economics
zahra rezaeinasab
Abstract
The development of any country depends on the optimal use of all facilities, especially human resources, which is one of the most important and key assets of that country, and undoubtedly the role of specialized human resources is more than others. The purpose of this study is to study the contexts and ...
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The development of any country depends on the optimal use of all facilities, especially human resources, which is one of the most important and key assets of that country, and undoubtedly the role of specialized human resources is more than others. The purpose of this study is to study the contexts and contexts of unemployment formation of female graduates in Ilam city using a qualitative method and in particular the methodological approach of grounded theory. The study population includes all unemployed female university graduates from the period 1390 until now in all university fields in Ilam. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation, and the validity of the findings was provided by confirmation and matching with the opinions of expert judges and key informants. In this study, information was collected through in-depth interviews and semi-structured. Analysis of graduate interviews led to the formation of a conceptual framework in the form of definition and understanding of female graduates of the phenomenon of unemployment, background conditions in the form of "non-institutionalization of work culture", "structural constraints", "tribal culture as a deterrent" Mediating conditions in the form of "managerial weakness", "weakness of human capital", "erosion of social capital".Considering the relationship between the mentioned categories, the category of unbalanced social development was finally selected as the core category.
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl; Mohammad Nasr Isfahani; Elahe Shahparast; Nayereh Tavassoli Abdolabadi
Abstract
Marriage and divorce can be related to economic, sexual and institutional issues that make it easier or more difficult to create or maintain a new married life. In this study, the impact of economic variables on smooth and stochastic trends of marriage and divorce, with emphasis on sexual ratios and ...
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Marriage and divorce can be related to economic, sexual and institutional issues that make it easier or more difficult to create or maintain a new married life. In this study, the impact of economic variables on smooth and stochastic trends of marriage and divorce, with emphasis on sexual ratios and literacy rate control channels has been analyzed using Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and Kalman filter during 1969-2016 in Iran,. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between smooth divorce process and economic variables. Importantly, sexual ratio and literacy rate control channels are the channels that allow for accurate interpretations of unemployment and inflation on the smooth divorce process. In addition, sexual ratio and literacy rate have a positive and significant effect on the smooth marriage process. Therefore, the emphasis on gender-based alerting mechanism and literacy rate planning can have a double and synergic effect on improving the marriage process in Iran. Therefore, shaping family in Iran is particularly influenced by gender control channels (especially sexual ratio) and institutional control channels (especially literacy rates) but the decision to divorce can be influenced by inflation and unemployment in addition to gender and institutional variables.
economics
Zahra Nasrolahi; Ezatollah Lotfi; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
The rate of suicide globally and in Iran is increasing. Suicide destroys human capital and poses huge obstacles for the improvement of women’s health and for the wider public health agenda. The main objectives of this paper is to review the available evidence on suicide in Iran as well as to explore ...
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The rate of suicide globally and in Iran is increasing. Suicide destroys human capital and poses huge obstacles for the improvement of women’s health and for the wider public health agenda. The main objectives of this paper is to review the available evidence on suicide in Iran as well as to explore the underlying causes and reasons for suicidal tendencies among Iranian women. The paper tests whether economic inequality, unemployment, urbanization and the rate of divorce is related to suicide mortality. Using an unbalanced panel of 30 cities for the period 2006-2009 allows us to control for the effect of unobserved factors that may have an impact on suicide rates. The results show that unemployment, inequality, urbanization and divorce rate is significantly associated with female suicide rates. Our results indicate that there is a statistically insignificant positive effect of unemployment, inequality, urbanization and divorce rate on the incidence of suicide. Finally, suicide rates were not sensitive to income levels, divorce rates. The paper suggest the need for further and deeper investigation on other effective indicators.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
The present Iranian labor market is faced with a huge number of people who are seeking work and with insufficient growth of job opportunities, it will entail increasing rate of unemployment. The process of job creation has neither met the demands of the unemployed, nor those of university graduates, ...
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The present Iranian labor market is faced with a huge number of people who are seeking work and with insufficient growth of job opportunities, it will entail increasing rate of unemployment. The process of job creation has neither met the demands of the unemployed, nor those of university graduates, and the country's population as a whole. In this study, a review will be made of the major economic policies at the macro level with their impacts on women's work force in the labor market. Policies such as reducing fertility rate, expansion of education, controlling inflation rate, privatization, and economic growth were analyzed in this study. The findings indicated that while economic growth improves macroeconomic capacities, but unemployment rate is reduced only slightly. The fertility rate has been reduced noticeably in recent years; however, it had minimal impact on women's participation rate. Inflation encourages women to enter labor market. With an increasing number of women graduating from universities,
the labor market will not be able to meet the demands of the female population and in the near future, the country will encounter a new crisis: "The crisis of young unemployed women graduates".
Volume 1, Issue 5 , April 2003
Abstract
The changes in age and sex structure of population as an independent and primary factor- irrespective of other influencing factors- creates imbalance in marital situation of the society. Based on population changes in recent decades in Iran, especially in the period of 1976-1986, there has been a remarkable ...
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The changes in age and sex structure of population as an independent and primary factor- irrespective of other influencing factors- creates imbalance in marital situation of the society. Based on population changes in recent decades in Iran, especially in the period of 1976-1986, there has been a remarkable change in the age and sex structure of population. These structural changes of the population in Iran had different economic, social and cultural impacts in different time periods causing many types of economic and social hindrances in the society. As a consequence, presently we have to deal with over supply of labor and as the result a high rate of unemployment .Other expected impacts in the near future will be imbalance among girls and boys in the marital age groups. This imbalance will result in the increased number of single girls. The aim of this article is to study the issue in the three decades (1956-1986) and to discuss the relationship between changes of population age and sex structure and marital situation in Iran. Also, quantitative impacts of such changes on the future decade will be presented.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2003
Abstract
Women's social and economic participation is considered to be an important development indicator. In developing countries, however, social and cultural factors have limited the opportunity for women's participation in social and economic structures. This paper examines the factors which promote the rate ...
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Women's social and economic participation is considered to be an important development indicator. In developing countries, however, social and cultural factors have limited the opportunity for women's participation in social and economic structures. This paper examines the factors which promote the rate of participation by women in the labor market within the provinces of Iran. The methodology applied is a regression model utilizing panel data. The results indicate; factors influencing the women's participation in the labor market include level of education, the incentive to gain income, and the rate of male unemployment. Negative factors include rural-urban migration (the rate of urbanization), rate of women's unemployment, and the birthrate. The trend of women's participation in the labor market of Iran is V-shaped in which has experienced an upward turn in recent years.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2003
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify indicators that demonstrate the lack of gender balance in the Iranian labor market. Based on a review of the theories on the dual labor market and the distinctions between available
employment options in the first and second sectors, the emergence of
employment ...
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The aim of this paper is to identify indicators that demonstrate the lack of gender balance in the Iranian labor market. Based on a review of the theories on the dual labor market and the distinctions between available
employment options in the first and second sectors, the emergence of
employment opportunities and their implications for women will be examined. The indicators have been identified based on data and official national reports. The findings point to the low level of women's participation, despite the increase in their presence as compared with the past decade, as well as the concentration of women in relatively few economic activities. The results also point to the relatively higher level of unemployment among women, especially young women in urban areas, as compared with men's unemployment level. The gender-based employment indicators in different parts of the country speak of alarming gender imbalances. For example, in Lorestan Province, the rate of women's unemployment in urban areas is 53% and 64.6% in rural areas. In urban areas, the problems of women's unemployment and in rural areas the high rate of male unemployment exist at alarming levels.
Volume 1, Issue 4 , September 2002
Abstract
The findings of model proves the effects of educational levels as the most important factor on the probability of urban women's participation in the labor market .It is predicted , the increase of women's share with higher education (university degrees) will result in an annual increase equal to ...
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The findings of model proves the effects of educational levels as the most important factor on the probability of urban women's participation in the labor market .It is predicted , the increase of women's share with higher education (university degrees) will result in an annual increase equal to 0.5 percent in the rate of urban women's participation in the coming years.
Also, delayed marriages and increased share of unmarried girls in the total female population, is the second important factor. In addition, changes in age structure of the population as well as decreasing trend of purchasing power of the households will help to increase the rate of participation.
The model provides information on the unemployment rate of women and its distinguished impacts on the diminishing rate of women's participation in the labor market.