Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Sociology, Bu Ali Sina University

2 MA of Sociology, Bu Ali Sina University

Abstract

In the past, an attractive and normal woman was characterized by having a fat and large body; nowadays, however, values have changed. Now, women consider having a thin, delicate and elongated body as a value trying so hard to gain such value. Based on social values ascribed to a balanced and normal body, it has become necessary for women to gain this special type of body thereby causing  dissatisfaction of body and its resultant increasing rate of anorexia nervosa among adolescents who are the most vulnerable groups exposed to this eating disorder. The current study aims to consider some social factors associated with anorexia nervosa in girl students of Hamadan high schools. This study was conducted using a questionnaire and surveying a sample of 300 girl students. Findings show that there are direct and positive relationships between anorexia nervosa with social comparison, parents’ normative pressure to thinness, friends’ normative pressure to thinness, media and body mass index variables, but there is a reverse and negative relationship between anorexia nervosa with body image variable. Also, friends’ normative pressure to thinness (beta=.24) and body mass index (beta = .13) variables were shown to be effective factors in explaining anorexia nervosa in studying the girl students.

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] آزاده، حسین (1384). اختلالات خوردن (بی‌اشتهایی روانی و پر‌اشتهایی روانی)، فصل‌نامۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، ش 2، ص 151ـ169.
[2] آقا‌یوسفی، علیرضا و دیگران (1386). روان‌شناسی عمومی، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور.
[3] احمدنیا، شیرین (1384). جامعه‌شناسی بدن و بدن زن، فصل زنان، ش 5، تهران.
[4] بهرامی احسان، هادی (1381). «بهداشت روانی در قرن بیست و یکم و چالش‌های پیش رو»، مجلۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، س 32، ش اول، ص 181ـ199.
[5] حیدری (1384). «میزان شیوع اختلالات تغذیه و رابطۀ آن با عزت نفس، خودپنداره و افسردگی در دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام»، دانش و پژوهش در روان‌شناسی، ش 26، ص 1ـ16.
[6] دژکام، محمود؛ نوبخت، مینو (1377). «همه‏گیر‌شناسی اختلالات خوردن در دانش‌آموزان دختر سال دوم دبیرستان‌های شهر تهران»، پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
[7] رضایی، احمد؛ اینانلو، مینا؛ فکری، محمد (1387). «مدیریت بدن و ارتباط آن با عوامل اجتماعی در بین دختران دانشگاه مازندران»، مطالعات راهبردی زنان، س 12، ش 47، ص 141ـ163.
[8] سلیمی، علی؛ داوری، محمد (1386). جامعه‌شناسی کج‌رَوی، تهران: پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، چ 4.
[9] شمس‌الدین، سعید؛ عزیز‌زاده فروزی، محمد و دیگران (1388). «ارتباط تصویر ذهنی از بدن با اختلالات خوردن»، پژوهش پرستاری، 4 (15)، ص 33ـ43.
[10] صفوی، محبوبه؛ محمودی، محمود؛ روشندل، اعظم (1388). «بررسی تصویر ذهنی از جسم و ارتباط آن با اختلالات خوردن در دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز»، مجلۀ علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دورۀ 19، ش 2، ص 129ـ134.
[11] عباس‌زاده، محمد؛ علیزاده اقدم؛ محمدباقر؛ مختاری، مرضیه (1392). «سنجش میزان اختلالات خوردن و ارتباط آن با هوش هیجانی (مطالعۀ موردی دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه تبریز)»، زن در توسعه و سیاست، دورۀ 11، ش 2، تابستان، ص 237ـ252.
[12] فاتحی، ابوالقاسم؛ اخلاصی، ابراهیم (1387). «مدیریت بدن و رابطۀ آن با پذیرش اجتماعی بدن (مطالعۀ موردی زنان شهر شیراز)»، مطالعات راهبردی زنان (کتاب زنان)، دورۀ 11، ش 41 (مسائل دختران)،‌ ص 9ـ42.
[13] مهدوی، محمدصادق؛ عباسی اسفنجیر، علی‌اصغر (1389). «بررسی تمایل به مدیریت بدن و کنترل اندام و عوامل مؤثر بر آن»، فصل‌نامۀ جامعه‌شناسی جوانان، س اول، ش اول،‌ ص 131ـ144.
[14] Bandura, A. (1986). “Social foundation of thought and action: A Social Cognitive theory”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: prenticehall. 69.
[15] Boota, R.A (2003). “for your health? The relationship between magazine reading and adolescents, body image and eating disturbance”, Sex Roles, Vol.48, Nos. 9/10, PP 389-399.
[16] Buttom, E. J, Marshal, P.M., Shinkwin, R., Black, S. and Plamer, P.L.(1996). ”One hundred referrals to eating and eating disorders service”, European Eating Review,5, PP 47-63.
[17] Coming S.F, Kruman, A. J. & Smitham, L.A. (2005). ”Differential social comparison processes in women with and without eating disorder symptoms”, Journal of counseling psychology, 54.
[18] Derenne. L. Jenifer, Beresin V. Eugene. (2006). Body Image, Media, and Eating Disorders, Academic Psychiarty, PP 257-261.
[19] Desmond S. M, Price. J.H, Gray, N. & Ocnnell, J.K. (1986). “The etiology of adolescents’ perception of their weight”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, PP 461-474.
[20] Dittmar, H., Blaney, M. (1996). “Women self-reported eating disorders and their response to food and non-food television advertisements”, European Eating Review, 9, PP 84-97.
[21] Ferris, Kerry and Stein, Jill. (2010). The real world, New York: Norton and Company, 276.
[22] Furnham, Adrian &, Hume- whrigh, Anitra. (1992). “Lay theories of Anorexia nervosa”, journal of Clinical psychological, PP 20-36.
[23] Hill, A.J. & Franklin, J.A. (1998). “Mothers, daughters and dieting: investigating the transmission of weight control”, British Journal of Clinical psychology, 37, PP 3- 13.
[24] Gunderson Morley (2012). Macroeconomic Impacts of Canadian Immigration: Results from a Macro-Model. July,IZA DP No. 6743. Peter Dungan.87.
[25] Grogan, Sara. (2008). Body image (Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children), Second edition, Taylor & Franics group, London & Newyork.
[26] Hardey, Micheal. The social context of health, Open University Press, 132.
[27] Heinberg, L.J. & Thompson, J.K. (1992). “Social comparison: Gender, target importance ratings, and relation to body image disturbance”, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality. 7, PP 335-344.
[28] Levine M.P, Smolak L. & Hayden, H. (1994). “the relation of sociocultural factors to eating attitudes and behaviors among middle school girls”, Journal of Early Adolescence. 14. PP 47 1- 490.
[29] Levitt, H.D (2004). “Drive for Thinness and Fear of Fat among College Woman: Implications for practice and Assessment”, journal of college Counseling, Volume 7, PP 109- 117.
[30] Marcello P. Angela. (2000). “The Relationship Among Body Image Dissatisfaction, Disorder Eating Attitudes”, sociocultural factors, gender and grade, Laurentian university, PP 1-83.
[31] Marsh, Ian and Keating, Mike. (2006). Sociology, Pearson Prentice Hall. 290
[32] Martin, M.C., Kennedy, P. (1993). “Advertising and social comparison”, Psychology and Marketing. 10 (6), PP 513-530.
[33] Moore, Elise G. (1986). Affiliation Source: Development Psycholigy, Vol 22 (3), May, PP 317-326.
[34] Nettleton, Sara and Watson, Jonathan. (1998). The body in everyday life. Routledge, 16.
[35] Pike, K.M. (1995). “bulimic symptomatology in high school girls: Toward a model of cumulative risk”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, PP 373- 396.
[36] Pike, K.M. & Borovoy A. (2004). “The rise of Eating disorders: Issues of culture and Limitation of the model of westernization”, Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 28: PP 493- 531.
[37] Rodin, J. Streigel-Moore, RH. & Silberstein, L.R. (1990). Vulnerability and Resilience in the age of eating disorders: Risk and protective factors for bulimia nervosa. In J.E. Rolf, A. Master, D. Cicchetti, K. Neuchterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds). Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (PP 361 - 383). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
[38] Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2002). “ A test of objectifiion theory in adolescent girls”, Sex Roles, 46, PP 343-349.
[39] Strickland, A. (2004). “Body image and self – esteem: A study of relationship and comparisons between more and less physically active college women”, The Florida State University, PP 1-84.
[40] Thompson, K., Heinberg, L., Altabe, M. & Tantleff- Dunn, S (1999). Exacting Beauty: Theory, Assessment and Treatment of Body Image Disturbance Washington DC: American Psychological Association. 23.
[41] Wertheim, E.H., Paxon ,S.J., Schutz , H.K. and Muir, S.l. (1997). “Why do adolescent girls watch their weight”, Journal of Psychosomatic Research ,42(4), PP 345-355.
[42] Yager, M. (2007). Body image, Body dissatisfaction, dieting, and disordered eating and exercise behaviors of trainee physical education teachers, university of Sydney.165.
[43] Brumberg, Joan.B (1988). fasting Girl. Harvard University Press.
[44] Malson, Helen (1999). “Women under Erasure: Anorexic Bodies in Post Modern Context”, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 159-9: 137.