Entrepreneurship
samaneh mansouri; Adel Peyghami; asemeh ghasemi
Abstract
One of the reasons for the unsuccessful presence of women in the field of entrepreneurship is the lack of theorizing and the shortcomings in policy making. New studies in the field of new approaches compatible with gender dimensions in the field of women entrepreneurship have been presented for this ...
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One of the reasons for the unsuccessful presence of women in the field of entrepreneurship is the lack of theorizing and the shortcomings in policy making. New studies in the field of new approaches compatible with gender dimensions in the field of women entrepreneurship have been presented for this purpose. The main question of the present study is what the new approaches and approaches in the field of women entrepreneurship are? Can these new approaches and developments in gender studies, while reducing inadequacies, create new opportunities for women to play a better role in development? To answer these questions, first the most important new theoretical approaches in the field of women entrepreneurship were identified and categorized. Then, in order to evaluate and complete them, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 19 university professors, managers, as well as a number of successful female entrepreneurs, and thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data.Empowerment in self-knowledge, women being pioneers in charity works, complementarity of family and social roles, Women creating surplus value are some of the 47 main themes identified in this study. This means that by intersecting the transgender characteristics of entrepreneurship with the gender roles of women in the objective and practical field, a new conceptual framework in the field of women entrepreneurship can be achieved that can lead to new opportunities, as well as reduce barriers and shortcomings.
fahimeh keshavarzi; babak shamshiri
Abstract
The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed method research of the type of classification is a formulation of a practical model for development of empowering mothers in Iranian society. In this regard, the qualitative purpose of the research is to explore the framework of applied components in the ...
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The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed method research of the type of classification is a formulation of a practical model for development of empowering mothers in Iranian society. In this regard, the qualitative purpose of the research is to explore the framework of applied components in the development of empowered mothers and the quantitative purpose of the research is to validate the developed framework, to measure its usefulness and feasibility. Research method in qualitative part, case study and potential research participants included experts and faculty members as well as sample women in Fars province. The sample mothers and 5 women from the sample city with managerial tenure were selected. The method of collecting qualitative data was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to develop a practical model for developing empowering mothers in Iranian society. Based on the findings of the qualitative part of the research, the model of empowering mothers in Iranian society was explored in 5 themes of organizing personal knowledge, environmental knowledge, personal attitude, environmental attitude, personal skill and environmental skill and 57 basic themes. Based on the findings of the first part of the study, a scale was designed for use in the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the validity of the framework was measured by the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of faculty members specializing in psychology, educational sciences, sociology and law, which were selected through purposeful sampling approach and key informants were selected and distributed among them. The framework was validated using Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 21 software and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the model was valid, useful and applicable.
Sociology
Mohammad Taghi Iman; Mahta Bazrafkan
Abstract
South Pars Assaluyeh region is one of the most heavily trafficked industrial regions in the Mideast. profoundly affecting the lives of local people, specifically women. The important issue that must be taken into consideration is the corporate social responsibility which, due to the presence of large ...
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South Pars Assaluyeh region is one of the most heavily trafficked industrial regions in the Mideast. profoundly affecting the lives of local people, specifically women. The important issue that must be taken into consideration is the corporate social responsibility which, due to the presence of large petrochemical complex companies, could have a positive impact on the lives of people, especially women. Social interpretive approach is applied in this research, considering the semantic understanding of local women from corporate social responsibility towards external stakeholders. We used a qualitative methodology and approach of critical ethnography with semi-structured interview technique and observation considering age, occupation, marital status. Also 15 women were selected as native elements for purposive sampling for interviews .The data obtained from the interviews were classified into 4 categories: social pathology, women's empowerment, health and environment, development and social welfare. These categories were analyzed and then theoretical scheme was established. The results showed that the women living near the area have a positive assessment of the flourishing economic condition and the other ongoing circumstances associated with women's empowerment. But the firm performance has been negatively evaluated in terms of corporate social responsibility. On the other hand, women believed that companies must have both a corrective intervention and peer-reviewed programs and the sense of responsibility for the social, cultural and economic consequences of their activities.
Farideh Maneshii; Raziyeh zohrevand; Faezeh Mashini
Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2010
Abstract
Education is an investment to improve working ability and social activities of people. In the Iranian educational system, training of human resources (men or women) is done via theoretical and Technical - Vocational fields of study in the high schools. In fact the students’ future education and employment ...
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Education is an investment to improve working ability and social activities of people. In the Iranian educational system, training of human resources (men or women) is done via theoretical and Technical - Vocational fields of study in the high schools. In fact the students’ future education and employment is ascertained by choosing the desired field of study at the end of first year of high school. In the other word, students’ higher education aspirations are directed by the fields of study at high school. They may opt for theoretical studies in which case they can continue such studies at University or they may choose a vocational study which prepares them for a technical job in future
The aim of this study is to investigate the gender structure of students in the high schools in the theoretical and Technical - Vocational fields and its effect on acceptance of male and female students in the universities.
The theoretical framework under which this study is carried out is in accordance with human resources management theories. Descriptive methods are used for statistical evaluation.
The results of this study show that although the male students' proportion was higher in the first grade of high school in all studied years, registration rate of girls for pre-university grade was more than that of boys. Our findings also show that although presence of girls has increased in the Technical - Vocational fields in the third development plan, boys have enjoyed greater opportunities and facilities for continuing education in these fields. Higher number of Technical - Vocational schools and higher diversity in the offered Technical - Vocational fields for boys are just some of these mentioned opportunities.
Greater access and presence of boys in the Technical - Vocational fields and so lower access and presence of girls in these Technical - Vocational fields and their presence in the theoretical fields as a result, is a cause for gender gaps in the proportion of females over the males in pre-university education and higher acceptance of girls in the universities.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2006
Abstract
Globally, today particularly in the developing countries, much attention is paid to how to achieve the goals of all-out development, that is sustainable and human development. This paper proposes the question that what role does women’s increased participation play in attaining sustainable development ...
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Globally, today particularly in the developing countries, much attention is paid to how to achieve the goals of all-out development, that is sustainable and human development. This paper proposes the question that what role does women’s increased participation play in attaining sustainable development in the Muslim countries. What is the prospect for these countries? Drawing on the experiences of the developing countries, writers hold that a comparison of the conditions of the Middle Eastern nations with those of the Muslim countries of Southeast Asia demonstrates that sustainable development in the Muslim countries cannot be realized without women’s extensive participation. Thus, women’s increased participation in the development process of these countries is essential. More importantly, what guarantees the materialization (manifestation) of such an objective is the existence of adequate inclination to facilitate the conditions for women’s engagement in the development process.
Volume 1, Issue 7 , November 2003
Abstract
Empowerment is a multi-staged process in which women’s growing awareness of their inner needs and wants strengthens their confidence and ability to implement their goals. This research studies the factors related to women’s empowerment. The theoretical framework is women’s empowerment for participation ...
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Empowerment is a multi-staged process in which women’s growing awareness of their inner needs and wants strengthens their confidence and ability to implement their goals. This research studies the factors related to women’s empowerment. The theoretical framework is women’s empowerment for participation in development which has been strongly influenced by feminist thought, particularly liberal feminism. A survey was conducted on 380 women between 20 to 25 years of age residing in Isfahan. The research found that higher education level, access to financial resources, better health, legal property rights, eradication of labor market discrimination, and elimination of traditional beliefs contribute to women’s empowerment.
Volume 1, Issue 7 , November 2003
Abstract
Development experts have distinguished citizenship control as the highest form and degree of participation. In such participation, people have decision-making power in issues that affect their daily lives. The identification of variables that ensure women and men’s ability to control society’s affairs ...
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Development experts have distinguished citizenship control as the highest form and degree of participation. In such participation, people have decision-making power in issues that affect their daily lives. The identification of variables that ensure women and men’s ability to control society’s affairs is important for the realization of participation. This article aims to identify the different forms of women’s social participation and its related factors. It is based on a study that was conducted in the city of Tehran. The analytical framework was assisted by theory application and previous empirical studies. Six forms of participation were identified: civil, social support, ,cultural-entertainment, local, charity-religious, and revolutionary. Civil participation was the least prevalent among women, while charity-religious participation was the most widespread. In general, the level of social participation in Tehran was lower than expected.
Volume 1, Issue 5 , April 2003
Abstract
Development is the ultimate goal that any country attempts to achieve. The basic values of sustainable development lie on enhancing people’s quality of life leading to women’s and men’s empowerment. One of the ways that influences development of men and women is women’s equal access, equality ...
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Development is the ultimate goal that any country attempts to achieve. The basic values of sustainable development lie on enhancing people’s quality of life leading to women’s and men’s empowerment. One of the ways that influences development of men and women is women’s equal access, equality of opportunity as compared to men, attaining economic security and alleviation of their poverty. These issues are more tangible in the case of female-headed households. This article presents the findings of a survey research on the opportunities and challenges encountered by female-headed households. 4280 samples were taken in a field research of women heads of households in five provinces of Iran. A review of the development, poverty, gender empowerment measures has to take place. The information gathered indicates severe poverty among women. The reviews of development and poverty indicators as well as women’s empowerment measures for women heads of households is very high and approximately equivalent to 0.527, in comparison to the same indicator for the whole country being equivalent to 0.193. Female-headed households constitute 8.4 percent of the total households in Iran. The main reasons of their responsibility as heads of households are disability of men to work (42% of cases) and death of spouse (36%).
