Abstract
The market for skilled labor in Iran suffers from a severe gender imbalance in terms of both supply and demand, impacting women negatively. While there has been increased access to higher education for women, which has in turn impacted the rate of availability of skilled women, a lack of gender balance persists. First, while women have had increased access to higher education (in terms of numbers rather than quality), are still graduating at lesser rates than men, are under-represented in some technical courses, suffer from lack of access to certain fields, and are under¬represented in training and education sectors beyond the bachelors level (i.e., the Masters and PhD levels). Second, women face certain obstacles and challenges in the labor market, such as inequality in their level of activity and participation and rate of employment. Additionally, there are obstacles and challenges in the demand for women's skilled labor in the market. Horizontal and vertical employment diversity, stemming from structural, cultural, and political perspectives, can only be corrected through appropriate policies and institutional changes in the country
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