Women's Studies
Nazanin Bashirimanesh; nasrin ghadamyari; Hadis ahmadi
Abstract
The presence of female managers at management board s has a remarkable and positive effect on the functions and an increase on company's values.Not only because of their special methods on making decisions but also their highly consideration about their responsibilities. So that female ...
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The presence of female managers at management board s has a remarkable and positive effect on the functions and an increase on company's values.Not only because of their special methods on making decisions but also their highly consideration about their responsibilities. So that female managers boost the supervision aspects of boards and help to lower opportunistic behaviour and improve the function and performance of boards as well. So the main goal of this research is investigating the effect of female managers ' performance at boards on comanys' social responsibilities. In order to measuring companies 'social responsibilities content analysis method has been used. sample of 129 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange was tested during the period 2013-2021.
The independent variable is the number women at board combination and the dependent variable is company 's social responsibilities. The conclusions reveal that the presence of female managers at management boards has a meaningful and direct relationship on companies' domestic and international responsibilities.
Physical Education and Sports Science
kamal javanmard; alireza sanatkhah
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons, contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students of the pyame-nour of Kerman in 1399. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and qualitative based on data ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons, contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students of the pyame-nour of Kerman in 1399. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and qualitative based on data method in terms of type of study. The statistical population research includes all students of payame-nour in 1399. The participants in the study were 31 Female students are studying at this university. Targeted sampling method is available. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. To achieve the reliability criterion, three methods have been used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons and the use of audit techniques. Data according to procedure Based on the background theory, they have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding.
Findings: After analyzing the research findings, the categories of economic crisis, social support and social capital as the most important causal conditions, personal management of the body / cultural expectations / sports infrastructure as intervening conditions, healthy lifestyle as the most conditions Background, building infrastructure / environmental security / important motivation of officials as action-interactions and control of violence in society have been identified as the most important consequences of participation in public sports
.Conclusion: Women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of the cultural and social context in society
Ecology
habib Allah Sadeghi; Ali Azizi; Rasoul Sadeghi
Abstract
Gender is recognized as an important factor in protecting the environment. Nevertheless, gender mainstreaming is considered still a secondary option and waste of funds. This study evaluates the impact of the gender gap on the environmental performance of selected countries in the world using the World ...
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Gender is recognized as an important factor in protecting the environment. Nevertheless, gender mainstreaming is considered still a secondary option and waste of funds. This study evaluates the impact of the gender gap on the environmental performance of selected countries in the world using the World Economic Forum data and the clustering k-mean and ordinary least squares regression methods in the framework of population metabolism theory during 2014-2020. The results of spatial clustering showed that South and Center of Africa and South of Asia countries are in cluster 1 with the lowest values of economic participation and opportunity, health and survival, educational attainment, and political empowerment. Therefore, they must first consider the dimensions of educational attainment and health and survival. Cluster 2 with moderate values in South America, East Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe To achieve membership in Cluster 3 as well as Cluster 3 itself in Western Europe, North America, and Australia to further protect the environment must be emphasized these dimensions: economic participation-opportunity and political empowerment of women. In addition, the results of ordinary multivariate Ordinary least Squares regression showed that the dimensions of the gender gap explain 41% of the fluctuations in environmental performance. Thus, it can be said that the instability of environmental performance in Asian, African, and South American countries is due to the gender gap. In addition, the two dimensions of women's educational attainment and political empowerment are the most important components influencing environmental performance.
Entrepreneurship
manouchehr alinejad; seyedeh zynab mosavi; Mehraban Parsamehr
Abstract
In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and family structure, traditional attitudes and gender stereotypes that describe the social structures of countries have a strong impact on the process of women entrepreneurship development. To be considered. ...
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In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and family structure, traditional attitudes and gender stereotypes that describe the social structures of countries have a strong impact on the process of women entrepreneurship development. To be considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the successful entrepreneurial behaviors of women in Yazd. The present qualitative study and the study population are women entrepreneurs in Yazd. In the research sample with 15 women entrepreneurs who were different in terms of age, education, type of profession and marital status were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the interviews. From the results of the analysis, three main themes were obtained. The main theme of constructive interaction with mental and social barriers includes 21 concepts and 5 sub-themes (dominance of patriarchal gender ideology, lack of structural support, stereotype of disbelief in women's ability, economic view of women's work, social short-sightedness). The theme of self-improvement was obtained from 21 concepts and 4 sub-themes (aligning with social norms, proving individual abilities, overcoming self-limitation, observing gender norms). The main themes of reflection positivity were extracted from 9 concepts and 2 sub-themes, positive self-affirmation and action self-belief.
Sociology
Ahmadreza Asgharpourmasouleh; Fariba Firouzi; Gholamreza Sedighouraee
Abstract
Finding and maintaining a job position is influenced by several factors, including gender. Women, especially women who are heads of households, face many concerns in finding and maintaining a job position. This study has focused on participants who are female heads of households and seek help from the ...
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Finding and maintaining a job position is influenced by several factors, including gender. Women, especially women who are heads of households, face many concerns in finding and maintaining a job position. This study has focused on participants who are female heads of households and seek help from the Relief Committee to try to provide a perceptual image of the job search process and the lived experience of this group of women by using the grounded theory method. Findings show that the job opportunities of the women studied in most cases are so eroding and shaky that they can be considered less illuminating for the future of the client. In these women's lives, the challenges that arise in this process outweigh the potential strengths. They suffer from physical and mental exhaustion due to occupational activity beyond the typical retirement ages, and their physical condition will be threatened in the future. In addition, these women face challenges in the workplace that are related to their gender, which makes the workplace unsafe for them. This insecurity makes them reluctant to accept a job position. As a result, the emphasis on sustainable training is one of the effective strategies to improve their situation.
Rural Development
Aliakbar Anabestani; Shokofeh Moamelvand; Mahdi Javanshiri
Abstract
Although development thinkers have always agreed on human excellence in all aspects, in many countries the issue of gender has become a criterion for socio-cultural, economic, political, etc. inequalities, and this is a serious challenge and dilemma in achieving sustainable development. Rural women, ...
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Although development thinkers have always agreed on human excellence in all aspects, in many countries the issue of gender has become a criterion for socio-cultural, economic, political, etc. inequalities, and this is a serious challenge and dilemma in achieving sustainable development. Rural women, on the other hand, ignore women because of their sexual orientation and their empowerment in various fields, while the participation of women of the same male gender can facilitate the process of achieving development. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate gender approaches to sustainable development in villages around the metropolis of Karaj. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of 10 villages located in the central part of Karaj city and from a total of 3987 households living in rural Pri-urban settlements, with the Cochran's formula, the sample size of 228 households was estimated and these individuals were selected by random sampling method. To test the conceptual model of the research and to investigate the effect of research dimensions on sustainable development, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. According to the results, the coefficients of t between the main variables of the study are above 2.58, and there is a significant and direct relationship; Thus, economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions have a positive and significant effect on sustainable development. The value of R2 shows that 96.7% of sustainable development is explained by achieving four dimensions and the economic dimension with a coefficient of 0.88 has a greater effect on other dimensions. Has had a sustainable rural development. Also, the results of the t-test with two independent nodes showed that in the study area, gender type was not effective only in economic and sustainable development indicators, but in three indicators of social, environmental, and institutional, gender type had a significant effect. Therefore, all of these dimensions, in terms of importance and necessity, require well-planned planning and action to improve, and neglecting any of them can improve the process of improving sustainable rural development and the positive role of gender approach in it with many challenges and problems.
Women's Studies
Effat Borna; Hossein Afrasiabi; ahmad kalate sadati; Mahdi Kermani
Abstract
Despite dramatic increases of women in higher education, a significant gap remains in women's socio-economic activities a manifestation of success in life today. This study aims to investigate the barriers and facilitators of success for women. we used a grounded theory approach and semi-structured ...
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Despite dramatic increases of women in higher education, a significant gap remains in women's socio-economic activities a manifestation of success in life today. This study aims to investigate the barriers and facilitators of success for women. we used a grounded theory approach and semi-structured interviews to conduct a qualitative study with women between 30 and 40 years. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, we continued the interviews until achieving theoretical saturation, and finally, 25 people were interviewed. After transposing data into MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software, they were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory coding methods. The findings emerged in eight categories: (1) one-dimensional socialization and external limitations, (2) restrictions on career prospects, (3) lack of financial and family support, (4) lack of skill-based training, (5) role pressure of housekeeping (6), access to university education (7) focus on personal empowerments and (8) cyberspace opportunities. “constraints and role duality” was considered the core category. The findings suggest that the intersectional socio-cultural systems that shape individuals' identities involve women in a cycle of learning about systemic influences so that participants develop the semantic structures needed to filter out discriminatory effects. It should be noted that the social system has been able to provide new opportunities for women; however, the weight of gender social components is still high and these opportunities have not been realized.
Sociology
ali feizolahi
Abstract
Domestic violence has been observed in all societies, in all groups and social classes, and several reports have confirmed its problem in Iran. The purpose of this study is to understand of how women’s perception of conditions, contexts and consequences of domestic violence ...
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Domestic violence has been observed in all societies, in all groups and social classes, and several reports have confirmed its problem in Iran. The purpose of this study is to understand of how women’s perception of conditions, contexts and consequences of domestic violence in their lives. The research is qualitative and based on the method of grounded theory. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling method with the criterion of theoretical saturation among violent married women who referred to positive life centers of the Behzisti Organization in Ilam. The Acceptance criteria were used for accreditation and reliability was achieved through auditing method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 of the battered married women and coding were performed using Nvivo12 software. Findings indicate the role of family factors such as stressful interaction, staus imbalance; Social factors such as carnival-like encounters with marriage; Cultural factors such as patriarchal perceptions. Women's reactions have been largely passive and the consequences have been the normalization of the role of passive victim for women. As a result of the categories, the core category of "domestic violence against women is the product of the combined result of women's experienced helplessness and patriarchal perceptions", Which is the result of family management in the context of maintaining the functions of the patriarchal tradition along with the structural transfer of violence in a cultural mechanism based on socialization.
Political sciences
Zahra Zamani; Hasan Malaekeh; mansour haghighatian
Abstract
Information resources and political awareness of society, of which women make up half, play an important role in human development and socio-political participation. To identify the relationship between new communication tools and political awareness of Tehran women. This study examines the relationship ...
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Information resources and political awareness of society, of which women make up half, play an important role in human development and socio-political participation. To identify the relationship between new communication tools and political awareness of Tehran women. This study examines the relationship between media literacy and Tehran women's political awareness components, including events, patterns, organizations, and party personalities. Women's wants, needs and rights, system functions, and political analysis.
The research method was the survey and documentary and the statistical population included all Tehran women over 20 years old with 4369551 people and the sample size was 384 people. Questionnaires were distributed by random cluster sampling and data were analyzed using SPSS. The selection of websites, web portals, and social networks as digital media in this study and the selection of a sample community from the urban community, regardless of women’s economic and social status. The results show that there is a statistically significant (direct) relationship between digital media literacy and political awareness of Tehran women, especially in the index of their knowledge and understanding of political concepts, patterns, and political schools of the day. At the same time, increasing women's political awareness can facilitate their political interactions and, if participation continues, provide a platform for the formation of numerous new discourses in society.
Sociology
Abbas Lotfizadeh; Mohammad javad Zahedi Mazandarani
Abstract
This article studies the intimate experiences of three generations of Tabriz women in relation to the social circumstances of their adolescence. Considering the recent changes in the social and intimate relations of Iranian society, the article intends to highlight and analyze new dimensions of marital ...
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This article studies the intimate experiences of three generations of Tabriz women in relation to the social circumstances of their adolescence. Considering the recent changes in the social and intimate relations of Iranian society, the article intends to highlight and analyze new dimensions of marital intimacy. The research method is qualitative; Narrative interview were used to data collection, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. This article argues that a change in intimacy practices has occurred over the three generations under study. The analysis indicates that in the first generation and to some extent the second generation, intense social control over social interactions led to the regulated intimate life, but in the third generation, as the modern forces spread, pure intimacy gradually emerged. Also, in the first and second generations, intimate interactions took place in the social offstage, but as the threshold of shame diminishes, the social veils of intimacy have become thinner, so that the public expression of intimacy is seen as modernizing. The pattern common in the first and second generations can be described as “traditional intimacy” and the pattern common in the third generation as “modern intimacy”.
Rural Development
Mahtab Valizadeh; Nematollah Shiri; Mojgan Khoshmaram
Abstract
Abstract
The low rate of economic participation and entrepreneurial activities of rural women has made it important to try to promote entrepreneurial businesses among them. Whereas the starting point for starting a business is opportunity recognition, and the process of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities ...
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Abstract
The low rate of economic participation and entrepreneurial activities of rural women has made it important to try to promote entrepreneurial businesses among them. Whereas the starting point for starting a business is opportunity recognition, and the process of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities is different for women than for men; Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities among rural women members of microcredit funds in Kermanshah. The study population in this study were all women members of microcredit funds in Kermanshah (N = 626) that according to the table of Bartlett et al., 201 of them using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. Were selected as research samples. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and convergent validity and combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data. Findings of the study showed that entrepreneurship education, social capital and entrepreneurial skills were the effective factors on entrepreneurial opportunities among rural women members of microcredit funds in Kermanshah.
Ecology
Javad masomi; Mohsen Azinjam
Abstract
Environmental performance not only strengthens social legitimacy, but also leads to competitive advantage, because increases the productivity, and stimulates innovation in environmental performance activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the board of directors on ...
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Environmental performance not only strengthens social legitimacy, but also leads to competitive advantage, because increases the productivity, and stimulates innovation in environmental performance activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the board of directors on the environmental performance of companies. To achieve this goal, the data of 160 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. The research method is logit regression and panel data. The results show that the presence of women on the board of directors of companies has increased the environmental performance. The presence of women on the board can increase the company's ability to create and absorb various resources (such as; knowledge, communication, reputation, and information) to perform the responsibilities of managers on behalf of shareholders. The combination of skills resulting from gender diversity on the board leads to the creation of the necessary expertise to focus on consulting, legitimacy, and communication channels, in addition to the above, increases the company's attention to complex environmental issues and leads Improves the environmental performance of companies. Therefore, our research provides valuable direction for those firms working to improve both their boards’ gender diversity and their environmental performance.
Marjan Rashvand Sorkhkouleh; Fatemeh Vojdani
Abstract
New communication media are one of the important factors that influence the youth values and attitudes, and if used incorrectly, they can pave the way of harmful patterns in gender interactions, including girl-boy friendship. To better manage this issue, it is necessary to examine the impact of these ...
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New communication media are one of the important factors that influence the youth values and attitudes, and if used incorrectly, they can pave the way of harmful patterns in gender interactions, including girl-boy friendship. To better manage this issue, it is necessary to examine the impact of these media, in detail. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cultural consumption (reading books, using satellites and using of virtual networks) and youth attitudes toward girl-boy friendships. Also, the identification of variables that can affect the intensity or weakness of young people affected by cultural consumption has been considered.
The present study is a cross-sectional survey statistical population includes girls who have never been married, aged 20-34 in Tehran.
The research is a cross-sectional survey conducted in 1397 and it’s statistical population includes girls who have never been married, aged 20-34 years in Tehran. Based on findings, the most positive attitude towards this type of relationship was observed among the age group of 20-24 years. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there is an inverse relationship between age, education, different dimensions of religiosity and the amount of book reading with girls' attitudes toward girl-boy friendship relationships. While there is a direct relationship between the use of social networks, watching satellites and living in high areas and the girls' attitude towards girl-boy friendships. The results of multivariate analysis of the findings showed that with the presence of religiosity, variables of age, education and region lose their place of residence. Also, the most important variables affecting the girls' attitudes toward girl-boy friendship relationship were :religiosity, social media usage, satellite watching and book reading, respectively.
According to the findings, the most important strategies to strengthen the cultural status of young people are related to: social media consumption management and strengthening religiosity. In this regard, it is suggested to produce valuable content tailored to the needs and tastes of the young generation in cyberspace, strengthen media literacy in schools and universities, and finally, more efficient and effective religious education of the young generation, especially the strengthening of religious beliefs.
Political sciences
Amene Mirkhoshkhou; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei
Abstract
One of the most important components in increasing women's participation in decision-making and policy-making is to show the obstacles and limitations of their presence in the high levels of political positions in the country. The main question is what factors and characteristics cause the current ...
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One of the most important components in increasing women's participation in decision-making and policy-making is to show the obstacles and limitations of their presence in the high levels of political positions in the country. The main question is what factors and characteristics cause the current situation of lack of interest in the presence of women in policy-making and decision-making? In response to this question, several studies have examined the current situation of the presence of women in government agencies and the three forces, especially the government cabinet and parliament. But most of these studies focus too much on identifying barriers in entering the moment of woman to high levels of political position, so they have not been able to reveal the impact of political trends due to the political structure of the country and the complexity of the political and cultural dimensions. This article examines the causes and factors of limitations of women political activity after taking high level political management in both reformist and fundamentalist political spectrums. To achieve this, the views and opinions of women were used who had direct experience of holding senior political management positions such as Cabinet and Parliament. Using semi-structured interviews and qualitative data analysis through Thematic analysis, some factors and limitations of political-management action were identified and explained.
