Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2006
Volume 4, Issue 4 , January 2006
Abstract
Eve the Adam's wife is the first woman that is mentioned in myths and narratives. The verses of the Quran do not explain quality of Eve's creation. Meanwhile some of traditions exist in early Hadith sources that consider Eve or generally women as being created from man or from certain limb (rib) of him. ...
Read More
Eve the Adam's wife is the first woman that is mentioned in myths and narratives. The verses of the Quran do not explain quality of Eve's creation. Meanwhile some of traditions exist in early Hadith sources that consider Eve or generally women as being created from man or from certain limb (rib) of him. In this article, these Hadith sources having been classified and quoted, are studied and analyzed. And then after comparing with Quran and other criteria and criticism of narrator, it is proved that these traditions seem to be weak.
Volume 5, Issue 1 , September 2007
Abstract
The ongoing women's poverty and gender discrimination, owing to various cultural and historical constraints on their socio-economic status and advancement, has raised different approaches in the literature, namely women's empowerment. Within a conceptual framework of poverty and empowerment this paper ...
Read More
The ongoing women's poverty and gender discrimination, owing to various cultural and historical constraints on their socio-economic status and advancement, has raised different approaches in the literature, namely women's empowerment. Within a conceptual framework of poverty and empowerment this paper intends to probe into different facets of the empowerment of women-headed households, as one of the most important groups subjected highly to poverty risk, in the city of Tehran.
The study reveals that women's individual features (characteristics) have a significant effect on their poverty. In addition, women's poverty has multiple dimensions: economic, social and psychological, so, they should be taken into account in any gender and poverty analysis. According to the findings, in spite of some measures and efforts by different poverty-alleviating organizations in the framework of assistance schemes or projects, yet women's empowerment needs a long way to be realized. The reason for this, the paper argues, lies in characteristics of the approach(es) dominating these efforts, their low level quantity as well as women's poor capability. The paper concludes that in order to eliminate or alleviate women's poverty and gender inequality, and change women's socio-economic status, a structural development is necessary.
Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2009
mehri bahar; maryam Zare
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2009
Abstract
Fashion is an aspect of Tehran's (and Iran) modernity which represents itself in various forms and is thus changing rapidly. This study aims to illustrate various forms of fashion (women's clothing and hair coverings) in Tehran by means of photos and statements. In this survey 2 main questions are answered: ...
Read More
Fashion is an aspect of Tehran's (and Iran) modernity which represents itself in various forms and is thus changing rapidly. This study aims to illustrate various forms of fashion (women's clothing and hair coverings) in Tehran by means of photos and statements. In this survey 2 main questions are answered: "what are different forms of fashion?", which factors control the development and spread of fashion and how is fashion formed ?”. This survey is a case study and the samples are selected from shopping centers related to fashion. In this research in addition to recording different forms of fashion, interviews are conducted with those involved in fashion using a questionnaire. Different kinds of clothing and hair covering, from the simplest forms to the most up to date fashion, are thus categorized. In addition, using Zimel theory, the development and spread of fashion in the society is discussed, mainly focusing on three factors including fashion consumers, fashion distributors and society. It is concluded that, although development and spread of fashion is affected by global society and distributors, the main interacting factor is the consumers that while accepting it, make changes especially in its usage and meaning
Amir Mozaffar Amini; Mohammad ali Shapurabadi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Khadijeh Safiri; Razieh Arasteh; Marzieh Mousavi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Vahid Ghasemi; Zahra Zakeri
Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2010
Fazileh Khani
Volume 8, Issue 3 , October 2010
Ahmad Etemadi; Javad Ebrahimi
Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2011
Abstract
Family is the most fundamental social unit which can undergo a trauma
when a new member joins it, leading to changes in its structure and function, thus inevitably altering the roles, duties and expectation of the members. Therefore, conformity and nonconformity of family members and the subsequent ...
Read More
Family is the most fundamental social unit which can undergo a trauma
when a new member joins it, leading to changes in its structure and function, thus inevitably altering the roles, duties and expectation of the members. Therefore, conformity and nonconformity of family members and the subsequent effects on the family gains significance. Other than the addition of a newborn baby and adoption, such change may occur following the marriage of one of the members; especially the remarriage of the father and addition of a step-mother to the family, with the first wife still living with the family. If the new addition fails to even out the relationship of this new member – who is considered as the rival of the first wife–with those of the others, it gives rise to negative emotional and psychological damages, which may in turn affect the psychological and mental health of the existing family members. The available literature on this issue shows that upon the addition of the second wife to such families, the existing members encounter many challenges including social and economic changes and conflicts as well as the transformation of their internal and external interactions, thus their subsequent effects on the members are significant. This research is a comparative study on the mental health of children living in monogamy & bigamy families in the Iranian city of Khaf. Population of the study consists of all girls and boys studying literature, science and mathematic at public high schools during 2007-2008 school year. Using random sampling 30 boys and 38 girls of bigamy families are selected for the purpose of the study. In the same manner, the same number of boys and girls are selected from monogamy families. The research takes advantage of casual-comparative method. Data analysis of the two independent groups covers a wide range of methods including descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as t-test and assessment of the data includes SCL-90_R checklist. The results show that there is a meaningful difference between the mental health of children living in polygamy and those living in bigamy families. Moreover, the findings of the study reveal that children of monogamy families enjoy a greater level of mental health than bigamy families in terms of aspects such as stress, physical complaints, compulsion, aggression, psychosis, interpersonal relations sensitivity. The findings also prove that there is not any meaningful difference between their paranoid ideas, depression and phobia.
Volume 1, Issue 3 , June 2002
Abstract
In this article generational attitudes towards gender issue in three generation young, middle age, and elders have been studied and the objective is to answer following questions:
1. Are there differences in attitudes towards women between generations?
2. Are the attitudes’ differences between rural ...
Read More
In this article generational attitudes towards gender issue in three generation young, middle age, and elders have been studied and the objective is to answer following questions:
1. Are there differences in attitudes towards women between generations?
2. Are the attitudes’ differences between rural and urban communities similar?
3. Do men and women have different attitudes toward women?
Analysis of data from a survey research with interview technique in the capital city of Tehran and Kashan shows statistically meaningful differences regarding attitudes towards women between generations, urban and rural resident, and men women.
Volume 1, Issue 4 , September 2002
Abstract
Violence against women especially partner violence involves 1/3 of women worldwide. This research is performed with an analytic cross sectional design and its’ purpose is to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence among married women in medical science catchments area ( Tehran University) ...
Read More
Violence against women especially partner violence involves 1/3 of women worldwide. This research is performed with an analytic cross sectional design and its’ purpose is to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence among married women in medical science catchments area ( Tehran University) during the year of 2001. 348 married women were selected from 6 Health Centers by multi-stage sampling. They were assisted by health care workers for filling the questionnaires.
Prevalence rate of the violence against wife was 41.7% in this study which is comparable with western countries especially United States. The most frequent reports of violence included: negligence 61%, contempt 37% and lewdness 30%.
For controlling the confounders logistic regression analysis was done and after excluding of confounders four factors were significantly associated with wife abuse: (1) history of mothers striking by father, (2) history of mothers contempt by father,(3) criminal history of husbands and history of psychological disorder in women.
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2007
Abstract
International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating ...
Read More
International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating poverty, upgrading living standards and stabilizing economy.
The relation between democracy, development and equality is taken for granted thus to realize this it is necessary to conduct structural reformations for increasing women’s participation in political and social life. No doubt supporting women’s role and reinforcing it in the society improves hygiene and health care, enhances level of education, voluntarily controls population growth and generally improves economic growth and equal distribution of benefits.
During the past decades there have been fundamental changes in the role and status of women. Many countries have come to an agreement and reached a consensus on the reduction of gender gap regarding education, healthcare, occupation, and social welfare. Data regarding Iran suggest that although there have been effective attempts in reducing gender gap but still women face many problems. Some of these problems and obstacles are due to pressures and forces of development but a great part of it is related to culture and dominating traditions.
The third five-year development plan is distinguished from other plans in terms of emphasizing on indices and necessities of reducing gender gaps. This study demonstrates that from many aspects there are fewer gaps and gender inequality in many provinces nevertheless this is totally different regarding occupation.
Volume 5, Issue 3 , January 2008
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2008
Volume 6, Issue 2 , July 2008
Abstract
Female competence to judge is a controversial matter amongst interpreters and the religious jurisprudence (Foghaha), to the effect that some scholars by virtue of Holy Koran and sayings of the Immaculate claim that women have no competency to judge.
Having a comprehensive analysis of the references ...
Read More
Female competence to judge is a controversial matter amongst interpreters and the religious jurisprudence (Foghaha), to the effect that some scholars by virtue of Holy Koran and sayings of the Immaculate claim that women have no competency to judge.
Having a comprehensive analysis of the references made by opponents of female judgment including those made to Holy Koran and sayings of the Immaculate (Massomin (ع)) this article attempts to reject such claims.
Nowadays, the frame and shape of judgment has changed, and the matter of gender is ineffective in rendering it. However, close analysis of the verses of the Holy Koran and the tradition of the Immaculate (Maasomin (ع) does not reveal that this responsibility is handed over only to men and the female gender is negated, thus the idea claiming that female judgment is negated in Holy Koran is rejected.
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2008
Abstract
Assessment of women's status entails calculating various indices from different fields including scientific, economic, social and political. Calculating these factors and comparing them with that of male indicates a country's development and progress level thus determines their position in the world ...
Read More
Assessment of women's status entails calculating various indices from different fields including scientific, economic, social and political. Calculating these factors and comparing them with that of male indicates a country's development and progress level thus determines their position in the world ranking as compared to other countries.
Although assessment of women's status in the region depends on various parameters, but considering the fact that nowadays development is one of the elements of national power of countries and national power is an important issue in political geography, the present article aims to present new models and methods for the purpose of assessing women's status.
This research has made use of SPSS computer software to conduct evaluation and statistical analysis of data. Using a multi-stage sampling method, the data is collected and the current status of countries is compared and through a time series statistical technique their status in the year 1404 is predicted.
Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2009
Abstract
Cultural politics regarding status of women is a common issue of Iranian society. Influenced by Prophet Mohammad's teachings in the Arab world, women's status changed rapidly and soon they gained a different social-cultural position in their society. This article, based on the reasoning of discourse ...
Read More
Cultural politics regarding status of women is a common issue of Iranian society. Influenced by Prophet Mohammad's teachings in the Arab world, women's status changed rapidly and soon they gained a different social-cultural position in their society. This article, based on the reasoning of discourse aims to distinguish the social order governing the Arabian Peninsula focusing on its discourse order (introducing ignorance discourse and prophetic discourse). The research aims to find out what discourse propositions in the field of women did Prophet Mohammad produce as a ruler that improved the socio-cultural status of women. In doing so the research has made use of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Moffe method in analyzing the discourse based on "articulation".
Volume 7, Issue 1 , May 2009
Abstract
Parties, as civil institutions distribute political power among individuals in society, and play an important role in preventing the monopoly of power by a particular group. They are also significant in modifying the governmental construction and administration of society. As a framework, this study ...
Read More
Parties, as civil institutions distribute political power among individuals in society, and play an important role in preventing the monopoly of power by a particular group. They are also significant in modifying the governmental construction and administration of society. As a framework, this study has utilized theories of Bacharch and Bartez regarding the mode of exercising political power and authority by subjects of power on the objects of power. According to these theories, some political organizations exercise power latently through arrangement of stage by subjects of power (men) rather than the objects of power (women). Thereby subjects of power ignore the benefit of objects of power and their demands are excluded from political system. Since women's demands have no importance, they are excluded from privileged levels of a party.The research method used in this study is descriptive – documental and information is gathered through study of documentary Resources. According to this study, women's participation in high ranking positions of parties is slight and they mainly act as staff members.
Sociology
Mohammad Taghi Iman; Mahta Bazrafkan
Abstract
South Pars Assaluyeh region is one of the most heavily trafficked industrial regions in the Mideast. profoundly affecting the lives of local people, specifically women. The important issue that must be taken into consideration is the corporate social responsibility which, due to the presence of large ...
Read More
South Pars Assaluyeh region is one of the most heavily trafficked industrial regions in the Mideast. profoundly affecting the lives of local people, specifically women. The important issue that must be taken into consideration is the corporate social responsibility which, due to the presence of large petrochemical complex companies, could have a positive impact on the lives of people, especially women. Social interpretive approach is applied in this research, considering the semantic understanding of local women from corporate social responsibility towards external stakeholders. We used a qualitative methodology and approach of critical ethnography with semi-structured interview technique and observation considering age, occupation, marital status. Also 15 women were selected as native elements for purposive sampling for interviews .The data obtained from the interviews were classified into 4 categories: social pathology, women's empowerment, health and environment, development and social welfare. These categories were analyzed and then theoretical scheme was established. The results showed that the women living near the area have a positive assessment of the flourishing economic condition and the other ongoing circumstances associated with women's empowerment. But the firm performance has been negatively evaluated in terms of corporate social responsibility. On the other hand, women believed that companies must have both a corrective intervention and peer-reviewed programs and the sense of responsibility for the social, cultural and economic consequences of their activities.
Women's Studies
Amir Rastegar Khaled
Abstract
Attitude toward motherhood among societies has changed over time and fertility rates have decreased. Mothering and motherhood are rapidly expanding subjects of the literature of the context. A set of these studies has a more macro focus in terms of origins of motherhood and how it is manifested in practice. ...
Read More
Attitude toward motherhood among societies has changed over time and fertility rates have decreased. Mothering and motherhood are rapidly expanding subjects of the literature of the context. A set of these studies has a more macro focus in terms of origins of motherhood and how it is manifested in practice. In the current research, based on Parson's general theory of action (A.G.I.L), motherhood is conceptualized as a kind of action system. In light of this theory, motherhood has four main dimensions: biological, psychological, social and cultural. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of women's religiousness on their motherhood attitudes. This study explores how aspects and type of religiousness are related to attitude toward motherhood. Random sampling method was used and 384 women were selected from city of Tehran. The factors explaining the connection between religiousness and motherhood are also examined. Multiple measures of religiousness and motherhood are considered in multivariate regression models. The results indicate that religious women have more traditional or positive attitudes toward motherhood.
Sociology
Dariush Boostani; Elham Karamizadeh
Abstract
Addiction is one of the important social problems in Iran, and is considered a masculine problem. Nevertheless, women are also facing this phenomenon. Now we are witness to the tendency of women to industrial drug misuse. Since few studies have been conducted in this regard, especially qualitative studies, ...
Read More
Addiction is one of the important social problems in Iran, and is considered a masculine problem. Nevertheless, women are also facing this phenomenon. Now we are witness to the tendency of women to industrial drug misuse. Since few studies have been conducted in this regard, especially qualitative studies, this article aims to study the conditions (causal, intervening, and contextual conditions) and strategies of crystal (Methamphetamine) consumption by addicted women in the City of Kerman. Given that discovery and understanding of addiction to crystal among women is a sensitive phenomenon that requires interaction and dialogue, Grounded Theory methodology was used as the research approach. 12 addicted women were selected as the participants, following qualitative purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criterion and their life experiences were analyzed. In-depth open ended interview was used to collect data. Generally, data coding culminated in 13 categories and 18 subcategories which indicate conditions and strategies of crystal consumption, including: life tensions, facilitator beliefs of consumption, sex and crystal (Methamphetamine) consumption, knowledge of using crystal, strategies of providing drug's cost, etc. Finally, extracted categories were presented in a model of conditions and strategies of crystal consumption. Generally, participants encountered several challenges during the process of crystal misuse. Different conditions led them to misuse. They adopted various and dangerous strategies to obtain crystal. These strategies ranged from borrowing money to sexual exploitation and beggary.
Women's Studies
Omid Qaderzadeh; Parivash Hoseini
Abstract
The scope of power of housewives is subject to limitations due to their fragile and vulnerable position in the economic and social structures. One of the areas on the basis of which women’s empowerment could be assessed is the decision-making process in everyday life. The purpose of this research ...
Read More
The scope of power of housewives is subject to limitations due to their fragile and vulnerable position in the economic and social structures. One of the areas on the basis of which women’s empowerment could be assessed is the decision-making process in everyday life. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the lived experience of married women in decision-making and explore the fields, consequences and the ways of women’s exposure to the phenomenon of decision-making through the perception and mental conceptualization of the actions that they exploit in their everyday life as a source of power to enhance their agency in the environment. The present study was carried out with a qualitative approach in the grounded theory. Target sampling with maximum diversity was used to select the samples; and semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. The results of interview with 28 samples of Sanandaj women indicate that self-esteem, re-conceptualization and risk-taking, family support, gender stereotypes, experience (of decision making), and resources available to women constitute the grounds for decision making of women. The semantic reconstruction of the experience and understanding of women of decision making shows the women appeal to such strategies as logical dialogue, due and timely fulfillment of responsibilities, financial independence and support, raising the expectations, and strike. The decision-making experience for women contributes to their sense of value, collective belonging, self-reliance, empowerment and self-esteem.
Management
Amir khanlari; Masoud Keimasi; Mohammad Saleh Torkestani; Iman Yaghoubian
Abstract
The purpose of this study can be divided into two parts. In the first part, the factors are identified that affect the consumer behavior and of cosmetics luxury goods in Iran's market. In the second part, these identified factors are turned into the model of the consumer behavior of luxury cosmetics ...
Read More
The purpose of this study can be divided into two parts. In the first part, the factors are identified that affect the consumer behavior and of cosmetics luxury goods in Iran's market. In the second part, these identified factors are turned into the model of the consumer behavior of luxury cosmetics goods. This study has been conducted using combined method (qualitative and then quantitative method). In the first phase, the data were collected qualitatively through semi-structured deep interviews with consumer focus groups and studied using the theme analysis method. The data were obtained from interviews with 23 subjects. Then, in the second phase using the quantitative method, the questionnaires have been completed by 12 experts of cosmetics industry and turned into a final consumer behavior model using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). In this study, after identifying 12 main categories from the first phase of the study, we achieved four-level model of the consumer behavior using Interpretative Structural Modeling Method (ISM) in the second phase.
Sarouye Mazhabi; Reza Nasiri Hamed
Abstract
Autonomy is one of the most important components of modernism which have connection with humanism in the realm of political and moral theories. Two important pillars of the autonomy are believes on intellectual independence of the human subject and also having some ability to fulfill practical goals. ...
Read More
Autonomy is one of the most important components of modernism which have connection with humanism in the realm of political and moral theories. Two important pillars of the autonomy are believes on intellectual independence of the human subject and also having some ability to fulfill practical goals. However, the assumptions of autonomy have been criticized by different thoughts. One of the most important criticisms to the relation of autonomy especially in recent times is the ethics of care, particularly by referencing to Carol Gilligan's views. By emphasizing the tolerant, dynamic and relational identities that emerge especially in women and their moral and psychological personality, the ethics of care has criticized the conventional notion of modern autonomy specially ethics of justice because of its emphasis on abstract, universal and ultra-contextual bases as male discourse in its nature. Thus, addition to expressing criticisms of the ethics of care on autonomy, this study would analyze the special narrative of ethics of care on the autonomy.
