Physical Education and Sports Science
marzieh movafagh; Rasool Nazari; Elham Moshkelgosha
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to provide a model and explain ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management. In terms of philosophy, the current research is interpretive type, in terms of approach it is establishment type, in terms of strategy it is of foundational data theory type, ...
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The purpose of this research was to provide a model and explain ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management. In terms of philosophy, the current research is interpretive type, in terms of approach it is establishment type, in terms of strategy it is of foundational data theory type, in terms of research selection it is of qualitative research type and in terms of time period it is cross-sectional type and to collect its data from The interview tool is used. The statistical community of this research was made up of experts in the fields of sports management and educational sciences, psychology and political sciences, and managers and experts of the General Department of Physical Education. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation limit was reached, so 15 interviews were conducted. To collect information, semi-structured interviews were used, and for data analysis, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding, and theoretical coding were used. By adapting the text of all the interviews in the open coding stage, 303 concepts or initial codes were identified, which were reduced to 23 codes after aggregating similar codes together. Then, in the axial coding stage, 10 main categories were determined by considering the semantic affinity of the identified concepts. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the selection criteria for management positions in sports organizations are not fair due to cultural and individual reasons. It should be hierarchically and starting from the middle level, with bills that lead to laws that make the presence of women in social and cultural fields, including sports activities, more prominent, and women are selected in the current positions and positions with an attitude of meritocracy and specialization. Also, the structural concepts in this field should be modified in order to change the attitudes towards women and their capabilities.
Considering the current situation, the first suggestion is to make it hierarchical and starting from the middle level, with bills that will lead to laws that will make the presence of women in social and cultural fields, including sports activities, more prominent and take better advantage of them. come The second suggestion also suggests that women should be selected in the current positions and positions with an attitude of meritocracy and specialization, and women should gain the trust of the society with their successful performance. It should be noted that this research has faced limitations. It should be considered in generalizing the results. The first limitation is that this research has only covered the views of the participants in the research, i.e. experts in the fields of sports management and educational sciences, psychology and political sciences, and managers and experts of the General Directorate of Physical Education, so their opinions can be generalized to Not all the beneficiaries of sports are women. On the other hand, in this research, due to the qualitative nature of the research, it was not possible to determine which of the determinants play the greatest role in explaining the methods of reducing gender inequality in Iran's sports management, and how much their role is. Therefore, future researchers are suggested to examine the views of all the beneficiaries of women's sports regarding the issue of reducing gender inequality in their sports management and by presenting a comparative study of their differences and similarities, their opinions to study Also, future researchers are suggested to determine which of the factors is more important and preferable in future planning and allocation of resources by conducting a quantitative study while verifying qualitative structures using multi-criteria decision-making studies. Pay more attention to them.
The general conclusion derived from the most important suggestions was that the explanation of the ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management is the basis of gender equality in sports, the existence of equal opportunities for women and men in the sports environment, equal access to sports opportunities, close relationship with They have equal presence in important departments, especially in decision-making mechanisms. In today's society, women have managed to get more education, but there is a problem why they have not received the same opportunities for career advancement as their male counterparts, and there is concern to conduct research due to the almost equal population of women compared to men and also the interest This research is due to the neglected capabilities of women in the management and development of sports, and the subject to be considered is why women have not been able to achieve their rightful position in management positions in sports.
Physical Education and Sports Science
kamal javanmard; alireza sanatkhah
Abstract
It is necessary to study the grounds of public sports in order to prevent physiological injuries, especially poor mobility and psychological problems and social harm among the female students. Following data collection, this study was conducted with a qualitative approach to explain the effective ...
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It is necessary to study the grounds of public sports in order to prevent physiological injuries, especially poor mobility and psychological problems and social harm among the female students. Following data collection, this study was conducted with a qualitative approach to explain the effective social conditions and contexts of the female students of Payam Noor University in Kerman participating in public sports in 2019. The participants in the research were 31 female students studying in this university, who were targeted using a convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews have been used as a data collection tool. To achieve the criterion of reliability, three methods have been used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques. The collected data have been analyzed consistent with grounded theory, in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding. After analyzing the research findings, the categories of economic crisis, social support and social capital as the most important indicators were found. Causal conditions, personal management of the body / cultural expectations / sports infrastructure as intervening conditions, and healthy lifestyle as the most important background were recognized. Building infrastructure / environmental security / motivation of officials as action-interactions and control of violence in society have been identified as the most important consequences of participation in public sports. The result indicates that women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of the cultural and social context in society and would increase by the raise of society’s awareness of its benefits.
Physical Education and Sports Science
Marzieh Movafagh; Rasool Nazari; naser shahriary
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions of glass ceiling on women's management in sports. The present study follows the interpretive paradigm and inductive logic with a qualitative approach. Using a combination of previous studies in the last 10 years, a total of 163 studies have been ...
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The purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions of glass ceiling on women's management in sports. The present study follows the interpretive paradigm and inductive logic with a qualitative approach. Using a combination of previous studies in the last 10 years, a total of 163 studies have been extracted from various databases in both English and Persian. The criteria for entering research for analysis closely follow the main question of the research. They entail using interviews to gather information from specific participants, using theoretical saturation to determine the participants themselves, and using coding for analysis. Finally, eight studies are selected with the necessary criteria, and analyzed using content analysis technique. The central category of the present study, based on the glass ceiling of women's management in sports, is consisted of five main categories and 14 sub-categories. The main categories include: prevalence of patriarchal culture in society, lack of trust in society in women's empowerment, disregard for macro-policies in the development of women's sports, women's low self-esteem in the development of women's sports, incompatibility of women's work, and personal environment. Given the dimensions of glass ceiling of women's management in sports, the criteria for selecting management positions in sports organizations are not fair for cultural and personal reasons. Extensive studies in this field should be conducted to change the attitudes toward women and their capabilities.
Physical Education and Sports Science
Batool Arabnarmi
Abstract
This article examines women's discursive space of physical activity in order to answer an important question: Why most women have problems with regular physical activity and cannot permanently benefit from a long-term regular exercise program. The analysis was performed with concepts discussed in the ...
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This article examines women's discursive space of physical activity in order to answer an important question: Why most women have problems with regular physical activity and cannot permanently benefit from a long-term regular exercise program. The analysis was performed with concepts discussed in the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe (1995). There are two main discourses in women's physical activity, fear of fat as a big discourse and healthism as a small discourse. The result introduces a hypothesis: long-term goals and regular attendance in physical activity is related to goals created by healthism discourse and personal responsibility about health behaviors, also irregular attendance activity is related to priorities and goals created by fear of fat discourse. Identifying and categorizing topics show each of physical, mental and social targets achieve meaning from the fear of fat discourse because of its dominance and superiority. Future planning of physical activity for women should be established while taking into account the dominant discourses in these spaces.
