Sarouye Mazhabi; Reza Nasiri Hamed
Abstract
Autonomy is one of the most important components of modernism which have connection with humanism in the realm of political and moral theories. Two important pillars of the autonomy are believes on intellectual independence of the human subject and also having some ability to fulfill practical goals. ...
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Autonomy is one of the most important components of modernism which have connection with humanism in the realm of political and moral theories. Two important pillars of the autonomy are believes on intellectual independence of the human subject and also having some ability to fulfill practical goals. However, the assumptions of autonomy have been criticized by different thoughts. One of the most important criticisms to the relation of autonomy especially in recent times is the ethics of care, particularly by referencing to Carol Gilligan's views. By emphasizing the tolerant, dynamic and relational identities that emerge especially in women and their moral and psychological personality, the ethics of care has criticized the conventional notion of modern autonomy specially ethics of justice because of its emphasis on abstract, universal and ultra-contextual bases as male discourse in its nature. Thus, addition to expressing criticisms of the ethics of care on autonomy, this study would analyze the special narrative of ethics of care on the autonomy.
Tahereh Sadeghloo; Shadi Khoub; Shirin Sahebi
Abstract
In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important ...
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In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important issues and problems of society, can threaten the social order, development, and even the political stability of society and disrupt the development process. Rural women, as the influential elements of rural areas, are largely exposed to this discrimination for various reasons such as ignorance of their rights. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gender discrimination on the level of participation of rural women. The research methodology is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in the form of library and field survey. A sample survey filled questionnaires in 116 households was conducted in 10 villages of Rajkan and Golamkan in Chenaran City. The results of this study showed that, based on t test, the greatest effect of gender discrimination on reducing the economic participation rate of rural women is 3.53 as a mean score. Subsequently, the beta value reflects the relative importance of gender discrimination in women's participation. Therefore, it can be said that since rural women participate in the field of rural economy and work in the fields of livestock, agriculture, and horticulture along with men, they are the most discriminating in the field of economics; because, despite the large participation in this field, there is little interest in the possibilities and benefits of the economy.
Ali Ruhani; Mohadeseh Abedi-Diznab
Abstract
The present study seeks to evaluate the trajectory of the formation of gender discrimination among middle-class women in Tabriz. Using a qualitative approach and grounded theory, a number of women in Tabriz were selected and studied using theoretical sampling. Theoretical sampling continues until data ...
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The present study seeks to evaluate the trajectory of the formation of gender discrimination among middle-class women in Tabriz. Using a qualitative approach and grounded theory, a number of women in Tabriz were selected and studied using theoretical sampling. Theoretical sampling continues until data saturation occurs. Data were collected and analyzed using open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The findings were presented in the form of story line (15 main categories and one core category) and paradigm model. In general, the results of the study showed that women are faced with dualism of discrimination and hope due to their culture. This duality is resulted from women's psychosocial subordination in addition to the rule of gender constraints. In such situations, coping strategies (retrospective utopian / psychosocial subordination / hyperactivity) are activated in women. However, these strategies are also associated with some consequences in these women. In fact, women, besides all the discrimination and the struggle to eliminate them, live their lives with duality of discrimination and hope to achieve their real place.
Somayeh Arab Khorasani
Abstract
Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure ...
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Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure of gender in prescribed identity of individual under its influence Therefore, this paper apply narrative analysis approach with 30 men and women participants who have at least one experience of marriage and divorce. The result indicates that gender and its late transition in social actor's mentality counteract with the institution of family has great influence on the dissolution of family. Social actors, especially women, in their new interpretation of the meaning of gender have found it in contrast with family that made them decide to stay or leave. Therefore, the encounter of the evolved gender and the somehow fixed family form is the cause of divorce in middle range level that needs more and deeper investigation.
Hossein Daneshmehr; Kamal Khaleghpanah; Soheyla Zandi Sarabsoure
Abstract
The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality ...
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The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality in education. To this end, we use Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical apparatus as a guide to the formulation of concepts. This research has used the tradition of qualitative method and the thematic narrative analysis method to discover and extract categories in which participatory observation tools and in-depth interviews were used to collect the required data. The field of study is rural areas of Dehgolan with qualitative and purposeful sampling logic in addition to space sampling (large, medium and small villages). It conducted in-depth interviews with 32 women aged 15-35 years in 6 rural settlements. The narrative data were coded and formatted into 78 initial themes, 36 sub-themes, 8 main themes, and one final theme. The main themes of the narratives are: gender socialization, deepening mechanisms of social inequality, material poverty, cultural poverty, inaccessibility of educational centers, early marriage of girls, restriction of women from entering the public sphere and reproduction. The final issue is education as a field of production of gender inequality in rural areas, which has shaped the narrative of the multiple features of women.
Roohollah Arab; Mohammad Gholamrezapour; Pouria Kazemi; Houman Adman
Abstract
Identifying the factors affecting cash holding is important because a deficit or surplus in cash holdings can cause companies to have many problems. Recent research has showed that one of the influential factors on cash holdings is gender of the CFO. According to the precautionary savingstheory, senior ...
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Identifying the factors affecting cash holding is important because a deficit or surplus in cash holdings can cause companies to have many problems. Recent research has showed that one of the influential factors on cash holdings is gender of the CFO. According to the precautionary savingstheory, senior female executives hold more cash because of their conservatism, lower self-esteem, and risk aversion. In contrast, according to agency theory, female senior executives are more ethical and reduce agency costs and thus hold less cash. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects ofCFO gender on cash holding, with regard to precautionary savingsand agency theories. The research hypothesis was also investigated using a sample of 170 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years from 2012 to 2018 using multivariate regression model. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between CFO gender and cash holding according to the precautionary savingstheory. In other words, firms with senior female executives hold more cash than other companies.
Ahmad Dorahaki; Reza Nobakht
Abstract
When the concept of gender is used in explaining fertility, it is often confined to changes in education and employment status of women. While an important part of gender equality returns to the family domain. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 600 eligible women aged 18-44 years were studied in urban ...
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When the concept of gender is used in explaining fertility, it is often confined to changes in education and employment status of women. While an important part of gender equality returns to the family domain. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 600 eligible women aged 18-44 years were studied in urban areas of Bushehr province. Cluster analysis results showed two different types of gender equality within the family among responsive women. Men participation in childcare, men participation in home works, men participation outside the home (related to home works) and women's participation in family decisions in first type was less than average, while each of the variables mentioned in second type are above average. Results of multivariate analysis showed that -by controlling other research variables- the probability of going to higher parity progression in families with a higher gender equality structure, it is about 2.56 times higher than in families with a lower gender equality structure. According to the results of this study, it can be said that culture and discourse in order to increase gender equality within the family can play an important and decisive role in increasing women's intention fertility.
