Vahid Ghasemi; fatemeh omraniyan
Abstract
Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory ...
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Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory of awareness gap. The study was conducted by three methods: Documentary, survey, and qualitative. Statistical society included all female students at the University of Isfahan and the statistical sample size was 384 students who were selected by quota and assessed by questionnaires. The data were analyzed through SPSS and the results indicate that there is no significant relationship between students’ use of written media and their legal awareness. Therefore the theory of awareness gap based on the reason that ‘people who have higher social-economic position are more aware of their rights because they use written media more than those who have lower social-economic position’ was rejected. In general girl students’ awareness of their legal rights in the family was not considerable.
Qaesm Zaeri
Abstract
Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism ...
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Feminist thought has always challenged the Islamic viewpoint. A majority of feminists believe that ‘family,’ is a source of oppression against women, and is essentially, the main way of reproducing male dominance. Part of the feminist argumentation, highlights itself through the form of criticism of Western political customs, especially in the liberal debate of ‘public order’. In this debate, liberal theorists treat the ‘family’ as a part of a ‘personal sphere’ or a ‘strictly private area,’ and thus, by taking this stance, drive it out from the attention of public debate and legislation; the result of which, being that it leads to the perfect breeding ground for male dominance and for the fostering of unfair relations.This paper, reviewing the aforementioned standpoint, illustrates that ‘family’, has been subject to legislation in Muslim society since the emergence of Islam, and an abundance of rules and laws have been created in order to establish healthy and just relations and protect women's rights. Indeed, from the viewpoint of Islam, the family structure has been created on the basis of affection, and specific rules have been formed for regulating this important establishment.
Mohammad ali Tavana
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 27-42
Abstract
Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: ...
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Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: equality and difference. Iris Marion Young is one of the theorists of the third wave of feminism who presented the theory of Differentiated Citizenship. Through Consultative Democracy theory of Habermas and Foucault’s theory of Marginalized and Oppressed Groups she tried to plan a type of communicative-participatory democracy in order for women and other oppressed and deprived groups to fully and equally participate with others while maintaining their differences in public areas. On this very basis, the present research analyses Young’s Theory of Differentiated Citizenship to show the extent of success of the theory in offering an alternative solution to the issues of women and deprived social groups.
Hossein Akbari
Abstract
oday, sustainable development, in most social and economic planning, is considered as one of the key concepts.The term "development," focuses on improving of the quality of life and promoting of the welfare of society, whilst "stability," refers to the continuation of this process throughout the generations ...
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oday, sustainable development, in most social and economic planning, is considered as one of the key concepts.The term "development," focuses on improving of the quality of life and promoting of the welfare of society, whilst "stability," refers to the continuation of this process throughout the generations of mankind.Therefore, sustainable development can be defined as being a development that meets the needs of current generations without impairing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.One of the basic requirements of sustainable development is proper use of available resources.This paper examines the role of women in sustainable development in the environmental dimension, as being extremely important and invaluable. In agenda 21 of the Rio Summit, women are considered as being one of the main groups in achieving sustainable development.The paper also reviews available literature on the role of women in sustainable development, particularly in the environmental dimension, using data from the World Values Survey for 50 countries. The article investigates the organizational and practical actions of women on environmental issues.Research findings indicate that women in most countries, in contrast to their male counterparts, participate actively in environmental protection and conservation of resources, whilst in the areas of setting up the structures of organization, and participation in environmental decision making, they lack active participation. The study of environmental action of women in the different generations’ groups, shows middle-aged women are involved in more practical actions to protect the environment, whereas, the younger generations are more active in environmental organizations.
Ghorbanali Ebrahimi; roghayeh moslemi petroodi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 73-91
Abstract
The way people spend their leisure is a reflection of social, economic, and cultural capital in any given society. The present research studies the influence of cultural capital on leisure using survey method. Instrument used to collect data has been: questionnaire. The statistical population constitutes ...
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The way people spend their leisure is a reflection of social, economic, and cultural capital in any given society. The present research studies the influence of cultural capital on leisure using survey method. Instrument used to collect data has been: questionnaire. The statistical population constitutes all women living in the city of Juybar aged 15-64. Based on the results of the latest census of Statistical Center of Iran, 1385, total women’s population in Juybar was 25325. Using multistage cluster sampling, a sample size of 378 was chosen based on the formula of Cochran. The results show that the average women’s participation in active leisure (1.91 out of 4) is more than women’s participation in passive leisure (1.3 out of 4). Women's participation in leisure activities in this study’s population is lower than average. Multivariate linear regression results show that out of the three dimensions of cultural capital, two dimensions (objective structured and institutionalized cultural capital) have a significant effect on leisure.
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Hojatallah Yousefvand
Abstract
With respect to the importance of civic participation as the main index of social development, this research aims at studying the rate of female civic participation, and its categories, according to the conceptual apparatus of Putnam. The research was carried out by means of a survey, using a questionnaire; ...
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With respect to the importance of civic participation as the main index of social development, this research aims at studying the rate of female civic participation, and its categories, according to the conceptual apparatus of Putnam. The research was carried out by means of a survey, using a questionnaire; during which 370 women, aged 18 to 45 years old, from Aleshtar, were interviewed. Findings show that the average rate of civic participation among women was equivalent to 59.2%, which, on a scale of 0 to 100, was evaluated as intermediate. Among the categories of civic participation, religious activities were ranked most prominent, with institutional (associational) activities being least popular. Multiple regression analysis, shows that women’s civic participation is based on the intensity of relationship, which is interconnected with variables such as the amount of available resources, scope of social relations, social efficacy, marriage status and age.The above variables explain a 54% overall change in women’s civic participation. At the conclusion of this study, implications of the findings in the field of future studies and cultural and social policy making, have been discussed.
Mahdi Taleb; Ahmad Firouz Abadi; Sedigheh Piri
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 135-153
Abstract
Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research ...
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Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research aims to study the social and cultural causes of women’s poverty through the qualitative approach based on Grounded theory. In this research, sampling has been done purposively. Participants who were interviewed as a group in this research included housewives, women householders and young girls under the aegis of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questions of this research were: what have been the determinants of poverty from the view of rural girls and women? What have been their individual strategies to tackle the problem of poverty? What have been the aftermaths? The Findings of this study showed that social ignorance, clan clashes, preference to men in the family, fatalism, intergenerational poverty, highly populated families, educational limitations, unemployment and imposed war and its aftermath have been the reasons of poverty from the view points of participants. The result showed that cultural and social factors are important causes of poverty.
Abbas Askari-Nodoushan; , Seyed Alireza Afshani; Razie Zakeri-Hamane; Somayeh Askari-Nodoushan
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 93-116
Abstract
In recent years, the high level of consumption in Iranian society has provoked wide social and political debates. Nevertheless, there have been few systematic social studies to examine social and individual factors that influence consumption values and behaviors. This paper examines social determinants ...
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In recent years, the high level of consumption in Iranian society has provoked wide social and political debates. Nevertheless, there have been few systematic social studies to examine social and individual factors that influence consumption values and behaviors. This paper examines social determinants of consumption aspiration of married women. Data for the study collected through a cross-sectional survey in 2009 among a representative sample of 684 respondents in the city of Yazd, Iran.
To study the impact of socio-economic factors on the consumption aspirations, in this paper we conceptualize and evaluate the impact of the hypothesized relationships at three levels: 1- individual characteristics of respondents, 2- intergenerational influence of the parental characteristics, and 3- family and household socio-economic condition.
Our analysis confirms the effect of individual attributes, socio-economic condition of household and intergenerational influence of parental characteristics on the level of consumption aspiration of respondents.
In evaluating the impact of individual characteristics (including respondent's age, education, mass media exposure and place of origin), findings reveal the most important impact of mass media exposure on the formation of consumerism life style and consumption culture.
An examination of the household's condition hypothesis (including the household income and household size) indicate a powerful and direct effect of family income on the consumption aspiration. Findings also confirm the intergeneration influence of parent's characteristics on the consumption aspirations of respondents.
Aryan Gholipour; Neda Mohammadesmaeeli; Fattane Gholipour
Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2011
Abstract
International competition for having a greater contribution in the world is
ever increasing, thus human resource management plays an important role. In a knowledge-based economy, an all-out participation of women in different social arenas promises optimal utilization of all human resource potentials. ...
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International competition for having a greater contribution in the world is
ever increasing, thus human resource management plays an important role. In a knowledge-based economy, an all-out participation of women in different social arenas promises optimal utilization of all human resource potentials. In this respect, Iran has experienced an extensive presence of women in its higher education. Generally, the stronger the social identities of women, the better will the national objectives, as depicted in the country's development plan, be realized. Therefore one of the essential challenges of Iranian managers is to reinforce the social identity in higher education institutions which train future human resource of the country. In order to identify the strategies of reinforcing social identity, the University of Tehran and Qazvin Azad University are chosen as research sample and data is collected through interviews and questionnaires. Twenty people are interviewed from each university and another 419 fill out a questionnaire. This research takes advantage of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The research findings indicate that the mean of the sense of national identity equals 3.61 for University of Tehran whereas this figure stands at 3.87 for Qazvin Azad University. Qualitative analysis of data suggest that physical, spatial and symbolic separation of girls’ and boys’ identities leads to a feeling of disappointment and frustration in girls and is detrimental to their self confidence, while destroying it. The lack of ability to link different identities is considered as one of the main causes of failure in balancing different social roles. Consequently, this gives rise to unidimensionality of girls and a poor self-esteem. In the light of this, presenting women who have succeeded in positively relating different identities is a way to reinforce and strengthen identity in women. Accordingly, the priorities of identity management strategies in universities are as follows: 1. Aggregation, 2. Combination, 3. Division, 4. Omission. Human being has a folded character, it doesn't only possess one identity but rather it is made up of numerous complex identities. This is further complicated as humans can simultaneously hold social identity, corporate identity and individual identity. These identities are relative and are subject to change over time. This paper aims to identify and analyze dynamics of women in organizations, especially educational institutions, thus offering solutions for identity management.
Fazileh Khani
Volume 8, Issue 3 , October 2010
Maysam Musai; Nader Mehregan; Ruholah Rezaee
Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2010
Hatam Hosseini
Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2010
Khadijeh Safiri; Razieh Arasteh; Marzieh Mousavi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Majid Movahed; Esfandiar Ghafarinasab; Maryam Hosseini
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Halime Enayat; Mansooreh dastranj
Volume 8, Issue 1 , April 2010
Hossein Mahmoudian; Hajiieh Bibi Razeghi-Nasrabad; Mohammad Reza Karegar shooraki
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Abstract
One of the key issues of migration concerns women’s migration. This article, examines the conditions of skilled immigrant women in ehran. Qualitative method is used to collect the necessary data for this tudy. The research also conducts in-depth interview with 25 immigrate women residing in Tehran. ...
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One of the key issues of migration concerns women’s migration. This article, examines the conditions of skilled immigrant women in ehran. Qualitative method is used to collect the necessary data for this tudy. The research also conducts in-depth interview with 25 immigrate women residing in Tehran. The results of the research show that migration decisions depend on multiple factors including lack of employment, educational and entertainment opportunities, search for a better life, or to escape poverty, social or family pressures. According to the study migration has heterogeneous impacts. This phenomenon creates both opportunities and threats for personal security. The study reveals that the motives for women’s immigration include access to further knowledge and information, more varied choices, higher economic status, chance of empowerment as well as gender discrimination, vulnerability, conflicts, exploitation, and indeed involvement in the paradox of privation and prosperousness. However large majority of immigrant women and girls do not want to return home because they fear to lose their newly-won autonomy.
Abolghasem Dadvar; Leila Pour kazemi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , January 2010
Abstract
Women’s costume constitutes factors such as design, color and pattern. By putting these factors together, specific clothing is produced in each region. This study is considers foot wears in small villages of different parts of Iran. The main goal of this research is to find the similarities between ...
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Women’s costume constitutes factors such as design, color and pattern. By putting these factors together, specific clothing is produced in each region. This study is considers foot wears in small villages of different parts of Iran. The main goal of this research is to find the similarities between the foot wears and factors which affect them. To this aim, different women’s footwear are introduced and examined separately. The research method utilized in this study is documental analysis. The findings indicate that there’s a close relationship between the footwear and women’s living conditions. The study reveals that the type of footwear is taken into consideration in various activities such as farming, ranching and also migration. In each activity the footwear that provides the best comfort and convenience is used. The same results can be seen among women who live in similar location and climatic conditions. On the whole, such research can shed light into the culture of rural people, their type of clothing and so reveal subtle points about them.
Mohamad Reza Bemanian; Mojtaba Rafieian; E Zabetian
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2009
Volume 7, Issue 2 , August 2009
Abstract
One of the important issues in development is the rate of active participation of women in different fields including macro-decision makings of society.
Gender inequality especially in management field has caused much potential of women to be left untouched. In Most countries women have a share in
social, ...
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One of the important issues in development is the rate of active participation of women in different fields including macro-decision makings of society.
Gender inequality especially in management field has caused much potential of women to be left untouched. In Most countries women have a share in
social, economic decisions. But Iran has not been successful in this process. There are many theories for explaining gender inequality .for example: Neo
Classic,-Segmentation of labor market, Gender (Feminist), socialization, social learning and others theories. These theories emphasize on gender and
body traits of women, household responsibility and social conditions of organizations and society, gender socialization and gender stereotype
variables. The aim of this survey is to study the factors that affect gender inequality especially in management field. Here, we consider gender and
body traits of women, household responsibility and social conditions of organizations and society variables that are more important. The sample size
of survey is 408 staff of state organizations in east Azerbaijan province. The results show that there are invisible obstacles known as “glass ceiling” in
these organizations. Thus, gender and body traits of women, household responsibility, social conditions of organizations, education, family and age
affect gender inequality especially in management domain.
Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2009
Abstract
Cultural politics regarding status of women is a common issue of Iranian society. Influenced by Prophet Mohammad's teachings in the Arab world, women's status changed rapidly and soon they gained a different social-cultural position in their society. This article, based on the reasoning of discourse ...
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Cultural politics regarding status of women is a common issue of Iranian society. Influenced by Prophet Mohammad's teachings in the Arab world, women's status changed rapidly and soon they gained a different social-cultural position in their society. This article, based on the reasoning of discourse aims to distinguish the social order governing the Arabian Peninsula focusing on its discourse order (introducing ignorance discourse and prophetic discourse). The research aims to find out what discourse propositions in the field of women did Prophet Mohammad produce as a ruler that improved the socio-cultural status of women. In doing so the research has made use of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Moffe method in analyzing the discourse based on "articulation".
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2008
Abstract
The present article's focus is mainly on the qualitative analysis of women's representation in Iranian national TV series. Thus, three series, "if my dad was alive!", "the ninth month gazelle " and the satire genre "homeless" produced by channel 1 and 3 in the second half of 2004 have been addressed ...
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The present article's focus is mainly on the qualitative analysis of women's representation in Iranian national TV series. Thus, three series, "if my dad was alive!", "the ninth month gazelle " and the satire genre "homeless" produced by channel 1 and 3 in the second half of 2004 have been addressed through qualitative method.
The analysis of these cases focused on the concept of the deserving presence of women in the series' plot. To this aim, the views of Islamic thinkers as well as the television's agendas and purposes in 2004 have been examined. The authors conclude that the qualitative presence of women in the series is not consistent with the agendas and purposes although the quantity of the presence is reasonable. In reality, a significant rupture between Islamic Iranian policy-makings and the productions of the Iranian TV has resulted in the ineffectiveness of this organization in exercising its gender policy.
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2008
Abstract
In recent decades, empowerment as delegation of power to someone has been used a mechanism to increase personal and work life quality of women. Higher education and occupation are effective instruments for empowering women but the role of culture can't be denied in this relation. Social norms can directly ...
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In recent decades, empowerment as delegation of power to someone has been used a mechanism to increase personal and work life quality of women. Higher education and occupation are effective instruments for empowering women but the role of culture can't be denied in this relation. Social norms can directly or indirectly limit women's empowerment. In this article the role of higher education and occupation in psychological empowerment of women in Tehran has been quested.
Current research is a descriptive-practical research. Education and occupation are independent variables and empowerment is the dependent variable. Random sampling is used and 600 questionnaires are completed by women in Tehran city.
To determine validity of scale, construct validity and factor analysis is utilized. The reliability index of chronbakh is 0.8945 and spearman correlation and structural equations model are used for statistical analysis.
Results of research indicate that higher education and organizational occupation determine the level of empowerment for women in Tehran.
Volume 5, Issue 3 , January 2008
Volume 5, Issue 3 , January 2008
Abstract
One of the important problems concerning women in Iranian organizations is the stereotype attitudes towards women inherited from the past. Many of these negative attitudes have been made by men, and that’s why, women's efficiency and effectiveness in organizations seems low as compared to that of men. ...
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One of the important problems concerning women in Iranian organizations is the stereotype attitudes towards women inherited from the past. Many of these negative attitudes have been made by men, and that’s why, women's efficiency and effectiveness in organizations seems low as compared to that of men.
This study attempts to examine the popular clichés concerning women's organizational commitment, job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior in educational organizations (Ministry of Education, Ministry of Research & Technology, and Ministry of Health and Medical Education).
The statistical sample consists of 819 people. The findings show that women's organizational commitment in educational organizations is not qualitatively different from that of men. Thus Women's involvement and organizational citizenship behavior is actually more than men's. Furthermore, the results show that organizational commitment has a significant causal relationship with job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior.
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2007
Abstract
International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating ...
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International experiences reveal that promotion of gender equality paves the way for developmental achievements in a way that it ensures equal living standards and human rights for all individuals. Nowadays gender equality is not only one of the principles of human rights but is emphasized for alleviating poverty, upgrading living standards and stabilizing economy.
The relation between democracy, development and equality is taken for granted thus to realize this it is necessary to conduct structural reformations for increasing women’s participation in political and social life. No doubt supporting women’s role and reinforcing it in the society improves hygiene and health care, enhances level of education, voluntarily controls population growth and generally improves economic growth and equal distribution of benefits.
During the past decades there have been fundamental changes in the role and status of women. Many countries have come to an agreement and reached a consensus on the reduction of gender gap regarding education, healthcare, occupation, and social welfare. Data regarding Iran suggest that although there have been effective attempts in reducing gender gap but still women face many problems. Some of these problems and obstacles are due to pressures and forces of development but a great part of it is related to culture and dominating traditions.
The third five-year development plan is distinguished from other plans in terms of emphasizing on indices and necessities of reducing gender gaps. This study demonstrates that from many aspects there are fewer gaps and gender inequality in many provinces nevertheless this is totally different regarding occupation.
