Women's Studies
Marzieh Shakeri HosseinAbad; Zahra Nasrollahi
Abstract
Suicide is a public health concern. The family and society are impacted by the consequences of suicide, despite the fact that it is committed by an individual. Therefore, considering the importance of this phenomenon, researchers have endeavored to investigate factors affecting suicide from various the ...
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Suicide is a public health concern. The family and society are impacted by the consequences of suicide, despite the fact that it is committed by an individual. Therefore, considering the importance of this phenomenon, researchers have endeavored to investigate factors affecting suicide from various the economic and social aspects. While previous research has investigated the impact of a variety of variables on suicide, researchers in Iran have neglected to consider the effect of women’s relative position in various fields with the interpretation of gender equality. According to the available literature, this phenomenon can affect suicide. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to examine the factors that contribute to suicide, with an emphasis on the women’s position compared to men in the education and labor market sectors from 2016 to 2022. In the provinces, the results of this research indicate that the ratio of women to men students has a positive and significant impact on suicide. However, the ratio of women’s economic participation to men due to factors such as increased access to resources for the family and reduced financial stress has a negative and significant impact on suicide. The findings indicate the importance of policymakers’ attention to women’s position in various fields, including education and the labor market.
Hossein Daneshmehr; Kamal Khaleghpanah; Soheyla Zandi Sarabsoure
Abstract
The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality ...
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The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality in education. To this end, we use Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical apparatus as a guide to the formulation of concepts. This research has used the tradition of qualitative method and the thematic narrative analysis method to discover and extract categories in which participatory observation tools and in-depth interviews were used to collect the required data. The field of study is rural areas of Dehgolan with qualitative and purposeful sampling logic in addition to space sampling (large, medium and small villages). It conducted in-depth interviews with 32 women aged 15-35 years in 6 rural settlements. The narrative data were coded and formatted into 78 initial themes, 36 sub-themes, 8 main themes, and one final theme. The main themes of the narratives are: gender socialization, deepening mechanisms of social inequality, material poverty, cultural poverty, inaccessibility of educational centers, early marriage of girls, restriction of women from entering the public sphere and reproduction. The final issue is education as a field of production of gender inequality in rural areas, which has shaped the narrative of the multiple features of women.
economics
Zahra Mila Elmi; Shahyar Zaroki; Sayyedeh Mona Mahdavi Chabok
Abstract
Nowadays, the female participation rate is known as one of the reasons of societies' development. Hence, this study explores some of the effective factors such as education, marital status, age, and female-headed households on female participation probability in labor market. To achieve this goal, by ...
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Nowadays, the female participation rate is known as one of the reasons of societies' development. Hence, this study explores some of the effective factors such as education, marital status, age, and female-headed households on female participation probability in labor market. To achieve this goal, by using micro data of household survey in 2011, which is carried out by the Statistical Center of Iran, Panel Data with Limited Dependent Variable Models is estimated with maximum likelihood approach. Based on the obtained results, in the urban area of Iran, low levels of education (primary and secondary), could not cause the entry of women into the labor market, higher levels of education, however, especially university education, would cause the entry of women into the labor market. Divorced and single women have a positive effect on the probability of female participation rate, but widows have shown to have a negative effect. The relationship between age and the likelihood of participation of women is an inverted U; that is, at a young age, women are more likely to take part in the labor market than middle-age women. Being female-headed households also has a positive effect on the probability of female participation.
Marzieh Mousavi Khamaneh; AbouAli Vedadhir; Nasrin Barzgar
Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2011
Abstract
This article aims to conduct a comparative cross-cultural study of the
educational status of women in terms of different aspects of human and gender development, and its relationship with the health, economic, and political indices. The research covers countries with different degrees of development ...
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This article aims to conduct a comparative cross-cultural study of the
educational status of women in terms of different aspects of human and gender development, and its relationship with the health, economic, and political indices. The research covers countries with different degrees of development in educational indices. The study makes use of quantitative methodological approach, and secondary data analysis (SDA) to draw on the cross-national data of the World Bank and the Human Development Reports. Data analysis, that examines relationship between variables, includes bi-variate and multivariate data analysis methods of Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. This study also enjoys an integrated theoretical approach, bringing together the theory of women empowerment in development, and the theories of liberal feminists. The findings indicate that women’s education not only plays a central role in human development, but also improves gender development especially in the educational and health-related aspects. Despite narrowing down the gender gap between men and women, women’s status has not significantly changed in terms of economic and political participation across different countries or more generally at the international level during 1996-2006 period. Moreover, in all the cases studied, women’s educational indices show higher correlations with health-related indices. The results also demonstrate a considerable improvement in the equal status of men and women in health-related indices and life quality in all the continents, except Africa. However, advancement in educational indices does not necessarily lead to economic and political participation of women. Moreover, weaker correlation between economic and political indices, particularly in less developed countries, is observed.
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2007
Abstract
International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating ...
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International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating poverty, upgrading living standards and stabilizing economy.
The relation between democracy, development and equality is taken for granted thus to realize this it is necessary to conduct structural reformations for increasing women’s participation in political and social life. No doubt supporting women’s role and reinforcing it in the society improves hygiene and health care, enhances level of education, voluntarily controls population growth and generally improves economic growth and equal distribution of benefits.
During the past decades there have been fundamental changes in the role and status of women. Many countries have come to an agreement and reached a consensus on the reduction of gender gap regarding education, healthcare, occupation, and social welfare. Data regarding Iran suggest that although there have been effective attempts in reducing gender gap but still women face many problems. Some of these problems and obstacles are due to pressures and forces of development but a great part of it is related to culture and dominating traditions.
The third five-year development plan is distinguished from other plans in terms of emphasizing on indices and necessities of reducing gender gaps. This study demonstrates that from many aspects there are fewer gaps and gender inequality in many provinces nevertheless this is totally different regarding occupation.
Zahra Roozy Bidgoli
Volume 1, Issue 7 , November 2003
Abstract
Rapid technological and cultural changes of the past two centuries in developed countries and their effects on modernization in other societies, including Iran, have preoccupied many social scientists. This study aims to measure the level of modernity among women who are active in the cultural realm ...
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Rapid technological and cultural changes of the past two centuries in developed countries and their effects on modernization in other societies, including Iran, have preoccupied many social scientists. This study aims to measure the level of modernity among women who are active in the cultural realm (teaching profession). Modernization theories confirm that conditions such as urban dwelling, industrialization, level of education, communication, social participation, socialization patterns, and socio-economic status accelerate modernization. The modem individual believes in science, adapts to new experiences, seeks equality and independence, is achievement-oriented, civil-minded, global and democratic, and takes risks. The study applied secondary data and surveyed women teachers in the city of Tehran. The findings reveal that 72.3% of the instructors are modern-oriented and that education length and social status has a significant relationship with levels of modernity.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2003
Abstract
In the past two decades, the expansion of ethnic identity move¬ments has increased the number of studies examining the social, cultural, and political dynamics of ethnicity. A review of the studies demonstrates that the gender aspect of ethnicity has been largely over-looked and tended to consider gender ...
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In the past two decades, the expansion of ethnic identity move¬ments has increased the number of studies examining the social, cultural, and political dynamics of ethnicity. A review of the studies demonstrates that the gender aspect of ethnicity has been largely over-looked and tended to consider gender as a contextual variable. This article is based on the findings of a survey in four cities of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, to examine the importance of gender attitude in the development of ethnic identity. The hypothesis is that the unequal status of the two ethnic groups (Baluch and Non-Baluch) especially in terms of access to educational opportunities, has resulted in two different attitudes with respect to gender roles. Traditional and relatively modern attitudes of gender have differentiated the two ethnic groups. Additionally, it has impacted the family structure and the social
dynamics within ethnic groups. The analysis of the data attributes many of the differences between groups to differences in the level of education .Other variables, such as different religions, also affect the difference in perspectives and cultural behavior.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2003
Abstract
Women's social and economic participation is considered to be an important development indicator. In developing countries, however, social and cultural factors have limited the opportunity for women's participation in social and economic structures. This paper examines the factors which promote the rate ...
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Women's social and economic participation is considered to be an important development indicator. In developing countries, however, social and cultural factors have limited the opportunity for women's participation in social and economic structures. This paper examines the factors which promote the rate of participation by women in the labor market within the provinces of Iran. The methodology applied is a regression model utilizing panel data. The results indicate; factors influencing the women's participation in the labor market include level of education, the incentive to gain income, and the rate of male unemployment. Negative factors include rural-urban migration (the rate of urbanization), rate of women's unemployment, and the birthrate. The trend of women's participation in the labor market of Iran is V-shaped in which has experienced an upward turn in recent years.
