Political sciences
Mahhmoodreza Rahbarghazi; Hossein Masoudnia; zahra Sadeghi Naghdali
Abstract
Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s ...
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Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s degree of conservatism has degreased. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the existence or inexistence of such differences among groups of women and men in the studied population. To do so, the research population includes all students of universities of in Isfahan City. From among them, 914 participants were selected using the cluster sampling method. The results of this research indicate that women in cultural and political domains are more conservative than men. But in economic issues, men supported free markets and privatizing the economy more than women. This issue indicates that women have less economic conservative tendencies than men. In addition, investigating findings more closely show that the effect size between the gender variable and conservative components are moderate only in terms of cultural conservatism, and in the rest of hypotheses, the effect size was small. Therefore, it can be concluded that except for cultural domains in which there are relatively profound gaps among men and women, in other domains of the society, these gender gaps have been relatively degreasing and fading.
Communications
Ahmad Naderi; Ali Ghashami
Abstract
Women as half of human societies have different roles in different areas of social life. So content analysis of the media is necessary in the about of women. This study uses two methods: content analysis and semiotics. So content analyzed a statistical week from the first six months of 1393 Kayhan, Iran ...
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Women as half of human societies have different roles in different areas of social life. So content analysis of the media is necessary in the about of women. This study uses two methods: content analysis and semiotics. So content analyzed a statistical week from the first six months of 1393 Kayhan, Iran and Shargh Newspapers. Then by using semiotics, printed images of women in these newspapers were analyzed. Number of Iran Newspaper writings was about one and half. The newspaper press releases about one and a half equal Shargh Newspaper writings. The number of Shargh Newspaper writings was twice equal of the Keyhan Newspaper. Iran Newspaper in front-page headlines and photographs of the position of women is better than the two other daily newspapers. In semiotics of women, representation of Iranian women in comparison with foreign women is not suitable and in front page and internal pages images of Iran Newspaper, reflection of foreign women were better than Iranian women. Of course, we can be considered the approach of Shargh Newspaper in intermediate in which images of foreign and Iranian women have been reflected suitable. Anyway, images of Iranian womens in Shargh were better than other two daily newspapers.
Sociology
Sattar Parvin; Ayoub Eslamian
Abstract
This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research ...
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This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research findings indicate that these women have experienced exclusion. Also, the results show that social exclusion occurs in women with AIDS in the seven fields as Aids panic, exclusion in social relation, economic exclusion, exclusion of support network, symbolic exclusion, exclusion from the health and spatial exclusion.
Demographics
Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi Nasrabad; Hasan Saraei
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in value of children between the 1960s, 1970s, after 1980 birth cohort, and identifying the factors affecting. The data for this study are drawn from a survey in Semnan province in 2012. Information is related to 405 married women aged 15-49 ...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in value of children between the 1960s, 1970s, after 1980 birth cohort, and identifying the factors affecting. The data for this study are drawn from a survey in Semnan province in 2012. Information is related to 405 married women aged 15-49 years. The result shows that the highest score of the children value belonged to the 1960 birth cohort. Protect, emotional and family continuity value in childbearing are characteristics of this cohort. In contrast, emphasis on the economic costs and lost opportunity costs, emotional and psychological benefits to children are characteristics of the 1980 birth cohorts. Based on this study, in line with the socio- economical changes, significant changes in childbearing attitude have emerged in three cohorts. Nevertheless, the 1960 birth cohort more than any other generation produces modern childbearing values and behaviors gives great importance to childbearing and because of the emotional value of children, one of the goals of younger cohort is childbearing. Multiple classification analysis showed that by controlling the effect of factors related to modernization and individual characteristics of respondents, the mean score of value of children within cohort changes. A more percent of the differences between the cohorts are affected by education variable. After entering these variables are considerably reduced the intensity of relationship between value of children and birth cohort. But, the differences in the value of children in three cohorts are still significant.
Women's Studies
Hossein Athari; Abolghasem Shahriyari
Abstract
Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political ...
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Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political participation rate. Since half of the Iranian world consists of women, a survey on the factors affecting their political participation can make us understand how and why the political participation is done and reveal the solutions to increase women’s participation. The purpose of this paper which has been done through survey-research method is to consider the factors that affect the political participation of women in Booshehr. The sample size is comprised of 350 persons who have been selected by cluster sampling (urban areas) and random sampling. The obtained results show that women in Booshehr have either mass or observational participation. The equation obtained by regression shows that the variable of political awareness has the most effect on increasing women’s political participation. After that, variables of being religious, educational level, feeling of powerlessness, social rank, feeling of political efficacy, and membership in communities have the most effect on women’s political participation. Among these variables, the variable of political powerlessness has negative effects on political participation.
Sociology
Nader Razeghi; Heydar Janalizadeh; Mehdi Alizadeh
Abstract
Recently, gender differences in scientific production has increasingly been focused on by science sociologists. Awareness of scientific priorities, technology and human resources based on gender is one of the determining factors for science policy making and the success of plans. The present study aimed ...
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Recently, gender differences in scientific production has increasingly been focused on by science sociologists. Awareness of scientific priorities, technology and human resources based on gender is one of the determining factors for science policy making and the success of plans. The present study aimed to examine the status and quota of women in academic departments and social science research journals. Quantitative method and secondary analysis were used in this study. To this end, from the archive of 18 journals from 2009 to 2013, 89 journals were selected for analysis i.e. one journal was randomly selected from each year. The results showed that, from among the examined journals, 22% of women (4 journals) were directors, and 28% (8 journals) were chief editors. Out of a total of 224 members of editorial board, women comprised 21% i.e. 47 women members. Out of a total of 685 articles published in the selected journals, 19% of women were first authors and 23% were second authors. 4% of the articles were single-authored and 6.7% were co-authored by women. In other words, the number of articles written by women only (whether single-authored or co-authored) included almost 11% of the articles (i.e. 75 articles). In general, women had a decisive role in the production of knowledge and ideas i.e. equivalent to 42% of the articles published despite their little presence in the areas mentioned above. The results indicate gender inequality in academic departments and social science research journals and inadequate policy-making within the science institution in this area.
Sociology
Abdol Hosein Kalantari; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Sedigheh Rezaniya
Abstract
Although temporary marriage is a form of legitimate marriages in conformity with legal and religious institutions of the Iranian society, in this study it has been considered as a social tradition and customary recitation of a religious order. In this study, the perception of respondents about the conditions ...
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Although temporary marriage is a form of legitimate marriages in conformity with legal and religious institutions of the Iranian society, in this study it has been considered as a social tradition and customary recitation of a religious order. In this study, the perception of respondents about the conditions and motives that lead to temporary marriage has been investigated. Qualitative method and emic approach have been applied for this aim. Data is collected through depth interviews with 26 women who reside in the city of Tehran (whether they have practiced mut'a or not). Concluding points of depth interviews revealed that "social strain", "religious facilitation", "cultural strain", "a feeling of essential need", "deficiency of marital interaction", "lack of opportunity for permanent marriage", "escape from permanent marriage and its commitments”, “relative preference of temporary marriage over illegal relationship” and preparation of the stage for permanent marriage are conditions which affect the temporary marriage for women. It should be mentioned that the results of this study are largely exploratory and do not attempt to generalize in any way, due to the small sample size.
Women's Studies
Mohammad Hassan Seif; Mitra Yadegar
Abstract
Burnout syndrome includes aspects of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrement of personal accomplishment to which staffs vulnerable to because of their exposure to physical and psychological stressors. The necessity of this research is related to inadequate research on women. The current ...
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Burnout syndrome includes aspects of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrement of personal accomplishment to which staffs vulnerable to because of their exposure to physical and psychological stressors. The necessity of this research is related to inadequate research on women. The current research aims to explain burnout of working women with an emphasis on the role of organizational and psychological variables in Technical & Vocational and Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The research was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational method. The population includes all women employed at technical and vocational & Islamic Azad university of Shiraz (N=225). According to the Cochran formula, the sample size was 143 women who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data was collected using Maslach burnout inventory, Allen and Meyer`s organizational commitment questionnaire, Lu et al role- conflict and ambiguity questionnaire, Colquitt’s organizational justice questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive-statistic method that includes Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results show that justice and organizational commitment through role conflict and ambiguity mediation have indirect and negative effect on burnout. The results showed that organizational commitment has both direct and indirect effect on burnout via the mediation of role conflict and role ambiguity. Organizational justice has also both direct and indirect effect on burnout via the mediation of role conflict and role ambiguity. Role conflict and role ambiguity have shown to have direct effect on burnout. According to the fitted indices, the final model of the study has a relatively good fit.
Women's Studies
Omid Ghaderzade; Sara Khazaie
Abstract
This research seeks to explore and examine the semantic implications women's sense of insecurity in public spaces city of social interpretationism approach. In this study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and GT is used to analyze the data. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, ...
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This research seeks to explore and examine the semantic implications women's sense of insecurity in public spaces city of social interpretationism approach. In this study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and GT is used to analyze the data. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, 27 women were interviewed. Finally, collected data were analyzed and coded in the form of 10 key categories and a core category. Data analysis and modeling paradigm suggests sexual harrament, afraid of defamation and gender socialization as causal conditions, coded gendered space as a field, Objection body women interferor conditions accepting women as corporately. Corporations by being mentioned in terms of interactions, such as concealment. The evasion moved to adopt believes it has stirred fear and social isolation.
Demographics
Zeinab Kavefirooz; Shahla Kazemipoor; Morteza Ranjbar
Abstract
The main goal of this study is the effectiveness evaluation of socio-demographic variables on increasing marriage age of working female students in University of Tehran. Using statistical method and questionnaire technique, 387 married female students have been participated in this study by cluster-sampling ...
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The main goal of this study is the effectiveness evaluation of socio-demographic variables on increasing marriage age of working female students in University of Tehran. Using statistical method and questionnaire technique, 387 married female students have been participated in this study by cluster-sampling method. The explanatory variables of female students increase marriage age are: educational level, their place of origin, degree of development in their province of origin, differences in attitude on marriage between them and their parents, their socio-economic expectations, the availability of media and social tools in their place of origin, the easiness of relationship between males and females in their place of origin, partner selection methods on their place of origin and the socio-economic status of parents. Regression model analyze indicated that evaluated socio demographic factors explain about 33pesent of punctuation of marriage age. Using regression analysis and path analyses shows that the overall variable effects (direct and indirect) of availability of media and social tools by 0.435 Beta is greater than other variables. After this variable, the attitude differences of students and their parents and social expectations had important effect on age of marriage. But economical expectations and the socio-economic status of parents have a little role in marriage age.
Communications
Bijan Khajehnoori; Maryam Karimi; Saeed Keshavarzi
Abstract
Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In ...
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Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In addition, women empowerment and its dimensions (access and control of resources, participation, gender awareness, mobility and security) were investigated. Also these independent variables: marital Status, respondents and their families’ Income, social class, Education level of respondents and their spouses, Head of household status, employment status, occupation, age, technology divide, information access divide, information literacy divide were investigated. By virtue of multistage random sampling, 600 ones were selected based on leen formula. Required Datas were collected from Shiraz women aged 15-54 by means of questionnaires based on survey method. The study findings indicated variables: social status, respondent and husband education, technology divide, and information literacy divide and information access had a significant relation with the women empowerment; while marital status had no significant relationship with women empowerment. Multiple regression showed that 27 percent of the variance of women empowerment variable was explained through the independent variables (information literacy divide, respondents under Graduate Diploma).
economics
Firozeh Asghari; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing ...
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Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing countries, which are similar from different aspects. The method used in this research is comparative. The result of this study shows that despite the efforts of both countries to improve the women`s status in many key areas such as education, health, employment, according the reports of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Economic Forum, especially in Gender Inequality Index and Gender Gap Index, Malaysia is ranked higher than Iran. Why and how a country like Malaysia has a higher score than Iran, it is a question that at the end of this paper was answered.
Rural Development
Mehdi Nooripor; Zahra Tavakolitabar; Shahab Mirzaei
Abstract
Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation ...
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Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation in different social activities. Social capital may act directly through physical investment or indirectly through reducing transactions costs, satisfying people and making social action. Both of these functions can move rural societies towards development. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate social capital components determinant for women membership in production cooperatives of Choram County. A descriptive- correlational research method was used in this study. Research sample include all of women members of rural cooperatives of Choram County and the same number of Non- members. Research tool was a predesigned questionnaire that it's validity was verified using face validity procedure and it's reliability way also verified using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained from a pilot study (from 0.65 to 0.89). The results showed that the mean score of social capital was significantly more in members in comparison to non- members. Also, the result of logistic regression showed that five components i.e. interaction, trust, cooperation, solidarity and participation were significant determinants of women's membership in production cooperatives of study area respectively.
Sociology
Amir Rastegar Khaled; Mehdi Kaveh
Abstract
Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental ...
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Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental patients for cosmetic surgery in Tehran. Participants in this study comprised 26 female patients. The grounded theory is a qualitative research approach and data collection techniques are made use of in-depth interviews. The data suggest a model paradigm made to promote itself as causal conditions, context and enhance the socialization process as involving mental space as conditions are influenced. Participants included in the above circumstances, the decision to reflective strategy, which thus arises as a result of its social acceptance.
Sociology
Mohammad Taghi Iman; maryam soroush
Abstract
Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate ...
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Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate that cultural capital of the present generation has increased compared to past generation. Social capital has lowered and economic capital has not changed. The results indicate that structural variables have a significant relationship with all types of capital. Controlling these variables we conclude that cultural capital is increased between generations, social capital has not changed with the reference of generation and economic capital well distributed along class and generational dynamics have not significant relationship. Results are discussed in relation with theory and previous researches.
Demographics
Aliyar Ahmadi; Fatemeh Rosta
Abstract
Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive ...
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Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive age living in Shiraz city. A sample of 392 person was selected thorough multiple stage cluster sampling. The study is based on Pender's health promotion model, although with some revisions. The result of Cronbach’s Alpha for the test of reliability for the lifestyle index is 0.87. The findings reveals that there is a significant relationship between the education of women, the study in areas of health, the use of communication media, social identity, social support, self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, and awareness of health behavior with the dependent variable; health oriented life style. The study indicates that age of respondents, the marital status, employment status, household income and experience of some particular diseases do not have any significant relationship with the dependent variable. The results of regression models shows that four variables including self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, the study in areas of health, and awareness of health behavior explain 51 percent of changes in variance of health oriented lifestyle. Among them, self-efficacy of health is the most influential one.
Political sciences
Hosseion Masudnia; Mina Nazari; Nejat Mohammadifar
Abstract
Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political ...
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Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political participation and presence especially in Legislature Branch increase dramatically as well. This study is to evaluate women participation and presence in Legislature Branch before and after Islamic Revolution through comparative-analytic approach by stressing the importance of political participation of women in the development of the country.Findings of this article indicate thatwomen political participation has undergone striking fluctuation from Pahlavi period to Islamic Revolution. Although women have fulfilled scientific and socio-political accomplishments hence there is a long way to go in order to utilize their abilities in the management structure of the country pertinently. It seems that their participation in this level demands motivation and eliminating existing obstacles.
Sociology
Bijan Khajenoori; Leila Parnian
Abstract
This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research ...
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This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research tool was questionnaire. The sampling method used in the survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size estimated according to Lin Table was 600. The results show a significant relationship between the modernism, reflection, sex role attitude, foreign mass media and globalization consciousness (R2=28.8) with social acceptance of the body (total).
Urban
Ahmad Pourahmad; Yousef Ashrafi; Tala Rashidy
Abstract
In recent decades, changes can be observed around the presence of women in urban public spaces. This paper investigates on the presence of women in these spaces in terms of selectivity or necessity. Method of research is survey and questionnaire is used to collect data. The statistical sample includes ...
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In recent decades, changes can be observed around the presence of women in urban public spaces. This paper investigates on the presence of women in these spaces in terms of selectivity or necessity. Method of research is survey and questionnaire is used to collect data. The statistical sample includes 128 male and 133 female residents of the city of Tabriz that are studied with random sampling. According to the research findings, freedom and independence of women for attending in public spaces is less than those of men. Family restrictions, female specific tasks and lack of performing suitable activities for women in public spaces such as park are the most important limiting factors for the presence of women in public spaces. The presence of women in this sphere has been intensively increased. With regard to the extensive presence of women in academic, educational and working centers, part of this increase is inevitable. Another reason is related to the reduction of men and households' resistance against women for their presence in public spheres. In other words, social attitudes (including both groups of women and men) have been transformed toward urban public spaces and participation of women in these spaces.
Demographics
Maryam Soroush; Shole Bahrani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using ...
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The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using stratified random sampling. Findings showed that alsoreligiosity has a significant relationship to actual number of children but there is aconsiderable agreement about ideal number of them can be seen regardless of religiosity.Attitudes towards gender roles have a significant relationship with the ideal number ofchildren which remains significant after control of other variables. Finding suggests thatwomen plan number of their children regarding the role of a good woman in their mind. Theresults show that the rate of population growth has strong cultural roots and is a consequenceof changing values to more individualistic nature and gender role attitudes. Women now aremore care about quality of family life and upbringing better children and it is more importantthan the number of children.
Management
Aliyeh Kazemi; Afsaneh Dehghanpour
Abstract
In recent years, women’s presence has increased in society and in work spaces. Nevertheless,the rate of their promotion to high ranking managerial positions does not correspond to theireducational developments in most of countries, especially in Iran due to some barriers whichare different in different ...
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In recent years, women’s presence has increased in society and in work spaces. Nevertheless,the rate of their promotion to high ranking managerial positions does not correspond to theireducational developments in most of countries, especially in Iran due to some barriers whichare different in different societies and companies and at different times. The aim of thissurvey is to identify and prioritize the barriers keeping women away from managerialpositions (in oil industry). In this research the barriers of women’s presence in managerialpositions identified using a qualitative method and interview with 47 experts and mangers ofoil industry in Tehran. Then the barriers prioritized from the viewpoint of women and menusing Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results show men consider the individual barriers moreimportant and have a negative attitude towards women's capabilities and capacities, whilewomen consider the individual barriers less important.
Hatam Hosseini; Maryam Geravand
Abstract
With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting ...
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With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting the gap in women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage for girlsin the city of Koohdasht. Residents of this regionethnically and culturally belong to Lor and Lak ethnic groups. Lack of any knowledgeonmarriage patterns ofwomen of these ethnic groups would necessitate this study. Data istakenfrom a survey conducted on a sample of 395 once-married women living in ordinaryhouseholds atthe city of Koohdasht in April 2013. A combination of sampling techniquesincluding multistage clustering and systematic random sampling were employed. Resultsindicated gaps in women’s behavior and their attitude on the appropriate age ofmarriage. The63 percent of participants proposed a mean age of marriage for girls completely different tothe age of their own marriage. The gaps are mostly in a negative direction. More than 80percent of women took part in the test proposed a higher age for girls’ marriage compared totheir own age of marriage. According to this study, socio-economic status of women,postmaterialist attitudes to marriage, women’s autonomy and age at the time of the studyhadthe most impact on the rate of the gap between women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage. The results also reflected the fact that the combination ofsocio-economic, demographic characteristics and ethnic-cultural factors could provide a betterexplanation forthe gap in women’s behavior and attitude on theage of marriage.
Omid Qaderzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 35-65
Abstract
One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to ...
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One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to study empirically the theory of the relationship between the amount of economic capital as well as of social and cultural enjoyment and the sense of belonging, commitment and loyalty of women towards tribal and national identities. In order to study the above mentioned relationship I have used a sample group of 375 women aged 18 to 45 living in Sanandaj. The method used was survey and the data were collected by using a questionnaire which had already been checked for reliability and validity.
The Research results indicate that a positive and negative correlation between cultural and social capital and the salience of the national and ethnic identities are respectively a positive correlation between economical capital and the various types of collective identities. Yet, the highest degree of correlation is with national identity. Also, the correlation between the various types of collective identity and the objectified and embodied dimensions of cultural capital is to some extent different from that with the institutionalized dimension. Among aspects of social capital, civic and institutional relations carries influential and strengthening effect on national identity and in sum explain 59 and 37 percent of variations of the national and ethnic identity among the women under study.
Maryam Mokhtari; Halimeh enayat
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 67-87
Abstract
The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience ...
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The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience of cosmetic surgery during the year 2008 in Shiraz were selected for an in depth interview. To achieve the grounded theory during coding analysis, 36 concepts, 9sub categories, 3 essential categories and 1 core category named: “Women’s own body image overshadowed by implicit, preponderant, appearance oriented views of men towards women in different ways” were extracted. The results show that women’s body image is formed through their gender attitude towards themselves, men towards women and women towards men. However the attitude of women toward themselves is inspired by the attitude of men toward looks and appearance of women.
Advancements in science of beauty surgeries has had the role of facilitator in paying more attention to the body and looks and has assisted men with their appearance based view towards women.
Ariyan Gholipour; Somayeh Labafi; Mahdiyeh Jalalpour
Abstract
Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in ...
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Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their position as an academic member has remained to be a problem. Applying a qualitative method and the Ground Theory, the present research tries to study the challenges ahead of women to enter male academic networks at universities. 18 professors have been selected through purposive sampling and snow ball method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Strauss & Corbin’s constant comparative method. The research findings suggest that the most important obstacles to women’s entry to male academic network of universities are legal, cultural and family problems among others.
