Women's Studies
Mahdie Mohammad taghizade
Abstract
Qualitative study of the influencing factors in the participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in realizing social support for vulnerable families: Tehran city
Today, the social development of countries depends on the participation of non-governmental organizations in realizing the rights ...
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Qualitative study of the influencing factors in the participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in realizing social support for vulnerable families: Tehran city
Today, the social development of countries depends on the participation of non-governmental organizations in realizing the rights of groups and people left in society. Considering that social support for vulnerable families is related to the responsibility and accountability of all members of the society on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is related to the rights of individuals in the society. Therefore, in this research, a qualitative study of the factors affecting the participation of community members in the realization of social support for families at risk of damage is done. The current research method is qualitative with interview technique. For this purpose, 20 women active in the field of women's society were selected by purposeful sampling among 50 women active in this field who are based in Tehran, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with the CEO or board member of 10 women. The results show that both external and internal factors have been effective on the participation of Semans in social support for families in harm's way. Therefore, according to these effective factors, the participation of cements is defined from an active participation to a passive participation, and in between, there will be semi-active, semi-passive, etc.
The social development of societies is a concept that has attracted the attention of theorists in recent decades. After the 1980s, studies showed that economic development cannot lead to balanced social development. From this point of view, the social dimensions of development and the intellectual and spiritual needs of man, along with his social presence in various cultural, social and economic fields, were considered important from the point of view of social policy makers. Based on this, one of the key indicators of development, the amount of people's active participation in the field of non-governmental organizations, was chosen in order to help achieve development and fill the deficiencies caused by underdevelopment (Abrahimabadi, 2019). Therefore, the reduction of the role of governments and their inability to solve various social, economic and political issues has interpreted the semans as the demanding forces of the society (Moggi, 2013). Therefore, during the past decades, governments have recognized the role of cement in improving the capacities of the society in order to participate in the development process. Also, the belief was strengthened that the cooperation between the government and Semans together makes possible more success in the path of development.From this point of view, the purpose of empowering Semans is to create a large and diverse community of these organizations that can strengthen sustainable development. According to the analyzed texts, fertilizers can be effective in sustainable development in four areas:
- They can act as a suitable substitute for governments in providing services and priorities such as family planning, child protection, development of small partnerships, environment, tourism, etc.
- Fertilizers are considered to strengthen civil society.
- Semans are a source of innovation, experience and testing new approaches in the path of realizing development.
- Semans play an important role in expressing the political expectations of the society to the government (Yasuri, 2018).
Thus, Semans entered the literature of civil society and were recognized by international forums.
From a social point of view, Semans play an important role in promoting public awareness, developing and empowering human resources, and introducing the role of women in realizing sustainable development and civil society (Abdollahi, 2015). Therefore, one of the most important characteristics of family members is their supervisory role and demanding family rights.These organizations can play an effective role in social services by giving feedback on their demands and expressing criticisms to improve the existing situation in the society. In order to improve the quality of life of all people in the society (Farahmand, 2015). In order to comprehensively improve the quality of the society, it is necessary to pay attention to the rights of all people, both men and women, and get the support of the Semans in realizing social services and reducing discrimination against them in this matter. Based on the analyzed documents, one of the main duties of family members is to attract the attention of different strata to the issues and demands of the family and realize social support for it at the national and international levels.
Physical Education and Sports Science
kamal javanmard; alireza sanatkhah
Abstract
It is necessary to study the grounds of public sports in order to prevent physiological injuries, especially poor mobility and psychological problems and social harm among the female students. Following data collection, this study was conducted with a qualitative approach to explain the effective ...
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It is necessary to study the grounds of public sports in order to prevent physiological injuries, especially poor mobility and psychological problems and social harm among the female students. Following data collection, this study was conducted with a qualitative approach to explain the effective social conditions and contexts of the female students of Payam Noor University in Kerman participating in public sports in 2019. The participants in the research were 31 female students studying in this university, who were targeted using a convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews have been used as a data collection tool. To achieve the criterion of reliability, three methods have been used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques. The collected data have been analyzed consistent with grounded theory, in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding. After analyzing the research findings, the categories of economic crisis, social support and social capital as the most important indicators were found. Causal conditions, personal management of the body / cultural expectations / sports infrastructure as intervening conditions, and healthy lifestyle as the most important background were recognized. Building infrastructure / environmental security / motivation of officials as action-interactions and control of violence in society have been identified as the most important consequences of participation in public sports. The result indicates that women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of the cultural and social context in society and would increase by the raise of society’s awareness of its benefits.
Political sciences
Marzieh Samaei Sahnesaraei; Rahim Khastu; Saeed Moghimi
Abstract
Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political ...
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Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political development and the distribution of power system, and they lead to reform the political and social structure of the country by preventing the monopoly of power of a particular group or stratum, and if used correctly and rationally, they will lead to the more participation of women. In this study, the problems of women activists in the two decades of 1370s and 1380s and the extent of their participation and the manner of their agency in parties and NGOs have been discussed, and the following basic questions were answered: what are the reasons for more participation of women in NGOs than political parties during the 1370s and 1380s and what factors have caused political parties in the field of women's activities that they have not not achieved their desired functions. Qualitative and descriptive methods have been used to find the answers to the questions. The results of documentary studies, coding, and categorization of interview data through MAXQDA software and the use of content analysis method and data-oriented theory showed that although political parties after the 70s and 80s claimed to expand the role of women in political and social fields, this important goal has rarely been achieved at the highest levels due to the nature of political parties in Iran, and NGOs have, to a large extent, been in a much better position in presenting, expanding, and playing the participatory role of women.
Nejat Mohammadi Far; Ail Moradi
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of women's political empowerment in their environmental behaviors. The study adopted a quantitative design and used the descriptive correlational survey to collect data. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. A total of ...
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The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of women's political empowerment in their environmental behaviors. The study adopted a quantitative design and used the descriptive correlational survey to collect data. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. A total of 200 Kermanshahi women were chosen as the sample using a multi-stage cluster random sampling. To analyze the data, SPSS and AMOS software were used. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between empowerment of women and their choice, but the relationship between women empowerment and their agency as well as participation was insignificant. In general, a significant relationship was found between women's empowerment and their environmental behaviors. The analysis of contextual variables further revealed that the respondents' age group, educational levels, and income status affect the degree of women's environmental behaviors. The interaction between these variables demonstrates that women who have more civil liberties (choice), education, and income will play a more successful role in environmental preservation. It may be suggested that women's political empowerment leads to making decisions that benefit particular social needs/concerns, and that these decisions would lead to stringent policies to improve the situation and protect the environment, promoting sustainable development.
Tahereh Sadeghloo; Shadi Khoub; Shirin Sahebi
Abstract
In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important ...
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In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important issues and problems of society, can threaten the social order, development, and even the political stability of society and disrupt the development process. Rural women, as the influential elements of rural areas, are largely exposed to this discrimination for various reasons such as ignorance of their rights. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gender discrimination on the level of participation of rural women. The research methodology is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in the form of library and field survey. A sample survey filled questionnaires in 116 households was conducted in 10 villages of Rajkan and Golamkan in Chenaran City. The results of this study showed that, based on t test, the greatest effect of gender discrimination on reducing the economic participation rate of rural women is 3.53 as a mean score. Subsequently, the beta value reflects the relative importance of gender discrimination in women's participation. Therefore, it can be said that since rural women participate in the field of rural economy and work in the fields of livestock, agriculture, and horticulture along with men, they are the most discriminating in the field of economics; because, despite the large participation in this field, there is little interest in the possibilities and benefits of the economy.
Women's Studies
Maryam Najjar Nahavandi; Masoumeh Abkhosh
Abstract
Following a neighborhood-oriented approach, Tehran municipality provided citizenship education with the purpose of empowering women. In spite of the large coverage of the project and its high costs, comprehensive studies haven’t been conducted in this area yet. Thus, the present study primarily ...
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Following a neighborhood-oriented approach, Tehran municipality provided citizenship education with the purpose of empowering women. In spite of the large coverage of the project and its high costs, comprehensive studies haven’t been conducted in this area yet. Thus, the present study primarily tries to examine the relationship between provided education and the level of empowerment. The research methodology is survey. Research population consists of 700 female inhabitants of Jihad neighborhood in 6th municipality district. The study sample, randomly selected, includes 384 females (divided in two equal groups of educated and uneducated women). Information was collected through a questionnaire which had already been shown to have an acceptable alpha coefficient. Results from independent T test suggest that there's a significant relation between educated and uneducated women in terms of participation, hygiene awareness, citizenship rights and duties and life skills, i.e. educated women have higher scores. However, no significant relation was found between educated and uneducated women in terms of health and social harms. Results from correlation test indicated that education is strongly and positively related to women's empowerment. Additionally, test results revealed that marital status and employment status are not related to the extent of the influence of education on empowering women.
Ecology
Amir Maleki; Parvin Alipoor
Abstract
Environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems. Dealing with this crisis as a collective effort requires formation of environmentalism attitudes among people. What is considerable in this field is to identify the factors affecting people’s attitudes towards environmentalism especially ...
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Environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems. Dealing with this crisis as a collective effort requires formation of environmentalism attitudes among people. What is considerable in this field is to identify the factors affecting people’s attitudes towards environmentalism especially women. Since, based on two main perspectives of ecofeminism; i.e. women's relationship with the environment and their role in solving ecological problems, women have a privileged position in regard to the environment. On the other hand, women status is notable due to their roles in nurturing children and transmitting knowledge and culture to the future generation; therefore, they have the most important role for protecting environment. Accordingly, study of the factors affecting women’s environmentalism can pave the way to attract women to participate in activities of protecting environment. The current study aims to identify the factors which affect Iranian women’s environmentalism. We have used ecofeminism, secondary analysis of fifth wave data and empirical literature for this purpose. In Iran, a sample size of 2667 subjects with multi-stage probability sampling was studied. Findings have shown that such variables as social participation, religious practice, environment knowledge, age and level of education have significant relationship with women’s environmentalism but economic class has shown to have has no effect. The research findings showed that three variables including environmental awareness, religiosity and participation explain 82% of the dependent variable variance.
fazileh khani; Manijeh Ahmadi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Mohamad Reza Bemanian; Mojtaba Rafieian; E Zabetian
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2009
kiumars zarafshani; KHOSHGHADAM KHALEDI; Mansour Ghanian
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2009
Abstract
Over the past decades, participatory approaches to development have been the center of attention not only as a means to sustainable development but also as an end. Although women's role in rural development is emphasized, their participation in extension educational programs is nevertheless limited. ...
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Over the past decades, participatory approaches to development have been the center of attention not only as a means to sustainable development but also as an end. Although women's role in rural development is emphasized, their participation in extension educational programs is nevertheless limited. Using Sherry Aronstein theoretical framework, the descriptive-survey research aims to determine the level of participation among rural women. Considering Krejcie and Morgan (1980) table of sample size, multistage random sampling is used to select 120 rural women. The results follow Sherry Arnstein's ladder from bottom to top sequentially as manipulation, therapy, informing, consultation, placation, partnership, delegated power, and citizen control. Findings reveal that rural women are more on manipulation level (non-participation) and less on placation level (tokenism). Results also show that there is a significant difference between women's participation and educational level as well as marital status. Finally, recommendations are provided to enhance rural women's participation in extension education programs.
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2008
Abstract
Access to stable development requires organized participation of all people, including women in all institutes. Reduction of limitations and increase in legal authority of women are necessary to achieve the highest rate of participation. In this regard, a developmental approach demands a balanced increase ...
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Access to stable development requires organized participation of all people, including women in all institutes. Reduction of limitations and increase in legal authority of women are necessary to achieve the highest rate of participation. In this regard, a developmental approach demands a balanced increase in the legal knowledge, organizational authorities and civil demands of women particularly that the number of employed women in public organizations has increased drastically in recent years. Participation in organizational decision makings concurrent with increase in legal knowledge leads to a better understanding of occupational and organizational conditions of women thus improving their efficiency and effectiveness in the organizations.
This paper studies the relationship between legal knowledge and organizational participation. Documentary methodology and statistical techniques are used in theory and experimental (field) sections respectively. The result shows that there is a meaningful and significant relationship between legal knowledge of women employees and their organizational participation.
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2008
Abstract
The general purpose of the present study is to investigate the social and cultural factors related to the participation level of rural women in familial and meta-familial (social, political, economic and cultural) issues. The study is carried out using documental and fieldwork (questionnaire) methods. ...
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The general purpose of the present study is to investigate the social and cultural factors related to the participation level of rural women in familial and meta-familial (social, political, economic and cultural) issues. The study is carried out using documental and fieldwork (questionnaire) methods. The theoretical framework of the study is based on pattern variables of Parsons and gender stratification theories of Randal Collins and Janet Chaftz.
The total population of the present study consists of women aged between 15 to 65 years old in rural regions of Zanjan province. Based on Cochran sampling formula, 500 of total population are selected as the sample size. Results show that about 21% of women have low participation in familial and meta-familial issues; whereas about 25% of women have a high level of participation, and only 35% of women have a medium level of participation. Results of path-analysis reveal that women's social and economic status is among the key variables that can influence their participation; (considering two dimensions of participation including culture and behavior). In other words, as the social and economic status of women ascends, their participation level rises considerably.
Volume 1, Issue 6 , June 2003
Abstract
Women’s participation means their total involvement in the process of decision makings and implementation of all social phenomena. This is a precondition for the success of all health programs. Women’s participation in the maintenance of the society’s health is considered important. The program ...
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Women’s participation means their total involvement in the process of decision makings and implementation of all social phenomena. This is a precondition for the success of all health programs. Women’s participation in the maintenance of the society’s health is considered important. The program of women health volunteers not only provides the required skills and training to women volunteers it aims to disseminate health messages to all Iranian families. To evaluate the success of the program and the review of its impact on awareness- raising and changes in women’s behavior, a longitudinal survey was conducted on two groups of women with similarities in socio-economic conditions (one covered by the study and a control group) in the Oroumeih district. The study was done before and after the implementation of the program. Comparison of the data gathered on awareness-raising of women in the two groups, demonstrated a significant difference due to the activities of health volunteers which had raised the level of the awareness of the society. However, behavioral changes among the groups were not significant. It seems that to review changes in the behavior require more than the one year period of the study.
