Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Economic, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. Iran.
2 Department of Accounting, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. Iran.
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of some socio-economic factors on income, savings and employment status during the outbreak and spread of covid-19 based on gender segregation, between two groups of women and men using data from Mashhad-Iran. In this article, the data was collected by questionnaire method and the regressions related to the status of income, savings and employment were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the research includes 1093 people, of which 523 are women and 570 are men. We aim to fill this gap in the literature and examine the effects of Covid-19 on gender inequality in income, savings and employment status using rich micro-data from a survey. This survey was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic in September 2021. Considering that such a research has not been done in Iran so far, and in similar foreign researches, the effect of variables such as loans and socio-economic class has not been examined, in this respect the present research is innovative. Due to the fact that this disease has caused the most damage to the service sector, especially tourism services, and the economy of Mashhad is also dependent on this sector, therefore, in a case study, the effects of Corona on the economy of Mashhad city were investigated. It was given so that by identifying the effective factors in the reduction of income, savings and the worsening of the job situation and providing solutions, it is possible to get out of the existing situation in times of crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic provided in the shortest possible time. The results after the regression analysis at the 95% confidence level indicate that older people, tenants and households with more members have experienced a decrease in income and savings, and men are more affected than women. By improving the income class, education and socio-economic status, it is possible to reduce the damage caused by Corona, and in this context, the reduction in the damage of women is more than that of men. Therefore, it is in line with the researches of Palano et al. (2020), McGee et al. (2022), Biland et al. (2022), Dang (2020), Chi Bucari et al. (2020) and Ehlert (2021). Among different jobs, self-employed jobs were more damaged by Corona than government and salaried jobs. These results are supported considering that the major part of Mashhad's economy is services and generally tourism services, because according to the announcement of the relevant institutions, such as the Central Bank and the Tourism and Cultural Heritage Organization, this sector is the most damaged. It has suffered from the corona epidemic. Therefore, it is logical that the people who have been working in this sector, which are generally related to freelancers and salaried workers in the private sector, have experienced the most damage. The great desire to be employed in government jobs can be for the same reason. This issue is another innovation in the current research that was not observed in similar foreign researches, and due to the importance of employment in the private and public sector in Iranian society, it was discussed in this field. In this regard, occupational injuries and losses have been more in women than in men. Therefore, it can be stated that working women have more vulnerable jobs than working men, and when crises such as the Covid-19 epidemic crisis occur, they will suffer more occupational damage than men.
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