majid yasouri; masoumeh noroozinezhad
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is one of the activities that can solve many major challenges such as unemployment, low income, lack of economic diversity, etc., in rural areas, in which women, as one of the influential groups in rural society, play an important role. have; For this reason, strengthening the entrepreneurship ...
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Entrepreneurship is one of the activities that can solve many major challenges such as unemployment, low income, lack of economic diversity, etc., in rural areas, in which women, as one of the influential groups in rural society, play an important role. have; For this reason, strengthening the entrepreneurship of rural women is considered an effective solution in the direction of two development indicators, namely increasing employment and reducing unemployment. Learning entrepreneurship among rural women requires more detailed planning to identify key factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, to further strengthen the entrepreneurship of rural women and subsequently the development of rural areas, the study of factors affecting the development of rural women entrepreneurship is of great importance. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of rural women and classify them in terms of value and importance, which has been studied by qualitative meta-analysis. In the present study, out of a total of 112 published scientific-research articles, 46 articles completely related to the research topic, which have been done in a survey and field, have been reviewed; The research period is from 2005 to 2020. Examining the research on rural women entrepreneurship, it was found that the factors affecting their entrepreneurship are classified into seven categories: infrastructure - environmental, family, individual - behavioral, social - cultural, economic - financial, institutional - legal and promotional - educational. According to the research findings, the most important factors affecting the development of rural women entrepreneurship are: the level of literacy and personal knowledge of rural women, participation in entrepreneurship training courses, earning money, membership in secondary groups, family support, support of government institutions and agent Transportation.
Geography
Mohammad Reza Poormohammadi; Pakhshan Khezrnezhad; Pulad Ahmadi; Reza Jahanbin
Abstract
One of the main goals of designing urban space is that the urban public spaces provide a place for all age, employment and gender groups. Designing an effective model for consolidation and the presence of actors as active citizens is not possible without identifying features and their needs. Therefore, ...
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One of the main goals of designing urban space is that the urban public spaces provide a place for all age, employment and gender groups. Designing an effective model for consolidation and the presence of actors as active citizens is not possible without identifying features and their needs. Therefore, this study is conducted to evaluate the adaptation of Urmia urban spaces to the needs of women. In this regard, first of all a conceptual model and a self-made questionnaire was designed using the theory of utility of space, and distributed among 400 women in Urmia who were selected using Cochran formula based on classified samples. Validity of questionnaire was provided using formal validity and divergent validity obtained through factor analysis; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for determining its reliability. The amount of this coefficient was equal to 0.87 the reliability of which is desirable. In this study, the SPSS software has been used as a tool of analyzing and evaluating the data. The results of this study indicate that there is not general satisfaction in the field of physical measures, access and security in urban public spaces while women's satisfaction from cultural and social measures, based on criteria of the study, is observed.
Tahereh Sadeghloo; Shadi Khoub; Shirin Sahebi
Abstract
In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important ...
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In today's world, the acquisition of a socially affiliated personality and getting out of the circle of personal activities is essential for development. Therefore, the participation of women as an important part of the developmental force is significant and gender inequality, as one of the most important issues and problems of society, can threaten the social order, development, and even the political stability of society and disrupt the development process. Rural women, as the influential elements of rural areas, are largely exposed to this discrimination for various reasons such as ignorance of their rights. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gender discrimination on the level of participation of rural women. The research methodology is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in the form of library and field survey. A sample survey filled questionnaires in 116 households was conducted in 10 villages of Rajkan and Golamkan in Chenaran City. The results of this study showed that, based on t test, the greatest effect of gender discrimination on reducing the economic participation rate of rural women is 3.53 as a mean score. Subsequently, the beta value reflects the relative importance of gender discrimination in women's participation. Therefore, it can be said that since rural women participate in the field of rural economy and work in the fields of livestock, agriculture, and horticulture along with men, they are the most discriminating in the field of economics; because, despite the large participation in this field, there is little interest in the possibilities and benefits of the economy.
Sociology
Fatemeh Ghanipour Khondabi; Mohammad Hossein Asadi Davoodabadi; Omid Ali Ahmadi; Ali Roshanaie
Abstract
As the foundation for making a living as well as a context to demonstrate human creativity and capabilities, job and employment have not been free from the effects of gender, age, and class throughout history. The boundaries of these social variables’ impacts are determined by the dominant discourse ...
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As the foundation for making a living as well as a context to demonstrate human creativity and capabilities, job and employment have not been free from the effects of gender, age, and class throughout history. The boundaries of these social variables’ impacts are determined by the dominant discourse in each period in the historical trend and in a certain social-cultural texture through exercising existent social powers.By choosing discourse theory and analysis based on Laclau and Murphy, the present research explores the history of women employment and its effects on individual and social lives of Iranian women and families. The present research is based on historical documents and data from different periods of Iran history: pre-modern, Qajar colonial economy, Pahlavi, and Islamic Revolution.The results show that in the discourse of Islamic Revolution - with “equality and non-similarity of rights for men and women” being its central signifier – a semantic system of signifiers, such as chastity and hijab, segregation by gender in professions and workplaces, and expectation for women to be at home, has been formed. Emphasis on a healthy and safe workplace along with simultaneous and tensionless playing of wife and mother’s role have made women employment in Iranian post-revolution period distinctive and better in comparison with Pahlavi Period and before.
Mehri Bahar; Maryam Foroughi
Abstract
The purpose of this present study is to analyze subjective meaning of Isfahanian Philanthropists on their indifferences toward health centers for women. These centers have been recently founded by legislation of the council of ministers to investigate the women prone to drug abuse and prostitution (direct ...
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The purpose of this present study is to analyze subjective meaning of Isfahanian Philanthropists on their indifferences toward health centers for women. These centers have been recently founded by legislation of the council of ministers to investigate the women prone to drug abuse and prostitution (direct or indirect). While these centers demand financial resources, they are rejected or ignored by the philanthropists. Many researchers and officials on this domain believe that financial needs is one important reason that people in need move toward deviations. For this purpose, through qualitative approach and phenomenal methodology the present study is analyzed to gain an emphatic understanding on the participants` attitude taking part in this study. Data have been collected through 10 profound interviews within a seven-level method named Colaizzi. The findings of this research have revealed that not only Isfahanian Philanthropists completely disagreed with the think to help the women dealing with drug and prostitution, but they also attempted to enforce the violence to prevent them from taking responsibility. It can be claimed that they are faced with the thoughts “not having trust to people and officials” and “assigning the responsibility of organizing them to that government” codes. In this approach, “patriarchal attitudes toward hurt women and women in charge of them” is highly obvious. About hostile disagreement, not only we are faced with divesting their responsibilities but also we witnessed violent opinions and ask for enforcing punishment for these women.
Women's Studies
Ahmad Kalate Sadaty; Hamid Hejazi; Elham Moradi Nezhad
Abstract
Living single in Iran has an increasing trend. Single life experiences for women can bring lots of hazards. The objective of this research is to address the relationship between religious believes and high risk behavior among Yazd women. In the current study, we have used theories of social pressure ...
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Living single in Iran has an increasing trend. Single life experiences for women can bring lots of hazards. The objective of this research is to address the relationship between religious believes and high risk behavior among Yazd women. In the current study, we have used theories of social pressure and social deterrence. The theoretical framework of the present research is Emile Durkheim's theory of social solidarity. This is descriptive-analytic study that has been examined by a standardized questionnaire as the instrument. The population of the research include single women aged 18 and above in Yazd province. Using Cochran formula, the sample size was calculated 385 people. We have used multi-stage cluster sampling. Different areas of the city were divided into three parts (north, center, and south), and two blocks from each part was selected as the sample. In order to analyze the data, we have also applied SPSS 16. The results have indicated that tendency toward high risk behavior among women is at the average level. Furthermore, the religious ties of the women are at the average level. There is a reverse and significant relationship between religiosity and high risk behavior (-0.619). The high risk behavior declines as religiosity increases (p=0.000). Also, there is a significant relationship between religiosity (24.126) and marital status (p=0.000). The religiosity of married people is more than that of single people (p=0.000). The analysis of regression indicated that religious attitude affects high risk behaviors with beta coefficient of -0.558. Despite wide social changes, the results of this study confirmed that religion still controls high risk behaviors.
Alireza Dehghan Niri; Atefe Aghaie; Mohaddese Ziachi
Abstract
The current paper aims to study pregnant women’s usage of cyber space as a muted group. This is a qualitative research which has been done using grounded theory method and interview technique. We interviewed a number of pregnant women who had visited some websites related to pregnancy issues, during ...
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The current paper aims to study pregnant women’s usage of cyber space as a muted group. This is a qualitative research which has been done using grounded theory method and interview technique. We interviewed a number of pregnant women who had visited some websites related to pregnancy issues, during fall and winter of 1394. The interviewees were 16 pregnant women and we met them in a hospital located in Saadatabad in Tehran. Our results show that women can overcome gender-based limitations using special websites concerning pregnancy issues, and remark their issues and problems related to pregnancy freely and clearly. Moreover, they have been able to play a more active and participative role in getting medical care during pregnancy in general and in their relation with physicians in particular.
Women's Studies
Seyed Reza Seyyedjavadin; Mojgan Roshannejad; Parvaneh Gelard
Abstract
Recently, women’s participation has increased in the workplaces. Therefore it is a challenge for contemporary managers to help employees to balance their work and family responsibilities. This paper aims to identify factors affecting the work-family balance. Sample included 261 women employed at ...
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Recently, women’s participation has increased in the workplaces. Therefore it is a challenge for contemporary managers to help employees to balance their work and family responsibilities. This paper aims to identify factors affecting the work-family balance. Sample included 261 women employed at a number of universities in Tehran. Data is collected from the questionnaire. Correlation and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data. Research variables are: family support, organizational support, work flexibility, and individual recourses. We suggested four hypotheses to exam the impact of family support, organizational support, work flexibility, and individual recourses on the work-family balance. The results show that family support and individual resources have positive impact on work-family balance, but organizational support and work flexibility have not significant impact on this variable. It is suggested to managers to encourage work-family supportive culture, and try to provide time and place flexibility of the work.
Mehri Bahar; Ali haji mohammadi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 43-72
Abstract
Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to ...
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Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to examine women’s readings of gender roles representation in Iranian television commercials from the cultural studies perspective. To achieve this objective, focus group interviews were used to study women readings and then their readings was analyzed. The results showed that television commercials are heedless of socio-cultural developments and the gender roles changes in different aspects in the society, but it represents dominant ideology in media and minimal status group of woman in Iranian society.
Currently, different groups of women are engaged in different discourses and they will gradually engage in other discourses. If this trend continues by different groups of women and the misrepresentation or exclusion of women doesn’t stop in the media, the audiences with different readings will become the most rethinking groups.
Ariyan Gholipour; Somayeh Labafi; Mahdiyeh Jalalpour
Abstract
Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in ...
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Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their position as an academic member has remained to be a problem. Applying a qualitative method and the Ground Theory, the present research tries to study the challenges ahead of women to enter male academic networks at universities. 18 professors have been selected through purposive sampling and snow ball method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Strauss & Corbin’s constant comparative method. The research findings suggest that the most important obstacles to women’s entry to male academic network of universities are legal, cultural and family problems among others.
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi; Zohreh Khajehsalehi
Abstract
Like many developed and developing societies, Iran has experienced sharp fertility declineand reached below- replacement level fertility. As women have a major role in childbearing,their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior, and manystudies have focused on various ...
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Like many developed and developing societies, Iran has experienced sharp fertility declineand reached below- replacement level fertility. As women have a major role in childbearing,their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior, and manystudies have focused on various aspects of women's autonomy and fertility. This paperexamines the relationship between women’s autonomy and fertility behavior in theSirjan city.The data is drawn from the 2011 survey that collected information from around 400 womenof reproductive ages (15-49) in the Sirjan city in southeastern part of Iran. The results showedthat the relationship between women’s autonomy and fertility is insignificant when othersocial and economicindicators (i.e. social participation, education and employment) arecontrolled. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that among all differentvariables, social participation of women and their education level are the strong determinantsof dependent variable; as childbearing intention reduces with the rise in these two variables.Women’s age and children ever born are the other two important variables affectingchildbearing intentions. Given the results of this study, population policies in Iran in order tofacilitate childbearing for couples should provide opportunities in which women could be ableto continue their education, have their social participation as well as promoting childbearing.
Ahmad Pour Ahmad; Fatemeh Salarvandiyan
Abstract
One of the public places in any given city is a place to have some fun. The most important feature of Islamic cities is the emphasis on gender segregation in public places and special required conditions for men and women to attend public places. Tehran as the most important metropolis in Iran and the ...
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One of the public places in any given city is a place to have some fun. The most important feature of Islamic cities is the emphasis on gender segregation in public places and special required conditions for men and women to attend public places. Tehran as the most important metropolis in Iran and the capital of an Islamic country, has been witnessing a lot of changes in its leisure places looks.
Through historical method and descriptive-analytical method this research studies women’s leisure places from Qajar Era until now and the role of Islamic culture and historical-political features of Tehran as well as changes made in women’s attendance in those places. The results indicate that gender based leisure places in Tehran from Qajar Era until now can be divided into three categories: feminine, masculine, and feminine-masculine leisure places. Women’s presence in each of these places has been different from the other. Accordingly, Women’s presence in leisure places for both genders has risen compared to the past. Gender oriented leisure places have been reproduced too, namely women’s park, water parks, women’s concert halls, men’s stadiums.
Hatam Hosseini; Belal Bagi
Abstract
Widespread changes in women’s roles in society, in turn, leads to their increasing participation in the social arena, therefore, by increasing women’s autonomy in different aspects of life, they are more likely to reach to higher positions and status than they were in earlier decades. This situation ...
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Widespread changes in women’s roles in society, in turn, leads to their increasing participation in the social arena, therefore, by increasing women’s autonomy in different aspects of life, they are more likely to reach to higher positions and status than they were in earlier decades. This situation provides the context for changes in fertility ideals (fertility behavior, desires, and ideals) of women. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of different indices of women’s autonomy on fertility behavior, desires, and ideals of Kurdish women in the city of Mahabad. Data was collected through a survey which was conducted in April 2012 on 700 households, and then analyzed using SPSS software.Results show that women have relative autonomy in all indices related to women’s autonomy. According to this study, at the time the survey was carried out, more than 61 percent of women stated that they were content with the number of offspring they had, and had no desire for further children. Among those who wanted to continue their childbearing, nearly 70 percent stated that, in the current situation, two children were ideal for a family. Results of Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) showed that the fertility ideals and desires of women are affected respectively, by direct and indirect indices regarding women’s autonomy. Furthermore, although women’s fertility behavior is affected by three indices of women’s autonomy, nevertheless, using contraceptive devices along with other variables, play an important role in explaining women’s fertility behavior. According to the results of this study, it is not expected that population policies aimed at encouraging fertility, would lead to a fertility increase in all social strata.
yaghob mousavi; azam pakkhesal
Abstract
Urbanization with all its semblances, complexities, and problems has been able to have profound effects on the behavior and action of citizens. This study intends to examine the issue of urbanization trends growth sociologically through survey method among women. It seems that in terms of acceptance, ...
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Urbanization with all its semblances, complexities, and problems has been able to have profound effects on the behavior and action of citizens. This study intends to examine the issue of urbanization trends growth sociologically through survey method among women. It seems that in terms of acceptance, internalization, and representing parts of cultural situation, values and urbanization norms, women have peculiar conditions which need to be studied. This article is an attempt at analyzing the research findings, patterns and basic indicators of urban women in connection with Urbanization. The level of the research is micro and the unit of analysis is individual. Sample size was 400 individuals of 20-50 year old women living in three districts of Tehran, selected randomly by cluster sampling. Findings revealed a significant relationship among Urbanization and self-estrangement, rationalization of individual action, declination of social cohesion and escalation of individualism and loss of bond between women.
Mehri Bahar; Mohammadreza Vakili Ghazi Jahani
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 63-92
Abstract
This study tries to review the reasons for which young girls tend to perform beauty surgeries on their faces, within the framework of Veblen’s “Theory of the Leisure Class” and his “Social Models” such as fiscal ownership. The statistical society has been the girl students of the University ...
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This study tries to review the reasons for which young girls tend to perform beauty surgeries on their faces, within the framework of Veblen’s “Theory of the Leisure Class” and his “Social Models” such as fiscal ownership. The statistical society has been the girl students of the University of Tehran selected through snow ball sampling and discourse analysis was applied to analyze the semi-structured interviews with them. Discourse analysis results of beauty surgeries show that the theoretical approach of Veblen regarding social models is citable and extensible. Students show a changing tendency from “capital ownership” towards “symbolic ownership” and as a new cultural-social power they show a changing tendency from capital envy and capital conspicuous consumption to symbolic envy and symbolic (beauty) Conspicuous Consumption. Gender analysis, media and generation objects play a key role in forming the discourse of face beauty surgeries.
Maryam Mokhtari; Halimeh enayat
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 67-87
Abstract
The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience ...
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The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience of cosmetic surgery during the year 2008 in Shiraz were selected for an in depth interview. To achieve the grounded theory during coding analysis, 36 concepts, 9sub categories, 3 essential categories and 1 core category named: “Women’s own body image overshadowed by implicit, preponderant, appearance oriented views of men towards women in different ways” were extracted. The results show that women’s body image is formed through their gender attitude towards themselves, men towards women and women towards men. However the attitude of women toward themselves is inspired by the attitude of men toward looks and appearance of women.
Advancements in science of beauty surgeries has had the role of facilitator in paying more attention to the body and looks and has assisted men with their appearance based view towards women.
Maryam Ghazinezhad; Marya Abasian
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 77-110
Abstract
Spousal homicide is a personal, domestic and social problem which has mortal and morbid effects on public safety. Domestic homicide, especially spousal homicide, is typically unlike stranger murder, not a crime of sudden, unanticipated violence. Rather, these murders hide the tragic story of escalated ...
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Spousal homicide is a personal, domestic and social problem which has mortal and morbid effects on public safety. Domestic homicide, especially spousal homicide, is typically unlike stranger murder, not a crime of sudden, unanticipated violence. Rather, these murders hide the tragic story of escalated domestic violence, strain and personal and social harmful consequences in them that require serious study.
So the aim of this research is to identify social-cultural factors leading to spousal homicide which has been increased considerably in last years and involve many men and women as a "murder" or "victim". By applying qualitative method of research, we try to achieve this aim. For this reason, through random sampling, we select 34 files of spousal homicide incidents that occurred in Tehran between 1380 and 1387. Half of these files belong to spousal homicide of men and the rest half belong to spousal homicide of women. By applying content analysis technique, we have analyzed and examined all of these files.
The result of this research show that the presence of social-psychological strain on men and women in the family, in the absence of social and personal support system and association with delinquent peers and blockage of legal coping ways, lead couples to commit spousal homicide. Results also show different patterns of killing and factors between men and women.
Moreover demographic variables such as social-economical status of couples and their families, couple's age and age disparity, age and the number of children also affecting spousal homicide.
Management
Saeed Farahbakhsh; Iraj Nikpey; Razieh Ghanbari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the glass ceiling on women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state with moderating of their self-concept variable. The population of this cross-correlation study included all women employees of administrative province ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the glass ceiling on women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state with moderating of their self-concept variable. The population of this cross-correlation study included all women employees of administrative province units of Lorestan state. Using stratified sampling, and based on Morgan table, 306 persons were selected as samples. Instruments used in this study include a questionnaire of glass ceiling of Babaie Zklyky (1385), creativity questionnaire of Moghimi and Ramezan (1390) and Self-Concept Questionnaire of California (1986). For data analysis, structural equation test was utilized with benefit of PLS Software. The results showed that the glass ceiling is effective on women creative ideas and there is negative correlation between these two variables. Also the results of structural equation test showed that self-concept variable in correlation with glass ceiling plays moderating role in women creative ideas working in administrative province units of Lorestan state.
Women's Studies
Reza Esmaeil Pour; Hamid Reza Tafaghodi
Abstract
The current paper aims to analyze the factors that prevent women’s job advancement and promotion in organizations. In this study, qualitative methodology and Directed Qualitative Content Analysis approaches were applied, and 16 women of the municipal districts 2, 4, 13, 16, and 22 of Tehran ...
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The current paper aims to analyze the factors that prevent women’s job advancement and promotion in organizations. In this study, qualitative methodology and Directed Qualitative Content Analysis approaches were applied, and 16 women of the municipal districts 2, 4, 13, 16, and 22 of Tehran were interviewed during a four-month period from May, 2016 to August, 2016. After repeated review and analysis of the written interviews, 85 semantic units, 33 codes, 5 classes, and 2 themes were extracted. Two concepts of Social-Cultural Requirements and Role Requirements were recognized as the research themes as well as the main factors preventing women from job promotion. Social-Cultural Requirements are related to the factors which are obstacles to women's job promotion, as the forces from society structure. Role Requirements are related to the factors which do not prevent job promotion directly, but ruin women personal passion for advancement, by affecting their inner desire. Based on this study, it is concluded that by focusing on Role Requirements, the obstacles to women' job promotion can be overcome.
Women's Studies
Soheyla Sadeghi Fasaei; Marziye Ebrahimi
Abstract
While men’s violence is assessed within their social life, women’s violence is attributed to personal factors, such as mental stress, aggression and/or womanish nervousness, regardless of social factors. Unlike such a common interpretation that tries to associate violence of women with interpretations ...
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While men’s violence is assessed within their social life, women’s violence is attributed to personal factors, such as mental stress, aggression and/or womanish nervousness, regardless of social factors. Unlike such a common interpretation that tries to associate violence of women with interpretations of stereotypes and individual, in this article, violence of women will be explained in terms of life experiences. The present study is a qualitative study conducted by in-depth interviews with 30 women who have been in prison for committing violent crimes at the time of the interviews (between 2012 to 2014), it was found that women are mainly exposed to violence, and the interpretation of violent crimes of women is not possible regardless of structural inequalities, gender inequalities, marginalization and powerlessness. The story of the women interviewed shows that women’s violence reflects their lifestyle which is intertwined by the exclusions and discrimination of individual, family and community; in other words, women’s violence can be considered as a kind of opposition against the conditions that constantly put them into the victim position. Backgrounds and lifestyles of the women under study show that many of them experienced physical, emotional, mental violence and sexual abuse during their childhood, or they have constantly been exposed to mandatory and aggressive relationship due to forced and early marriage which in fact reflects the cultural definitions of the role of men.
Sociology
Maryam Soroush; Shole Bahrani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using ...
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The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using stratified random sampling. Findings showed that alsoreligiosity has a significant relationship to actual number of children but there is aconsiderable agreement about ideal number of them can be seen regardless of religiosity.Attitudes towards gender roles have a significant relationship with the ideal number ofchildren which remains significant after control of other variables. Finding suggests thatwomen plan number of their children regarding the role of a good woman in their mind. Theresults show that the rate of population growth has strong cultural roots and is a consequenceof changing values to more individualistic nature and gender role attitudes. Women now aremore care about quality of family life and upbringing better children and it is more importantthan the number of children.
karimi Karimi; Somayeh Arab Khorasani; faeze tabatabai; mohammadreza Nasiri
Abstract
purpose of the present study identifying and comparing the thematic trend of concepts of violence in research on gender, women, family between developed countries and Iran in three time periods based co-word, network analysis, and science visualization tools. Methods: Bibliometrics methodology and social ...
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purpose of the present study identifying and comparing the thematic trend of concepts of violence in research on gender, women, family between developed countries and Iran in three time periods based co-word, network analysis, and science visualization tools. Methods: Bibliometrics methodology and social network analysis are used. Population comprises 3246 records in developed countries from Web of Knowledge and 1295 records from Women and Family Research . The results indicated that the core words before 2001 included 4 keywords, 2011 -2010, 14 keywords and 2011-2020, 22 keywords. The keywords of the 2001-2010 (second period) were 42% different than before 2001 and The keywords of the 2011-2020 (third period) compared to the 2001-2010s (second period) have changed by 62%. The overall result of the three decades confirms that research in the field of violence in the studies gender, women and the family with general topics started before 2001 and in the 2001-2010s and 2011-2020s have been analyzed in a more specialized way. In developed countries, the most important clusters before the before 2001 were violence against women, in the 2001-2010s, ethnic clusters, and in the 2010-2020, domestic violence, and in Iran, before the 2001s, the most important clusters were domestic violence against women, 2001-2010 gender inequalities,2010-2020 and domestic violence and sexual violence. In Iran and developed countries, clusters of domestic violence and domestic violence against women are located in the adult and central regions.
Ghasem Zaeri; Fatemeh Yusefinejad
Abstract
This article analyzes the role of "hijab" in the orientation of active political and social forces in the movement of nationalizing the oil industry in the late twentieth decade (1941-1951). The community in the twentieth century, and especially the evolutions of the late decade, is influenced by two ...
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This article analyzes the role of "hijab" in the orientation of active political and social forces in the movement of nationalizing the oil industry in the late twentieth decade (1941-1951). The community in the twentieth century, and especially the evolutions of the late decade, is influenced by two categories of international and national trends: The first is the "colonial turn", and the emergence of a new world order after World War II, as well as the Islamic revival as a result of the decline of national monarchies in Islamic countries. The second is the revival of the repressed social and political forces after Reza Khan's ouster, and the revision of the political and social strategies of the modern nationalist forces to overcome the crisis of legitimacy resulted from Reza Khan's authoritarian nationalism. The article will indicate how the issues of women have evolved amid the controversy over oil and elections in the evolutions of the last decade. This will explain three strategies for the issue of hijab among political and social forces. The strategiies are political ignorance of hijab, the strategy of social ineffectiveness of hijab, and the strategy of obligating hijab. In this article, the sources and positions of the National Front of Iran, the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Islamic Mojahedin Society and the Jamiat Fadaiyan-e-Islam have been referred as the first-hand historical and oral history sources.
Management
Ali Imanzadeh; Sorayeh Alipour
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to represent the experiences of the students referring to the consulting center of Tabriz University in terms of their sense of existential loneliness. The present study is conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological methodology and purposeful sampling and through ...
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The purpose of this study is to represent the experiences of the students referring to the consulting center of Tabriz University in terms of their sense of existential loneliness. The present study is conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological methodology and purposeful sampling and through deep interview with 18 students who referred to the consulting center. The interviews were recorded and analyzed by the method of Sterbent and the Carpenter. The findings of the experiences of existential loneliness of students were identified in the 4 main themes including perceived feelings, positive loneliness, negative loneliness and a way to reduce negative loneliness. The female students of Tabriz University from existential loneliness had a feeling of thrownness, anxiety and separation, which had both positive and negative consequences. The establishment approaches can explain the existential situation of students in existence and excellence about this type of sense of loneliness in the students.
Sociology
Sattar Parvin; Ayoub Eslamian
Abstract
This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research ...
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This paper studies the experience of social exclusion in women with HIV. The method research is qualitative research and the technique used to collect data is interview. Also, the population is women with HIV in Clinique of behavioral sickness counseling in Tehran. The sample size is 30 people. Research findings indicate that these women have experienced exclusion. Also, the results show that social exclusion occurs in women with AIDS in the seven fields as Aids panic, exclusion in social relation, economic exclusion, exclusion of support network, symbolic exclusion, exclusion from the health and spatial exclusion.
