Political sciences
Hoda sadat Vaezi; Ali Alihosseini
Abstract
Although in the history of mankind, various experiences of the presence of women in the fields of power and politics in various positions have been recorded, such as; the head of the tribe in matriarchal tribes, the viceroy, the ministry, even in some cases the queen & first person of the empire ...
Read More
Although in the history of mankind, various experiences of the presence of women in the fields of power and politics in various positions have been recorded, such as; the head of the tribe in matriarchal tribes, the viceroy, the ministry, even in some cases the queen & first person of the empire & becoming an admiral and becoming a general (for example in the Sasanian and Achaemenid periods) but until the 19th century and before the growth & expansion of democracy in the world; Most of the women were prevented from participating in various fields, as well as from effective and excellent participation in politics. From the middle of the twentieth century; due to the pervasiveness of the process of globalization & democratic political culture, the majority of people & women were able to participate effectively in politics & enter politics. Especially since the 21st century; the increasing presence of women in politics has been expanding as a pervasive process. According to this point that the arenas of human life include political, economic, social & cultural fields and considering that the most effective component of power is the political arena; it can be said: Politics is the most important field of human life and Politics affects the social, economic & even cultural fields. Because political power has the final role of determining, controlling, managing and making decisions. For this reason; participation in political power & attaining political positions have always been very important for people including women. So it should be noted that the presence of women in political positions (achieving political power) is very important. Women's presence on the political positions is strategic importance for considering women's rights at the time of legislation & policy-making and benefiting from female potential in the field of social political management. Therefore; this descriptive-analytical study by document collection method and analysis of some statistics and analogy; tries to answer this question “Given the global trend of women in political positions, What is the status of women in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran and What are the possibilities & opportunities for Iranian women to participate in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. The results show that Iran is in a bad position in terms of the global sub-index (Sub-index of political empowerment) even compared to many countries in its region. Also, the research results show that in the future, due to the growing efforts of Iranian women for political participation at the level of the power elite) for example; increasing registration & application & candidacy in the elections of the Islamic Council, the elections of the Assembly Experts & the presidential elections(, considering to increase the level of education of Iranian women) to increase the ranking of Iran in the global index of Educational Attainment(and especially with regard to the globalization process & spreading democratic political culture in the age of communication; the demand of Iranian women to play an effective role in political power & attaining political positions will increase a lot. In order to respond to the demand of elite Iranian women to reach political positions, these important facilities should be emphasized: A history of suitable high university education of Iranian women in fields that related to social political management & political positions (political science, public administration, policy making, law, political sociology, etc.), Realization of the minimum political work experience of women to achieve political positions after four decades of the stability of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Accepting the presence of women in the field of political power by the transitioning society of Iran and The hidden potential of the ideal of the Islamic revolution about the opposition to the instrumental view of capitalism on female gender & the claim about paying special attention to the dignity of women in the main discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is necessary to reduced the impact of barriers for Iranian women to access political positions with some solutions, for example: political system support measures to increase the share of women in political positions & improve the international image of the Islamic Republic of Iran, culture-creating (culturalization) to show the political field with the image of female & male presence and increasing women's self-confidence.
Political sciences
yahya kamali; kiana kamyabi
Abstract
This research aims to identify and rank the political and legal challenges of women taking political positions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage , which attempts to identify the challenges, that ...
Read More
This research aims to identify and rank the political and legal challenges of women taking political positions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage , which attempts to identify the challenges, that has been done by thematic analysis method. At this stage, the data sampling method was purposive sampling. The quantitative method using the AHP, at this stage, the data collection tool, a Pairwise comparison questionnaire including 32 challenges to rank the challenges were provided to experts in this field. Findings show that the challenges of women taking political positions include two types of challenges: political and legal ones. Political challenges themselves are divided into two sub-themes, governmental and non-governmental. The ranking of challenges is as follows: political challenges with a weight of 0.694 have gained the first rank and legal challenges with a weight of 0.306 have gained the second rank. Among the sub-criteria of political challenge, governmental challenges with a weight of 0.713 have the first rank and non-governmental challenges with a weight of 0.287 have the second rank. Among the 32 challenges, male dominance in politics (patriarchy) with a weight of 0.07719 has won the first place. After that, the patriarchal administrative culture with a weight of 0.05542 ranked second and the lack of legal protection for women with a weight of 0.05263 ranked third. Findings show that macro-challenges related to political structure are more important than individual challenges and micro level. These results are consistent with some other researches .
sedigheh Sheikhzadeh Jooshani; yahya kamali; kiana kamyabi
Abstract
Qualitative Aanalysis of the Argumentative Structure of Proponents and Opponents of Women's Representation Right in the Presidential Election in Iran Abstract The issue of women's right to represent in the Iranian presidential election has been a part of political discourses and scientific researches ...
Read More
Qualitative Aanalysis of the Argumentative Structure of Proponents and Opponents of Women's Representation Right in the Presidential Election in Iran Abstract The issue of women's right to represent in the Iranian presidential election has been a part of political discourses and scientific researches in the field of women political participation in recent years. So far as it has become a debatable claim. This paper focuses on the statements of 26 people, including "legislators, election observers, jurists, women with management and political representation backgrounds, and female candidates in the presidential election in the period of 1980 – 2019 and, given their claims are as argumentative acts. By using Toulmin's Argument Model, the paper has attempted to show how the proponents and opponents of women's representation right in the presidential election in Iran have shaped their argumentative structure. Findings from the qualitative content analysis of 50 argumentative texts indicate that all of the arguers have used structures the main components in their argumentative, including: claim, data and warrant from the Toulminian Model. But only in the two texts has been used the six components of Toulminian Model. So, they are not perfect arguments. The researchers conclude that the presence of field-dependent warrants in the argumentative structure of the proponents implies that they are trying to challenge the claims of the opponents’ claims and, thereby they increase the legitimacy of their arguments. Keywords: Argument, Speech Act of Argumentation, Argumentative Structure, Toulmin Model of Argumentation, Women's Representation, Presidential Elections, Iran.
fahimeh keshavarzi; babak shamshiri
Abstract
The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed method research of the type of classification is a formulation of a practical model for development of empowering mothers in Iranian society. In this regard, the qualitative purpose of the research is to explore the framework of applied components in the ...
Read More
The purpose of this sequential exploratory mixed method research of the type of classification is a formulation of a practical model for development of empowering mothers in Iranian society. In this regard, the qualitative purpose of the research is to explore the framework of applied components in the development of empowered mothers and the quantitative purpose of the research is to validate the developed framework, to measure its usefulness and feasibility. Research method in qualitative part, case study and potential research participants included experts and faculty members as well as sample women in Fars province. The sample mothers and 5 women from the sample city with managerial tenure were selected. The method of collecting qualitative data was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to develop a practical model for developing empowering mothers in Iranian society. Based on the findings of the qualitative part of the research, the model of empowering mothers in Iranian society was explored in 5 themes of organizing personal knowledge, environmental knowledge, personal attitude, environmental attitude, personal skill and environmental skill and 57 basic themes. Based on the findings of the first part of the study, a scale was designed for use in the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the validity of the framework was measured by the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of faculty members specializing in psychology, educational sciences, sociology and law, which were selected through purposeful sampling approach and key informants were selected and distributed among them. The framework was validated using Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 21 software and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the model was valid, useful and applicable.
economics
Ahmad Asadzadeh; Nina Mirani; Forough Ghazi khani; Najmaeh Esmail Darjani; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
To enrich the complex process of development and the role of human resources as one of its main factors, it is essential to review the role of the human resources, especially the role of women, who constitute half of the world population. In recent years, the new socio-economic phenomenon of the female ...
Read More
To enrich the complex process of development and the role of human resources as one of its main factors, it is essential to review the role of the human resources, especially the role of women, who constitute half of the world population. In recent years, the new socio-economic phenomenon of the female participation in the labor market has emerged. Empowering women and removing the obstacles improve the political, social and economic conditions of the society, as it brings about the sustainable growth and development. The present paper gives an analysis on the relationship between the variables affecting economic growth during the period 1380- 1393, with emphasis on the role of employment and education of women. Then, by using the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Firefly Algorithm (FA), the economic development of the country is estimated in the form of non-linear equations with emphasis on the rate of the economic participation of women and their education. The findings indicate that increasing rate of women's economic participation in the labor market has a positive and significant impact on the country's GDP as the growth of the literacy level in form of an intersection variable has a positive impact on the rate of the women's economic participation and as a whole on GDP.
Mohammed Tavakol; Mohammad-Reza Javadi-Yeganeh; Seyyed Mohammad Hani Sadati
Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2011
Abstract
Sociology of medical education is an area of sociology that could well
link the two fields of Medical Sciences and Social Sciences together. Sociologists believe that the scope of Medical Science deals with problems and realities much graeter than medical techniques and practices, of which sociology ...
Read More
Sociology of medical education is an area of sociology that could well
link the two fields of Medical Sciences and Social Sciences together. Sociologists believe that the scope of Medical Science deals with problems and realities much graeter than medical techniques and practices, of which sociology of medical education, described as one of the effective institutions of society as well as medicine, is the most important one. Thus, this institution has its own features that can function properly or improperly depending on social realities within the medical sphere. In the light of this, the present study aims to probe into some aspects of Iran's medical education system. The review of literature and statistics reveals that women do not enjoy an equal status in the medical system as men naturally do. The available data consists of two sets of trends. The first one shows that females score a higher rate in university enrolment of medical sciences, however, another quite contradictory trend shows a declining trend where females have a lower rate in obtaining high ranking positions within the system. In other words, more girls enter the universities but less continue their studies and attain high ranking scientific and managerial positions in medical universities and higher education centers. This issue gains significance from the perspective of comprehensive development which tends to eliminate all kinds of discrimination and decrease inequalities in all spheres within the society. In this view, the main goal of development is to promote human development opportunities, and therefore the equality between men and women is one of its principles. The theoretical framework within which this study explains women's status in medical education system includes a combination of gender socialization and gender stereotype theories, such as Sandra Bem’s Gender Schema Theory, and Janet Saltzman Chafetz's Gender Equity Theory. Two main methods are available to study the inconsistency in the behavior of Iranian female students, one is either to study the concentration factor, and the other one is to study the voluntary factor. However, the latter is selected for the purpose of this study. The research has taken advantage of quantitative method. The statistical population of this research consists of 6146 female students, out of which 301, from the medical universities of Iran, Shahid Beheshti and Tehran, are selected as the population by multiple step cluster sampling. Moreover, some 107 male medical students are also selected to be used as the control group, making the total size of the population 408. Data collection makes use of survey technique and questionnaire. The findings show that gender stereotypes has a negative effect on girls tendency to continue their study, achieve managerial position, and finally obtain high ranking positions in medical education system. The findings of this research related to gender stereotypes in the society, higher education, senior managerial posts and also high ranking positions in the medical education system, support all the related studies conducted previously in this field.
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi; Malihe Alimandegarie
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Amir Mozaffar Amini; Mohammad ali Shapurabadi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh; Asieh Arhami
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Abstract
Nowadays, novel is the most dominating genre in literature. Concerning the advocates and proponents of novel, women’s share either as the writer or the reader is ever so increasing. It is such that some rhetoricians speak about a feminizing literature. This article is an attempt to deal with these ...
Read More
Nowadays, novel is the most dominating genre in literature. Concerning the advocates and proponents of novel, women’s share either as the writer or the reader is ever so increasing. It is such that some rhetoricians speak about a feminizing literature. This article is an attempt to deal with these aspects. Unfortunately, in the domain of the Iranian novel reading, there are no exact and proper statistics available, so the findings of the experiments in this article are the results of sets of students' works concerning the relationship of girls with novels. The results of these researches indicate that women outnumber men in reading novels and of course there is no meaningful difference between the rate of reading novels between male and female students. The most frequent reason for reading novels is to gain new experiences and to become familiarized with the world and new characters.
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2008
Abstract
The present article's focus is mainly on the qualitative analysis of women's representation in Iranian national TV series. Thus, three series, "if my dad was alive!", "the ninth month gazelle " and the satire genre "homeless" produced by channel 1 and 3 in the second half of 2004 have been addressed ...
Read More
The present article's focus is mainly on the qualitative analysis of women's representation in Iranian national TV series. Thus, three series, "if my dad was alive!", "the ninth month gazelle " and the satire genre "homeless" produced by channel 1 and 3 in the second half of 2004 have been addressed through qualitative method.
The analysis of these cases focused on the concept of the deserving presence of women in the series' plot. To this aim, the views of Islamic thinkers as well as the television's agendas and purposes in 2004 have been examined. The authors conclude that the qualitative presence of women in the series is not consistent with the agendas and purposes although the quantity of the presence is reasonable. In reality, a significant rupture between Islamic Iranian policy-makings and the productions of the Iranian TV has resulted in the ineffectiveness of this organization in exercising its gender policy.
