Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Doctoral student of Women's Studies, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Member of the faculty of Women's Studies Department of Al-Zahra University
3 Assistant Professor,, Department of women and family studies, Faculty of social sciences and economics, Alzahra University,, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Committing suicide is one of the oldest phenomena of human societies, and since it must be studied and understood within the framework of social psychology of each society and its subgroups, so far an important part of social studies of suicide has been focused on suicide in nomadic and rural areas. It is for several years that the significant number of suicides and especially self-immolations of women in the Dishmuk region of Kohkiluyeh and Boye Rahmad provinces has been widely reflected in the media. This research sought to study and investigate suicide in this rural-nomadic area by using the Giorgi's phenomenological qualitative method and with the semi-structured interview tool.
Based on Durkheim's research in the theory of suicide, where he explains social phenomena, he believes that in the context of social phenomena, there will be realities that a person is not able to solve with his own understanding and action. The phenomenon of self-immolation and suicide of women in Dishmuk is also a manifestation of the existing social reality of the region and the manifestation of women's inability to face the existing social realities. Negligence towards the importance of girls' literacy and preventing them from attending schools, marriage at young age and sometimes forced marriage, living with the extended family after marriage despite the adversities that the bride endures, are grounds and causes for this disability. In Hirschi's social control theory, it is also stated that the more a woman's emotional connection and dependence with her family and her attachment, the more her sense of responsibility and therefore the risk of her committing suicide decreases. Therefore, if family life is emotionally calm and peaceful, women will not go for such an action. Robert Merton's Social strain theory also explains that women in the Dishmuk area cannot cope with acceptable social realities as before, because there is a clear conflict between women's goals and demands from life and social realities, as a result, we witness a skewed behavior from them, which has appeared in Dishmuk in the form of a high rate of suicide according to its special cultural biosphere.
In this research, the sample population is targeted and consists of people who have committed suicide unsuccessfully or one of their relatives has committed suicide leading to death. Based on the interviews conducted and understanding of the statements of the interviewees about the causes and contexts of suicide attempts in this region, this research mainly divides the causes of suicide of women in the Dishmuk area based on phenomenological investigations into five main categories: 1) lack of knowledge and life management skills; 2) lack of satisfaction with private life; 3) reaching a feeling of dead end and getting stuck in social life; and 4) the personality and superficiality of some religious beliefs were found.
each of which is elaborated more in the findings section and documented with quotes from the interviewees. Finally, these categories have been compared with the theory of suicide, and the authors have provided suggestions to prevent suicide. In the end, the researchers made suggestions to improve the conditions of the region, including the establishment of girls' dormitories and boarding schools, the establishment of rural girls' high schools, the establishment of a counseling clinic consisting of local psychologists who are fully familiar with the language and culture of the people of the region, Also, based on the low level of development of the region, it is suggested that the development of education levels, skill training and the creation of employment opportunities for men and as a result help their economic independence should be put on the agenda. This can be a very efficient helper for the provision of housing and in solving the mentioned problems caused by harmful coexistence in the joint housing of the extended family. One of the proposals highlighted by the researchers is also the activation of local educated groups in each clan to mediate before marriage, after marriage and at the time of discords and problems because many couples are in unfavorable conditions and have unresolved issues that need help that this help in the context proposed by the researchers in this research is a solution in accordance with the cultural context of the region. Establishing a health center and neurology clinic and providing counseling services.
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