مشارکتکنندگان در این تحقیق 33 نفر زن درگیر در پروسه رحم جایگزین در شهر تهراناند که از میان آنها 14 نفر اجارهدهنده رحم بودهاند. نمونه گیری در این پژوهش تا زمان حصول اشباع نظری ادامه یافته است و از سوژهها با استفاده از تکنیکهای مصاحبه پدیدارشناسانه، اطلاعات لازم به دست آمده است. همچنین برای تحلیل دادهها از تکنیک تحلیل سه مرحلهای گراندد تئوری استفاده شده است. زنان گیرنده جنین یا اجارهدهنده رحم، عموماً از ضعیفترین اقشار اجتماعی هستند و به طور کلی این زنان، سرپرست خانوار هستند. آنها عموماً در مناسبات حاکم بر تولید فرزند، یک نقش منفعلانه را ایفا میکنند و با آنان به مثابه یک کالا/شی یا ظرف حامل جنین برخورد میشود. تحقق امر، مستلزم انسانزدایی از آنها و سلطه همهجانبه بر کلیه ابعاد زیستی‌شان می‌باشد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که مناسبات حاکم، مجموعه قوانین و کیفیت سلطه، زنان گیرنده جنین را در موقعیتی تحت نظارت و قرار داده است. همچنین با توجه به شمار بسیار بالای متقاضیان زنان اجارهدهنده رحم، در صورت عدم وضع قوانین حمایتی شاهد گسترش این روابط و شدت یافتن سطح بهرهکشی از زنان خواهیم بود.
Mahdi Taleb; Ahmad Firouz Abadi; Sedigheh Piri
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 135-153
Abstract
Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research ...
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Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research aims to study the social and cultural causes of women’s poverty through the qualitative approach based on Grounded theory. In this research, sampling has been done purposively. Participants who were interviewed as a group in this research included housewives, women householders and young girls under the aegis of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questions of this research were: what have been the determinants of poverty from the view of rural girls and women? What have been their individual strategies to tackle the problem of poverty? What have been the aftermaths? The Findings of this study showed that social ignorance, clan clashes, preference to men in the family, fatalism, intergenerational poverty, highly populated families, educational limitations, unemployment and imposed war and its aftermath have been the reasons of poverty from the view points of participants. The result showed that cultural and social factors are important causes of poverty.
Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi; Alireza Sadeghi
Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2010
Volume 1, Issue 5 , April 2003
Abstract
Development is the ultimate goal that any country attempts to achieve. The basic values of sustainable development lie on enhancing people’s quality of life leading to women’s and men’s empowerment. One of the ways that influences development of men and women is women’s equal access, equality ...
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Development is the ultimate goal that any country attempts to achieve. The basic values of sustainable development lie on enhancing people’s quality of life leading to women’s and men’s empowerment. One of the ways that influences development of men and women is women’s equal access, equality of opportunity as compared to men, attaining economic security and alleviation of their poverty. These issues are more tangible in the case of female-headed households. This article presents the findings of a survey research on the opportunities and challenges encountered by female-headed households. 4280 samples were taken in a field research of women heads of households in five provinces of Iran. A review of the development, poverty, gender empowerment measures has to take place. The information gathered indicates severe poverty among women. The reviews of development and poverty indicators as well as women’s empowerment measures for women heads of households is very high and approximately equivalent to 0.527, in comparison to the same indicator for the whole country being equivalent to 0.193. Female-headed households constitute 8.4 percent of the total households in Iran. The main reasons of their responsibility as heads of households are disability of men to work (42% of cases) and death of spouse (36%).
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2003
Abstract
New poverty paradigm considers the reasons for deprivation of
female headed households: gender and lack of access to resources. This paradigm conveys the urgency and need for raising the question of "whether female headed households are the poorest of the poor?" The goal of this paper is to examine ...
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New poverty paradigm considers the reasons for deprivation of
female headed households: gender and lack of access to resources. This paradigm conveys the urgency and need for raising the question of "whether female headed households are the poorest of the poor?" The goal of this paper is to examine whether this generalization holds true in the case of Iran. Available national macro statistics on an absolute poverty and relative poverty in the period of 1370-1380 (1991-2001) have been analyzed and examined for the purpose of this research. The main findings indicate that women are at increased risk of poverty and that the poverty rate of female headed households is higher than the poverty rate of male headed households, but the gap between the two groups has diminished. While the poverty rate of female headed households in urban areas has decreased, uneducated and low literate female headed households remain at high risk of poverty. Also, the study indicates that as the number of income earners in these families increase, the likelihood of poverty in the poorest segments of this population decreases. Female headed households of Iran, because oflow education levels, small families and fewer numbers of income earners within the family can be classified as the poorest groups living in poverty.
