Women's Studies
Maryam Ahmadinejad; Elahe Marandi
Abstract
Despite the accepted fact that the ideal family, as the foundation and main cell of society, has a direct impact on the progress of society, today, we are confronted with significant threats to the foundation of the family as a result of the disparity between the performance of certain societies and ...
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Despite the accepted fact that the ideal family, as the foundation and main cell of society, has a direct impact on the progress of society, today, we are confronted with significant threats to the foundation of the family as a result of the disparity between the performance of certain societies and moral-religious traditions. A hazard that has been significantly de-stigmatized in recent years is the unconventional and unnatural sexual tendencies of individuals toward their own sex. We have observed that numerous international authorities in their jurisprudence do not exhibit discrimination or inequality toward civil institutions that are established based on unconventional sexual tendencies, despite the strong and emphatic prohibition of religions, particularly Islam, against unconventional sexual tendencies. They equate these institutions with the sacred institution of the family. This unnatural perspective has had such a profound impact on them that, in addition to eliminating historical punishments for this immoral activity, they have criminalized opposition to homosexuality as hatred. This has advanced to the extent that certain countries have even acknowledged “marriage,” a term that is historically and naturally associated with relationships between men and women, for relationships that are based on aberrant sexual tendencies. This is despite the fact that homosexuality, or unconventional and unnatural sexual tendencies, has been regarded as ugly, disgusting, and unnatural throughout history. In Islamic teachings, it is also referred to as prostitution and is considered one of the major sins that has been assigned the most severe punitive measures.
Women's Studies
Nasimosadat Mahbobi Sharyat Panahi; Mahdie Mohammad taghizade
Abstract
Nowadays, social development is a concept of great importance for social theorists. One of the key indicators of development is the amount of active participation of non - governmental organizations due to the fact that one of their significant roles is to take care of quality of life of all people. ...
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Nowadays, social development is a concept of great importance for social theorists. One of the key indicators of development is the amount of active participation of non - governmental organizations due to the fact that one of their significant roles is to take care of quality of life of all people. Regarding this, social development of nations depends on non - governmental organizations ’s participation in advocacy of rights of social groups and deprived individuals. Given that social support for families at risk of social damage has been related to individuals’ responsibility and accountability on one hand and social rights of individuals on the other hand. Based on this perspective non - governmental organization’s participation and studying their challenges can facilitate supporting these families. So, this paper as a qualitative study scrutinizes non - governmental organization’s participation in realization of social support for vulnerable families. This study was carried out with qualitative Approach with Content Analysis Method. In the present study, samples were selected using target sampling. For this method shows the selection is purposeful and crucialFor this purpose, 20 women working in the women's social sector were selected through targeted sampling from 50 women based in Tehran working in this field. The first list of all non - governmental organizations was received from the Vice President for Women and Family. Therefore, 20 women working in the women's social field were selected through targeted sampling among 50 women working in this field based in Tehran. In total, according to the elaboration and acceptance of the interview, 10 non - governmental organizations were analyzed in the research, the interviews continued until information saturation, up to more interviews did not give the researcher any new information and did not suggest a new category. It was important that women were represented in the samples as voluntary participation in the area of family and injury is generally welcomed by women and women play a more important role in this matter. From this point of view, being a female was an important indicator for the research to obtain data from the highest participation group.The main question of the present study is, what are the challenges in the participation of the non - governmental organizations in the access of families to social services? The repetition frequency was also compiled based on the repetition in the interviews for each finding. The highest frequency of repetition in intra-organizational challenges included economic problems, managerial weakness, and unfamiliarity with members' cooperative work coordinates, respectively, and the lowest frequency was dedicated to insufficient awareness, knowledge, and expertise in the field of vulnerable families. Also, the highest frequency of repetition in extra-organizational challenges, respectively, includes a charitable perception of the activity of non - governmental organizations and a political perception of the activity of non - governmental organizations in the field of damage, and the lowest frequency of repetition in extra-organizational challenges is simultaneously due to the weakness of networking in non - governmental organizations and lack of transparency. It has a legal structure.The results of the research emphasize that it should be noted that the participation of farmers cannot be seen only in a linear spectrum of zero and one, but based on the type and manner of their activity, the amount of their participation should be based on a spectrum with two ends from passive participation to active participation.From this point of view, the activity of non - governmental organizations will be defined from an active participation to a passive participation, and in between, there will be semi-active and without any doubt semi-passive, etc. Also, the findings of the research indicate that in the field of education, the activity of non - governmental organizations is active participation, but in the field of gender politics, this participation tends to be passive. It should be noted that education has been given more attention by non - governmental organizations not only as an aspect of social services, but also as a tool for the realization of other aspects of social services used by them to achieve their goals. So, this kind of the participation of the non - governmental organizations is not properly and efficiency in the field of for vulnerable families.
Women's Studies
Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi Nasrabad
Abstract
This study aims at identifying the areas of work-family conflict as well as the ways to balance work and family plans. Its approach is qualitative, and its methodology is based on phenomenology. The sample involves 27 women with children under 12, who work in Tehran Municipality. They are selected through ...
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This study aims at identifying the areas of work-family conflict as well as the ways to balance work and family plans. Its approach is qualitative, and its methodology is based on phenomenology. The sample involves 27 women with children under 12, who work in Tehran Municipality. They are selected through purposive sampling with maximum variety in terms of age, number of children, position, and type of contract, then to be determined based on the theoretical saturation level. The data collection method is in-depth interview and the analysis method is thematic analysis, extracted in three methods of open, axial, and selective coding. Based on this study’s findings, the areas of conflict are divided into 8 sub-themes and 3 main themes: "high job requirements", "unequal gender approach in the private and public spheres", and "abandonment and marginalization of policies for family and childbearing ". Working mothers also make great efforts to adapt and use a variety of strategies. These strategies, extracted from a total of 95 basic concepts and 18 sub-themes, are classified into two main themes, namely "bounded rationality" and "formation of non-traditional organizational arrangements". In general, while policy initiatives can be effective in helping women adapt to dual roles, many women still address these issues on an individual or personal level. Working women feel that the policies adopted by the organization are insufficient and have no executive guarantee; therefore, they do not affect their lives significantly.
gholamreza tajbakhsh
Abstract
Extramarital affairs are one of the main harmful factors in the structure and stability of the family, which has harmful individual, family and social consequences. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the formation of extramarital relationships. ...
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Extramarital affairs are one of the main harmful factors in the structure and stability of the family, which has harmful individual, family and social consequences. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the formation of extramarital relationships. The research method used is Q, and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical sample using purposive sampling method includes 40 experts and activists in the field of social harms (extramarital affairs). The results of the study lead to the extraction of 4 main factors of marital infidelity: socio-cultural (the effect of virtual social networks, reduced attitudes towards moral values, inappropriate marriage, etc.), psychological (experience of premarital sex) , Suffering from mental, mood and personality disorders, poor communication and life skills training, etc.), economic (family financial and livelihood problems, earning and materialism, male unemployment) and family (revenge on the spouse, Lack of adherence to marital obligations, monotony in marital relations, etc.). Lack of understanding, comprehension and interpretation of the deep layers of this complex and multidimensional problem and ways to reduce it, will lead to further disintegration of the family institution.
Somayeh Arab Khorasani
Abstract
Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure ...
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Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure of gender in prescribed identity of individual under its influence Therefore, this paper apply narrative analysis approach with 30 men and women participants who have at least one experience of marriage and divorce. The result indicates that gender and its late transition in social actor's mentality counteract with the institution of family has great influence on the dissolution of family. Social actors, especially women, in their new interpretation of the meaning of gender have found it in contrast with family that made them decide to stay or leave. Therefore, the encounter of the evolved gender and the somehow fixed family form is the cause of divorce in middle range level that needs more and deeper investigation.
Ahmad Dorahaki; Reza Nobakht
Abstract
When the concept of gender is used in explaining fertility, it is often confined to changes in education and employment status of women. While an important part of gender equality returns to the family domain. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 600 eligible women aged 18-44 years were studied in urban ...
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When the concept of gender is used in explaining fertility, it is often confined to changes in education and employment status of women. While an important part of gender equality returns to the family domain. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 600 eligible women aged 18-44 years were studied in urban areas of Bushehr province. Cluster analysis results showed two different types of gender equality within the family among responsive women. Men participation in childcare, men participation in home works, men participation outside the home (related to home works) and women's participation in family decisions in first type was less than average, while each of the variables mentioned in second type are above average. Results of multivariate analysis showed that -by controlling other research variables- the probability of going to higher parity progression in families with a higher gender equality structure, it is about 2.56 times higher than in families with a lower gender equality structure. According to the results of this study, it can be said that culture and discourse in order to increase gender equality within the family can play an important and decisive role in increasing women's intention fertility.
Sociology
Nahid Hosseini; Seyed Mohammad Seyed Mirzaie; Bagher Sarokhani
Abstract
Today, the family has undergone dramatic changes due to various social, economic and cultural conditions. The marriage of the young people is an issue with downward trend that raised social concern at micro and macro levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the meaning of the marriage and the ...
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Today, the family has undergone dramatic changes due to various social, economic and cultural conditions. The marriage of the young people is an issue with downward trend that raised social concern at micro and macro levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the meaning of the marriage and the mental image of youth about marriage and how they choose strategies for marriage. The research approach is qualitative and its methodology is the grounded theory. The participants were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling of 28 single Youth from different regions of Tehran in 2017. The data were collected by semi-structured deep interview techniques. The research data were categorized based on open, axial and selective coding and to obtain ultimately the core of the research. The results of the research show that the "rejection" answers of the participants to the marriage are mainly due to four main categories including fear, reluctance, decline of transcendental values and pleasure. Their semantic reasons are mainly in the three main categories including livelihood issues such as the insecure economy, the inability to manage costs, and women's financial independence, and also inclusive values such as ethical values and social-communicational relations, including the social status and the current relationship between the two sexes. In the end, it is suggested that for the marriage of young people, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to their livelihoods such as employment and income, socialization of the norms and value infrastructures affecting the family institution leading to development of communication relationships.
Sociology
Soheila Alirezanejad; Elahe Khakpour Marvasti
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the effect of money and its dual function on the continuity of a family. In this regard, mixed method (field research and survey) is designed. The data were collected through semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The findings reveal that based on a traditional role ...
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This research aims to analyze the effect of money and its dual function on the continuity of a family. In this regard, mixed method (field research and survey) is designed. The data were collected through semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The findings reveal that based on a traditional role men are bread winners of the family. Women’s ability of making money may bring a new financial challenge for men’s traditional role as breadwinners of family; which can create sort of new marital economic relations in the family. However, when this role is disturbed by women, some serious challenges happen in family’s life. This condition, particularly in the early years of marriage when the wife is young, results in emergence of the idea of separation. However, feminine money creates some experience of co-breadwinning for family which may create a new balance between spouses. As the age of marriage increases, this balance may prevent marital separation. Then, as sort of catalyst, feminine money plays a dual role in separation between spouses.
Women's Studies
Seyyed Mohamadsadegh Mahdavi; Mohamadreza Mohamadjani
Abstract
Using social interpretivism approach, this research studies the process of political socialization of female students and its main agents. The process of political socialization is important because all political thoughts and attitudes of people are shaped through this process. Grounded theory is applied ...
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Using social interpretivism approach, this research studies the process of political socialization of female students and its main agents. The process of political socialization is important because all political thoughts and attitudes of people are shaped through this process. Grounded theory is applied and data have been collected by in-depth interviews. Based on purposive sampling and also taking into consideration the theoretical saturation, twenty female students from Shiraz Islamic Azad University participated in this study. The findings indicate that in a cultural sphere whereby the political socialization is marginal and while agents such as media, educational institutions and friendship groups are inefficient, family, as the only reliable institution, bears the burden of the socialization process.
Psychology
Asad Allah Babaei Fard
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of women's employment on Family and Social Relations in the city of Aran & Bidgol. The theoretical framework of research is Role Conflict theory. Survey methods is used in this study and the statistical population included all women working in the city of Aran & ...
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This study investigates the effect of women's employment on Family and Social Relations in the city of Aran & Bidgol. The theoretical framework of research is Role Conflict theory. Survey methods is used in this study and the statistical population included all women working in the city of Aran & Bidgol. Using Cochran's formula and Simple Random Sampling, 250 married women were selected as research sample. Statistical tests show that there is meaningful and direct relationship between Conflictin Social Relations, Conflict in Housekeeping, Conflict in Spouse Handling, Conflict in Children Handling, Age, Number of Children and Work Pressures. There is also an inverse relation between Education and Working Pressure. In the Multivariate Analysis and Path Analysis among the four first variables, only two variables, namely Conflictin Social Relations and Conflict in Housekeeping, entered into the regression equation and other variables are out of the equation. As a result, Work Pressure on employed women creates effects on their Social Relations and Housekeeping that in trurn, creates new conflicts for them. The paper argues how Role Conflicts, in particular Work Pressures, can create risks for physical and mental health of working women.
Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Zeinab Malekipour
Abstract
This study aimsto investigate an aspect of marital interactions, distance. By applying aqualitative method and conducting 43 in-depth semi-structured interviews, including 22women and 21 men, women and men experiences of distance were investigated based on theirown narratives.The results of the study ...
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This study aimsto investigate an aspect of marital interactions, distance. By applying aqualitative method and conducting 43 in-depth semi-structured interviews, including 22women and 21 men, women and men experiences of distance were investigated based on theirown narratives.The results of the study suggested different forms of distance in couples' relationships,which can be classified to distance made bychoice, distance made byconflict, and distancemade byposition (situation). Although some forms of distance can cause dissociation incouple's relationship, distancesmadebychoice and some other types of distance can lead tostrength in the relationship. It is notable that because of the limited sample size of this study,its results cannot be generalized at all.
Hatam Hosseini; Maryam Geravand
Abstract
With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting ...
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With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting the gap in women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage for girlsin the city of Koohdasht. Residents of this regionethnically and culturally belong to Lor and Lak ethnic groups. Lack of any knowledgeonmarriage patterns ofwomen of these ethnic groups would necessitate this study. Data istakenfrom a survey conducted on a sample of 395 once-married women living in ordinaryhouseholds atthe city of Koohdasht in April 2013. A combination of sampling techniquesincluding multistage clustering and systematic random sampling were employed. Resultsindicated gaps in women’s behavior and their attitude on the appropriate age ofmarriage. The63 percent of participants proposed a mean age of marriage for girls completely different tothe age of their own marriage. The gaps are mostly in a negative direction. More than 80percent of women took part in the test proposed a higher age for girls’ marriage compared totheir own age of marriage. According to this study, socio-economic status of women,postmaterialist attitudes to marriage, women’s autonomy and age at the time of the studyhadthe most impact on the rate of the gap between women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage. The results also reflected the fact that the combination ofsocio-economic, demographic characteristics and ethnic-cultural factors could provide a betterexplanation forthe gap in women’s behavior and attitude on theage of marriage.
Hooshang Nayebi; Meimanat Golshani
Abstract
This research is related to power conception and aims to investigate factors affectingwomen`s decision-making power in families. To do this, the Resources theory has been reliedon in this research. Based on the Resources theory, occupation, education, income, job statusand property are the factors related ...
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This research is related to power conception and aims to investigate factors affectingwomen`s decision-making power in families. To do this, the Resources theory has been reliedon in this research. Based on the Resources theory, occupation, education, income, job statusand property are the factors related to women`s decision-making power in families. In thisinvestigation, data was collected through the survey method and questionnairemethod.Thesamples were 350 jobless and employed married women in Babolwhich was taken by themulti-stage cluster sampling. The results showedthat women`s power is generally high infamilies and some variables such as job, educationand assetare the factors increasingwomen`s power. However, there is no relationship between income and job status andwomen`s power in families.
Halimeh enayat; tahereh raeisi
Abstract
One of recent developments in modern societies is the evolution in the structure of power division in the family and changes in reciprocal actions between wife and husband. This research aims to study the factors affecting distribution of power in the family by using the theories of: social capital, ...
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One of recent developments in modern societies is the evolution in the structure of power division in the family and changes in reciprocal actions between wife and husband. This research aims to study the factors affecting distribution of power in the family by using the theories of: social capital, valuable resources, and sociability of gender. The data has been collected through survey method and questionnaire among 400 married women of Jiroft by multi-stage cluster sampling. The results show that the variables: social capital, income, awareness of the respondent of women’s rights respectively describe 43.1 percent of changes related to the variable of power division in families.
mohammad abas zadeh; ali reza ostad rahimi; fariba ghani afshard; parvin ali pour
Abstract
Food safety is among the important and remarkable subjects which is considered fundamental and a basic need of individuals and society so that lack of food or nutritional disorders has serious consequences and worrying reflections. This paper aims to measure nutritional disorders among female citizens ...
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Food safety is among the important and remarkable subjects which is considered fundamental and a basic need of individuals and society so that lack of food or nutritional disorders has serious consequences and worrying reflections. This paper aims to measure nutritional disorders among female citizens of Tabriz and Intends to identify social and cultural factors affecting it. Survey method was applied and measuring instrument was localized Standard questionnaire. The study sample included 400 women and girls aged 15-49 in the year 1389 in Tabriz who were selected by stratified random sampling based on Census 1385 and the among 432 127 individuals. The results indicate the independent variables (influence of family, peers, media, religion and the impact of social comparisons), social comparison variable has the highest influence on respondents' level of nutritional disorders and mentioned variables explain 34% of the variable changes dependant variable (eating disorder).
Qaesm Zaeri
Abstract
Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism ...
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Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism of Western political customs, especially in the liberal debate of ‘public order’. In this debate, liberal theorists treat the ‘family’ as a part of a ‘personal sphere’ or a ‘strictly private area,’ and thus, by taking this stance, drive it out from the attention of public debate and legislation; the result of which, being that it leads to the perfect breeding ground for male dominance and for the fostering of unfair relations.This paper, reviewing the aforementioned standpoint, illustrates that ‘family’, has been subject to legislation in Muslim society since the emergence of Islam, and an abundance of rules and laws have been created in order to establish healthy and just relations and protect women's rights. Indeed, from the viewpoint of Islam, the family structure has been created on the basis of affection, and specific rules have been formed for regulating this important establishment.
Ahmad Etemadi; Javad Ebrahimi
Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2011
Abstract
Family is the most fundamental social unit which can undergo a trauma
when a new member joins it, leading to changes in its structure and function, thus inevitably altering the roles, duties and expectation of the members. Therefore, conformity and nonconformity of family members and the subsequent ...
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Family is the most fundamental social unit which can undergo a trauma
when a new member joins it, leading to changes in its structure and function, thus inevitably altering the roles, duties and expectation of the members. Therefore, conformity and nonconformity of family members and the subsequent effects on the family gains significance. Other than the addition of a newborn baby and adoption, such change may occur following the marriage of one of the members; especially the remarriage of the father and addition of a step-mother to the family, with the first wife still living with the family. If the new addition fails to even out the relationship of this new member – who is considered as the rival of the first wife–with those of the others, it gives rise to negative emotional and psychological damages, which may in turn affect the psychological and mental health of the existing family members. The available literature on this issue shows that upon the addition of the second wife to such families, the existing members encounter many challenges including social and economic changes and conflicts as well as the transformation of their internal and external interactions, thus their subsequent effects on the members are significant. This research is a comparative study on the mental health of children living in monogamy & bigamy families in the Iranian city of Khaf. Population of the study consists of all girls and boys studying literature, science and mathematic at public high schools during 2007-2008 school year. Using random sampling 30 boys and 38 girls of bigamy families are selected for the purpose of the study. In the same manner, the same number of boys and girls are selected from monogamy families. The research takes advantage of casual-comparative method. Data analysis of the two independent groups covers a wide range of methods including descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as t-test and assessment of the data includes SCL-90_R checklist. The results show that there is a meaningful difference between the mental health of children living in polygamy and those living in bigamy families. Moreover, the findings of the study reveal that children of monogamy families enjoy a greater level of mental health than bigamy families in terms of aspects such as stress, physical complaints, compulsion, aggression, psychosis, interpersonal relations sensitivity. The findings also prove that there is not any meaningful difference between their paranoid ideas, depression and phobia.
Khadijeh Safiri; Razieh Arasteh; Marzieh Mousavi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Halime Enayat; Mansooreh dastranj
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2009
Abstract
In order to develop a country it is necessary to pay attention to women’s role particularly their talents and abilities. Many governments have
overcome their economical crisis by adopting measures and policies for higher participation of women. Sociological theories argue that social
structure, workplace, ...
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In order to develop a country it is necessary to pay attention to women’s role particularly their talents and abilities. Many governments have
overcome their economical crisis by adopting measures and policies for higher participation of women. Sociological theories argue that social
structure, workplace, and family affect women’s access to entrepreneurial opportunities and may influence performance. The families can create
opportunities and limitations that affect women’s individual efforts. The current essay surveys family situation and family support in entrepreneurial
activity. The results of the statistical analysis show that family’s entrepreneur, divorce, husband’s death, emotion family, financial, and
networks support are some of effective factors in development of women entrepreneurship. Among them “economical needs” are the most effective
factors in start up of Iranian women's business.
Volume 3, Issue 2 , September 2005
Abstract
Power and its accessibility is one of the most important issues in social science. In more traditional societies, the power was an important phenomena in the family and most often it belonged to men. The occurrence of patrilineal led to the enhancement of male dominance and brought men many privileges.
In ...
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Power and its accessibility is one of the most important issues in social science. In more traditional societies, the power was an important phenomena in the family and most often it belonged to men. The occurrence of patrilineal led to the enhancement of male dominance and brought men many privileges.
In this article it is tried to address some of the issues such as:
- Recognition of power and its implications
- Discussion of power in original thoughts
- To identity an applied model to explain the relation between power and women in family arena.
The methodology which is applied in this study is documentary one.
In contemporary societies, gender roles in the family as discussed by functionalists (such as Parsons) is not convincing any more. Conflict and feminist theories also encounter deficiencies.
Due to social changes, male domination is changing within the family sphere. And with women's involvement in the decision-making process, gender inequality in the family is going to be undermined.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
The emergence of families with two income sources (employment of husband and wife) is one of the important social changes in Iran. This type of family, despite benefiting from a blending of roles, is faced with certain pressures, which stem from traditional division of labor within the family and new ...
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The emergence of families with two income sources (employment of husband and wife) is one of the important social changes in Iran. This type of family, despite benefiting from a blending of roles, is faced with certain pressures, which stem from traditional division of labor within the family and new responsibilities of its members. If the conflict is not properly managed, have a negative impact on the social unity and functions of the family as well as the emotional and social health of the members. This paper identifies the impact of social support as one of the resources for addressing the conflict of work/family and gender-based expectations in two income families. The findings of a surrey conducted in Tehran demonstrate that the strategies chosen for addressing the conflict of work and family tend to be influenced by traditional gender roles. Additionally, the study indicates; women prefer to receive family support in addressing the
pressures, while men choose professional support systems as a means of addressing the conflict.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the family, social and political positions of women in the Safavid period, with the aime of understanding thr gender stereotypes in a different dimensions and ears. A historical explanatory approach has been utilized for the research. Research finding demonstrates ...
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The purpose of this study is to examine the family, social and political positions of women in the Safavid period, with the aime of understanding thr gender stereotypes in a different dimensions and ears. A historical explanatory approach has been utilized for the research. Research finding demonstrates in Iran, the situation of women after the Mongolian invasion and during the Safavid era was subject to fewer transformations. Women in these periods did not enjoy legal rights, individual freedoms, personal access to wealth and ownership. Families would offer their daughters as gifts to kings, as part of the royal harems, so that through their daughters they could gain higher social and economic status. Gender stereotypes that existed during that time, and perhaps persist to date and continue to limit the advanement of women.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2003
Abstract
Globalization is an encompassing phenomenon, which has created challenges for all of humanity. The family, as a social institution, has experienced some transformations brought about by globalization. The issue under study in this paper examines the potential impact of globalization on the family and ...
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Globalization is an encompassing phenomenon, which has created challenges for all of humanity. The family, as a social institution, has experienced some transformations brought about by globalization. The issue under study in this paper examines the potential impact of globalization on the family and the challenges and the opportunities that are created by globalization for today's family. The results of this study point to fact that the family in the era of globalization will continue to survive. However, there will be changes in the family structure and in the relations between family members. The typical nuclear family will experiences transformations, and greater varieties of family types. Additionally, the power structure of patriarchy within families, women's greater awareness, their social participation, employment and education, will transform their status in the family and society. While globalization can have the potential to create opportunities for the eradication of patriarchy and increase of women's rights, it also holds many challenges in the realm of identity and structural relations of family members. As such, it is important to understand globalization in its various dimensions and its possible impact, so that its positive opportunities can be harnessed and its challenges be appropriately addressed.
