Fatemeh Torabi; Sajad Mesgarzadeh
Abstract
Increased rate of unemployment and growth of divorce are instances of a risky society that can affect women and men’s decisions about family formation. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the indicators of risky society and the mean age at first marriage among women and ...
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Increased rate of unemployment and growth of divorce are instances of a risky society that can affect women and men’s decisions about family formation. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the indicators of risky society and the mean age at first marriage among women and men in Iran. The paper uses the district-level data from the 2011 Iranian census. The results show that these indicators explain a considerable proportion of district-level differences in age at marriage (51% of the variation in the mean age at first marriage of men and 38% of the variation in the mean age at first marriage of women). In particular, economic indicators (i.e. unemployment rate and unemployment rate among highly educated people) have the greatest positive impact on the mean age at first marriage among both men and women. Furthermore, among factors measuring the risk of marriage breakdown, the percentage of divorced men has a positive impact on the mean age at first marriage among both sexes. Thus, actions towards job creation and higher stability of marriage can be expected to reduce the risk factors associated with marriage and facilitate its formation.
economics
Zahra Afshari
Abstract
Using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in Iran for the period 2007-2012. The article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in Iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in ...
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Using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in Iran for the period 2007-2012. The article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in Iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. For this purpose, two models; i.e. fertility and gender equality, are estimated. The first model shows that as gender equality (in general, and gender equality in labor market) increases, fertility follows a U shape pattern. The second model confirms a U shape relationship between fertility increase and gender equality (in general and in education). The results show that the transition from very high fertility to replacement-level fertility in Iran has been associated with a rapid shift toward high levels of gender equity in individual institutions such as education but with low levels of equality in market employment, in combination with high level of gender equity within the family and low level of family-oriented institutions.
