Leila Safa; Mansoreh Adibi
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of Telegram social network users in Iran especially among the young and educated people, it seems that the study of use of such networks is important particularly in educational activities. Given the importance of the issue, the purpose of this descriptive- correlative research ...
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Due to the increasing number of Telegram social network users in Iran especially among the young and educated people, it seems that the study of use of such networks is important particularly in educational activities. Given the importance of the issue, the purpose of this descriptive- correlative research was to study the factors affecting students’ intention to use Telegram social network in educational activities with focusing on moderating effect of gender. The statistical population of the research consisted of all M.Sc. students of agricultural majors at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (N= 767). According to the Bartlett et al. table, a sample size of 196 students was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A standard questionnaire (after adjusting the questions with the field of research) was employed to collect data. The results showed that two variables of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had a positive and significant effect on attitude toward using telegram in educational activities, whereas, there was not a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude. Also, attitude had a positive and significant effect on agricultural students’ intention to use Telegram in educational activities. The results of multi-group analysis indicated that gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude toward using Telegram in educational activities, so that the relationship was non-significant for female students, whereas it was positive and significant for male students.
Political sciences
Mahmoudreza Rahbarqazi; Amin Kooshki
Abstract
In the new age, the canon of people’s attention to politics have been moving from public domains to private ones, from collective belongingness to personal one, and from homogenizing ideologies to personal identities. In addition, new policies offer a new method of participation which contradicts ...
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In the new age, the canon of people’s attention to politics have been moving from public domains to private ones, from collective belongingness to personal one, and from homogenizing ideologies to personal identities. In addition, new policies offer a new method of participation which contradicts the existing communication channels via questioning legitimacy of the existing structures. Thus, one of the methods of new policies is political consumerism. Political consumers are individuals who select their required goods and services based on their societies’ political and moral considerations and not the nature of the goods themselves. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between gender and political consumerism of citizens of Sabzevar. The data collection and analysis method is survey research. This study was conducted on 416 male and female citizens of Sabzevar City. To collect data, a questionnaire was employed. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated formally and its reliability was assessed via the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Considering three aspects of political consumerism, behaviors, motivations, and habits, it was observed that there is significant differences in the degree of political consumerism of male and female respondents. In addition, women have more tendency to use political consumerism for influencing public decisions in the society.
Entrepreneurship
Roya Karamat; Rasoul Abbasi; Mohammad Reza Fallah
Abstract
Nowadays, one business taken into much consideration is family businesses. Given that no more strategies and factors have been found for women to enter family businesses, we have decided to conduct a research to accelerate the entry of women into these businesses. The purpose of this study is to enter ...
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Nowadays, one business taken into much consideration is family businesses. Given that no more strategies and factors have been found for women to enter family businesses, we have decided to conduct a research to accelerate the entry of women into these businesses. The purpose of this study is to enter the field of private business. The present qualitative study is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its methodology. The statistical population is women, entrepreneurship researchers, and managers in the field of entrepreneurship as well as in family businesses. For the effective factors, it has used sixteen interviews, selected based on the snowball sampling method. The data-based method has helped analyzing these interviews. The findings show that identification of family identity and individual competencies are among the causal conditions for women to enter family businesses. We can also mention social support as ground conditions and family challenges as intervening ones, which are effective in women entering the family business. One of the strategies to accelerate the entry of women is to improve the infrastructure and empowerment of women.
Women's Studies
Mohammadrahim Eivazi; Zohreh Hemmati
Abstract
By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political ...
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By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political participation. In this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barriers of Woman's political participation are searched. In Islamic republic of Iran empathizing Islamic parliament is based on the opportunity's structures. The review of 32 years after the Islamic revolution findings suggest that in tree opportunity's structures, political- legal and individual- personality and socio- economic for Iranians woman are not concern serious legal barriers because of some individual- personality factors. Also, sociopolitical couldn't have widespread assist in parliamentary election and achieving seats in Islamic parliament.
zahra ghasemi
Abstract
The level of Gender inequality between girls and boys in the family and the explanation of the factors affecting it The family is one of the most important social pillars and the degree of discrimination between girls and boys in the family affects other aspects of society, while family law rules give ...
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The level of Gender inequality between girls and boys in the family and the explanation of the factors affecting it The family is one of the most important social pillars and the degree of discrimination between girls and boys in the family affects other aspects of society, while family law rules give special rights to men and the propaganda norms of marriage and marital relations also lead authority. It has masculine orientation. The type of parent-child relationship has changed and with the tendency to have one child, the priority between girls and boys in the family has changed. This article has been compiled with two objectives: 1- Recognizing the level of discrimination between girls and boys in the family 2- Recognizing the factors affecting discrimination in the family between girls and boys. The research has quantitative explanatory method. Questioned by 500 parents living in Tehran who have at least one son and one daughter.. The results showed: Discrimination between boys and girls in the family has decreased in Tehran. There is a significant relationship between the average family income and patriarchy and acceptance of social discrimination, acceptance of legal discrimination, personal and emotional development of parents, socialization of discrimination in parents, learning discrimination in childhood parents ' education with the level of discrimination between girls and boys in the family. There is also an inverse relationship between parental personality and emotional development and family income with discrimination.
Psychology
Rezgar Mohammadi; Zahra Mohammadi
Abstract
Marriage for the second time will be a big challenge if any of the man or woman or both have children. In this case, there will be challenging factors including various cultural, economic, traditions and beliefs and many other problems. Even the existence of a child will be one of the main reasons for ...
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Marriage for the second time will be a big challenge if any of the man or woman or both have children. In this case, there will be challenging factors including various cultural, economic, traditions and beliefs and many other problems. Even the existence of a child will be one of the main reasons for preventing them from marriage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the experience of the challenges of re-marriage with the presence of children and to identify its final structure in the participants who had experienced that. In this research, a qualitative descriptive phenomenological research has been directed to collect and evaluate information about the challenges of re-marriage with the presence of the children. Fourteen subjects who experienced remarriage in their married life were selected through targeted sampling and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis has revealed 4 main themes (themes) and 10 sub-themes (categories). These are including: "Perceiving the problems of having a child" with categories of, behavioral problems and children's adaptation, the presence of the child as an obstacle, the acceptance or rejection of the child of the remarriage; economic and financial dimension with the categories of the importance of economic dimension and the necessity of financial management; social and cultural dimensions with categories of social and cultural inefficiencies, interference of those around them, social facilitation or inhibition; and requirements for re-marriage with the categories of facilitators and importance of proper behaviors and understanding of the spouse. The results of this research have indicated that this is a multidimensional phenomenon with individual, economic, social, cultural and family dimensions. The findings of this study expanded the limited literature on the experience of re-marriage with the presence of the child. Also, the structure of the challenges posed by this study in the field of paternity treatment and premarital counseling has many implications for preventing marital dissatisfaction and increasing marital and family success.
Hatam Hosseini; Maryam Geravand
Abstract
With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting ...
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With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting the gap in women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage for girlsin the city of Koohdasht. Residents of this regionethnically and culturally belong to Lor and Lak ethnic groups. Lack of any knowledgeonmarriage patterns ofwomen of these ethnic groups would necessitate this study. Data istakenfrom a survey conducted on a sample of 395 once-married women living in ordinaryhouseholds atthe city of Koohdasht in April 2013. A combination of sampling techniquesincluding multistage clustering and systematic random sampling were employed. Resultsindicated gaps in women’s behavior and their attitude on the appropriate age ofmarriage. The63 percent of participants proposed a mean age of marriage for girls completely different tothe age of their own marriage. The gaps are mostly in a negative direction. More than 80percent of women took part in the test proposed a higher age for girls’ marriage compared totheir own age of marriage. According to this study, socio-economic status of women,postmaterialist attitudes to marriage, women’s autonomy and age at the time of the studyhadthe most impact on the rate of the gap between women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage. The results also reflected the fact that the combination ofsocio-economic, demographic characteristics and ethnic-cultural factors could provide a betterexplanation forthe gap in women’s behavior and attitude on theage of marriage.
Hossein Daneshmehr; Kamal Khaleghpanah; Soheyla Zandi Sarabsoure
Abstract
The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality ...
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The present study seeks to address rural women's narratives of gender inequality in field education. This study, while interpreting their subordinate positions, explores women's narratives of the status of education-gender relations and the factors that make up the field of education and gender inequality in education. To this end, we use Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical apparatus as a guide to the formulation of concepts. This research has used the tradition of qualitative method and the thematic narrative analysis method to discover and extract categories in which participatory observation tools and in-depth interviews were used to collect the required data. The field of study is rural areas of Dehgolan with qualitative and purposeful sampling logic in addition to space sampling (large, medium and small villages). It conducted in-depth interviews with 32 women aged 15-35 years in 6 rural settlements. The narrative data were coded and formatted into 78 initial themes, 36 sub-themes, 8 main themes, and one final theme. The main themes of the narratives are: gender socialization, deepening mechanisms of social inequality, material poverty, cultural poverty, inaccessibility of educational centers, early marriage of girls, restriction of women from entering the public sphere and reproduction. The final issue is education as a field of production of gender inequality in rural areas, which has shaped the narrative of the multiple features of women.
Heshmatollah Sadi; Hosein Shabanali Fami; Somayeh Latifi
Abstract
This study evaluates the economic and social power of rural women in Hamadan who manufacture rugs and factors affecting it. Survey method was applied through questionnaires to conduct the research. 404 female rug makers were selected from Hamedan province based on Krejcie & Morgan table. The results ...
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This study evaluates the economic and social power of rural women in Hamadan who manufacture rugs and factors affecting it. Survey method was applied through questionnaires to conduct the research. 404 female rug makers were selected from Hamedan province based on Krejcie & Morgan table. The results suggest that social ability mean of female rug weavers is higher than their economic potency. The results of regression analysis also showed that the variables of handmade rug’s size, availability of materials and tools of rug making, the level of related technical knowledge, and rug weaving time length during a day are among the most important factors of rural women’s economic ability which defines 42 percent of variance of their economic ability. Regarding social potency, the variables of job satisfaction, economic ability, level of related technical knowledge, and level of education explicate 43 percent of the variables of social ability. Considering the results of this research, strengthening the indicators affecting economic and social power of female rug makers especially indicators of availability of materials and tools of rug making, and related technical knowledge of rug making through holding courses to empower them is necessary.
Women's Studies
Amir Soltani Nejad; Adibeh Barshan; Amirsadra Asadi; Maryam Balvardi; Ali Sadei
Abstract
Drug trafficking is one of the complex social problems of the present time. This is the cause of many social injuries and deviations. This phenomenon targets not only individual security but also national security of the community. In this research, the qualitative method has been used to recreate life ...
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Drug trafficking is one of the complex social problems of the present time. This is the cause of many social injuries and deviations. This phenomenon targets not only individual security but also national security of the community. In this research, the qualitative method has been used to recreate life experience of women to identify the causes and areas of their exposure to narcotics trafficking. The research data were obtained from a deep interview with 18 trafficked women in the central prison of Kerman. The subjects were selected through purposeful sampling. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. According to the results, the causes of drug trafficking by women can be found in eight main themes: women's situations, economic system problems, weaknesses in coping systems, ecological platforms of the region, family problems, cultural poverty, inferior friends and class contradictions. Therefore, the smuggling of drugs by women is a phenomenon of several causes. The causes and areas of its formation should not be sought only in a person or a particular entity; it is also always a set of cultural, social and environmental factors, family, judicial, law enforcement, and individual causes were the basis of smuggling.
Nashmil Afshar zade; Abdolhamid pap zan
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 115-133
Abstract
In recent years sustainable development has been one of the concerns of man. To address this concern farming sustainable development will be one of the most important issues which must be dealt with. It seems that one of the necessary elements to further this goal is to have a serious look at indigenous ...
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In recent years sustainable development has been one of the concerns of man. To address this concern farming sustainable development will be one of the most important issues which must be dealt with. It seems that one of the necessary elements to further this goal is to have a serious look at indigenous knowledge of farming and particularly women’s knowledge. Women and above all nomad women have admirable indigenous knowledge of farming: dairy farming, and dairy products which is worth of being registered and preserved because it can be practiced to provide food and sustainable development as humanitarian development.
This qualitative study was conducted to detect and document the indigenous knowledge of migrant women of Kalhor tribe about dairy farming. Geographical area was Gilan-e-Gharb Township, Kermanshah province. Focus Groups technique was employed to collect data. Purposive sampling was used and the collected data was analyzed through content analysis. The results show that nomad women have impressive knowledge of farm animal nourishment, veterinary, producing dairy and non dairy products returnable to the nature and by learning this knowledge we can have a step forward to sustainable farming.
Mohsen Noghani; Mohammad Mazloom Khorasani; Zeynab Mahmood Abadi
Abstract
This study tries to examine the factors affecting nutrition disorders among postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The data was analyzed through survey method and optimal stratified sampling, and multiple and logistic regression with the sample size of 260 girl students of postgraduate ...
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This study tries to examine the factors affecting nutrition disorders among postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The data was analyzed through survey method and optimal stratified sampling, and multiple and logistic regression with the sample size of 260 girl students of postgraduate levels. The results show that eating disorders mean is 2.22 out of 5 which is less than average. Also 28% of the sample population suffers from nutrition disorders. Body image, pressure of norms by men, pressure of norms by the worldwide media (satellite TV, internet), social acceptance of the body, and appearance management have positive and significant relations and correlations with nutrition disorders. Finally the two variables of social acceptance and body image as factors affecting nutrition disorders formed 53% of dependant variables in regression model. All in all the findings indicate that social variables are important factors for eating disorders.
Mohammad Atashak
Abstract
The aim of this study is the evaluation of gender equality in Iran's educational system, as it is regarded as being one of the most important national and international goals. An evaluative research method, along with a secondary analysis method of Iran's 2011 census analysis, have been employed for ...
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The aim of this study is the evaluation of gender equality in Iran's educational system, as it is regarded as being one of the most important national and international goals. An evaluative research method, along with a secondary analysis method of Iran's 2011 census analysis, have been employed for this purpose.Results show that, in total, the age group of up to 34 years old, those in the age group of up to 39 years old located in urban areas, and those in the age group of up to 24 years old, who were inhabitants of rural areas, gender equality can be found within Iran's educational system. The most obvious cases of gender inequality in Iran's educational system, can be found in the age group of those above 35 years of age. In addition to these findings, analysis of the different educational levels, shows that we have gender equality at the primary school level. In lower secondary and upper secondary levels and in higher education, the preference is directed towards male students, with female students finding gender equality only at pre-university level.
Afsaneh Tavasoli; Vahideh Saeidi
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 133-149
Abstract
Throughout history “family” has undergone changes. Among the factors affecting these changes are the increasing participation of women in public areas and entering the world of employment. When women were employed and left homes it transformed the form of traditional family life and power structure ...
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Throughout history “family” has undergone changes. Among the factors affecting these changes are the increasing participation of women in public areas and entering the world of employment. When women were employed and left homes it transformed the form of traditional family life and power structure between men and women in the family interactions was changed. In this paper the influence of women’s occupation on male-female relationships in the family interaction between the two groups of employed married women and unemployed married women are compared and evaluated. The method of This research is survey and questionnaires were completed by samples of over 384 persons (131 employed women and 253 unemployed women) .The method of sampling was the multi-staged cluster one and quota sampling in Eyvanekey city in Semnan. For testing the hypothesis Mann-Whitney test, Pearson correlation and a multivariate regression have been used. The results show that men’s and women’s access to an amount of a resource such as income and education can augment the authority of each of them in the family. The increase of the belief of gender oriented ideology in women leads in male authority increase in the family. Also women's participation in family finance will add to the authority of them in the family.
Asadallah Naghdi; Esmaeil Balali; Parvin Imani
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 147-163
Abstract
In today's world, women's participation in social activities is considered as a measure of their social and civil rights. However, there are challenges to such participation. This research aims to investigate these socio-cultural obstacles, comparing athletic and non-athletic women.
The present study ...
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In today's world, women's participation in social activities is considered as a measure of their social and civil rights. However, there are challenges to such participation. This research aims to investigate these socio-cultural obstacles, comparing athletic and non-athletic women.
The present study examines women's sports participation as a form of behavior which includes Fishbein and Ajzen theories, social learning theory, cultural capital, Bem's feministic theories, Chaftez theory and also Chu's theory, through survey and data gathering technique of questionnaire.
A t-test was run for independent samples along with logistic regression proportional to research theories to compare the two groups. 200 non-athletic and 50 athletic women were selected a statistical society of 106404 women aged 20 to 40 residing in Hamedan Province.
The results show that athletic women enjoy a greater economic, social and cultural status and a more comprehensive social protection. Moreover, the families of athletic women have more positive attitude towards life than non-athletes. Accordingly, athletic women demonstrate a significantly lower acceptance rate for cliché beliefs in comparison to non – athletic women. However, the results also reveal that in terms of perceived usefulness, there is no significant difference between these two groups.
Generally, cultural capital and individual inclination are two influential variables in the probability of women participating in sports
Bahram Ranjbarian; Kazem Zabih zadeh; Mojtaba Berari
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 155-180
Abstract
Today consumption has turned to be one of the most important concepts in our modern world. Although it used to be a way to satisfy basic needs of humans in the past, it can be regarded as a social phenomenon in which individuals are trying satisfy their multiple needs. Despite the importance of women’s ...
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Today consumption has turned to be one of the most important concepts in our modern world. Although it used to be a way to satisfy basic needs of humans in the past, it can be regarded as a social phenomenon in which individuals are trying satisfy their multiple needs. Despite the importance of women’s consumption patterns there is no precise information in this regard. Thus the main purpose of this study is to investigate the parameters of status consumption and role-relaxed consumption as well as to study the effect of personal and social factors, inclination to be unique, to be impressed by others, and to notice the social comparison information on status oriented consumption and role-relaxed consumption.
This is a descriptive study conducted through a survey. The statistical population of the study is girl students of university of Isfahan. The sample size was estimated to be 369 and data gathering has been done by classified random sampling. The data gathering instrument was questionnaire. Results indicate that respondents’ consumption pattern complies with the status consumption, also personal factors (tendency to uniqueness) have positive effect on status consumption and social factors (consumers’ susceptibility to interpersonal influence and attention to social comparison information) have negative effect on role-relaxed consumption.
Zeinab Kavehfirouz; Bizhan Zare; Hossein Shamsedini
Abstract
Iran in recent decades with the steep fall in fertility is facing a demographic issue. According to the movement of Iranian society towards modernity as a result of lifestyle changes, the big question raised in the present research is that ”what lifestyle changes can affect reproductive attitudes ...
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Iran in recent decades with the steep fall in fertility is facing a demographic issue. According to the movement of Iranian society towards modernity as a result of lifestyle changes, the big question raised in the present research is that ”what lifestyle changes can affect reproductive attitudes of activists?” This study was designed aiming at investigating the attitudes toward childbearing, with an emphasis on lifestyle factors among women who want to get married referring to health care networks in Tehran. Using survey methods and techniques, 384 women in Tehran were studied. According to the results we can say that 83.3 percent of pre-marriage women have average and poor attitude toward childbearing and its functions. The lifestyle and its constituent components (body management, free time, cultural consumption and socioeconomic status) have a significant relationship with attitudes toward childbearing, and 32% of the change in attitudes toward childbearing is explained by the independent variable. Also, among the aspects of lifestyle, socio-economic status has the highest impact on the dependent variable. In other words, the mentioned variable, in addition to the direct effect on women's attitudes toward childbearing in Tehran, also influence all aspects of lifestyle, and cultural consumption variable, in addition to the immediate effect on women's attitudes, is influenced by the other dimensions of lifestyle. After socioeconomic status, body management affects women's attitudes toward childbearing.
Sociology
Farideh Khalajabadi Farahani; Fatemeh Tanha; Fatemeh Abootorabi Zarchi
Abstract
Today, the number of women who have lost their husbands as a result of divorce is on the rise. The experiences of these women often change in their relationships because of economic and social pressures. This study aims to explore the experiences of divorced women aged under 35about changes in family ...
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Today, the number of women who have lost their husbands as a result of divorce is on the rise. The experiences of these women often change in their relationships because of economic and social pressures. This study aims to explore the experiences of divorced women aged under 35about changes in family and social relationships, the results were then applied to the women living in Saveh. Interviewees were in different position with employment and mother. Sampling of this research was done purposefully using snowball method. This research is phenomenological given that women experience about the nature of their relationships after divorce is explored. In family relationships, the essence of women experience was supportive, and in social relations, their relationship was characterized with internal and external social exclusion and unsafe occupational and social environment. This resuls will be have many uses for social protection from women after divorce and also for married couple training about changing relationship after divorce.
Sociology of feeding
Mohammad Abbaszadeh; Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam; Marziyeh Mokhtari
Abstract
Having the highest mortality rate among mental illness, eating disorders is one of majorconcerns of World Health Organization nowadays. So, the study with aiming to specify therelationship between eating disorders and emotional intelligence being known as a sociopsychologicalvariable is trying to explain ...
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Having the highest mortality rate among mental illness, eating disorders is one of majorconcerns of World Health Organization nowadays. So, the study with aiming to specify therelationship between eating disorders and emotional intelligence being known as a sociopsychologicalvariable is trying to explain the levels of eating disorders among the femalestudents. The method of this research was survey and the measurement tools were closedquestioners. The population of the study was all undergraduate female students of TabrizUniversity in 92-93 (4514 students) which 367 of them were selected through stratifiedrandom sampling by Cochran formula. The data were analyzed by spss software. The resultsshow that emotional intelligence and its dimensions have a negative and significantcorrelation with eating disorders and its dimensions, somehow; as the self-awareness, selfcontrolling,social consciousness, social skills and finally emotional intelligence ofrespondents increase; correspondingly, eating disorders will decrease and vice versa. Basedon regression analyzes among the studied variables social consciousness variable with Beta= -1.24 is a significant factor in predicting eating disorders.
economics
Zahra Afshari
Abstract
Using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in Iran for the period 2007-2012. The article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in Iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in ...
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Using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in Iran for the period 2007-2012. The article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in Iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. For this purpose, two models; i.e. fertility and gender equality, are estimated. The first model shows that as gender equality (in general, and gender equality in labor market) increases, fertility follows a U shape pattern. The second model confirms a U shape relationship between fertility increase and gender equality (in general and in education). The results show that the transition from very high fertility to replacement-level fertility in Iran has been associated with a rapid shift toward high levels of gender equity in individual institutions such as education but with low levels of equality in market employment, in combination with high level of gender equity within the family and low level of family-oriented institutions.
Kamran Rabiei; Tahereh Shariat Manesh
Abstract
The presence of women in the city and attending informal gatherings is part of their daily lives. The main purpose of this study is to describe women's experience of the relationships they produce and reproduce as social actors in feminine urban hangouts. Influenced by Henri Lefebvre's theory of space ...
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The presence of women in the city and attending informal gatherings is part of their daily lives. The main purpose of this study is to describe women's experience of the relationships they produce and reproduce as social actors in feminine urban hangouts. Influenced by Henri Lefebvre's theory of space production, the premise of this study is that space and place were not merely a material product but a product of social relations. The main purpose of the present study is to understand women's lived experiences and spatial perceptions of feminine hangouts and their role in reproducing social structure. In order to achieve these goals, relying on phenomenology, interviews and observation were considered as data collection techniques. In this regard, four types of women's hangouts were selected through targeted sampling and also 27 women from Isfahan were interviewed. The present study showed the process in which the hangouts such as alleyways and women's religious meetings act as two spaces through which women reproduce the traditional relations of society. In fact, these two spaces have the "reproduction and continuity of traditional spatial practice" that leads to the "ideological reproduction of collective space". In contrast, the two venues, the café and the poetry and music circles, serve as hangouts in which a new form of everyday life is produced that is not based on the reproduction of patriarchal values or the continuation of traditional community values. Such hangouts can be termed the "semiotic production of modern social space", which in some cases, such as literary and artistic circles, leads to "intellectual space production and cultural resistance". In combination with other factors, it provides a context for wider cultural and social change.
Women's Studies
Hossein Athari; Abolghasem Shahriyari
Abstract
Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political ...
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Political participation is an indication of democracy and political development and legitimacy in different societies. The more participation in a society occurs, the more legitimacy a political system will have. So, the efforts of Iranian political system are toward increasing people’s political participation rate. Since half of the Iranian world consists of women, a survey on the factors affecting their political participation can make us understand how and why the political participation is done and reveal the solutions to increase women’s participation. The purpose of this paper which has been done through survey-research method is to consider the factors that affect the political participation of women in Booshehr. The sample size is comprised of 350 persons who have been selected by cluster sampling (urban areas) and random sampling. The obtained results show that women in Booshehr have either mass or observational participation. The equation obtained by regression shows that the variable of political awareness has the most effect on increasing women’s political participation. After that, variables of being religious, educational level, feeling of powerlessness, social rank, feeling of political efficacy, and membership in communities have the most effect on women’s political participation. Among these variables, the variable of political powerlessness has negative effects on political participation.
Nahid salimi; Seyyed Hosein Kazemi
Abstract
Being entangled with the political and social discourses and currents, the policy-making process for women and the family in the field of gender justice has faced high level of complexity in Iran. As a result, many fragmented and conflicting policies has been developed especially over the last two decades. ...
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Being entangled with the political and social discourses and currents, the policy-making process for women and the family in the field of gender justice has faced high level of complexity in Iran. As a result, many fragmented and conflicting policies has been developed especially over the last two decades. In this way, by focusing on the role of policy actors, this study aims to investigate the discursive causes of this obvious inconsistency in the relevant policy-making process. To do so, by using Laclau and Mouffe's critical discourse analysis theory, firstly, we analyze the dominant discourses as manifested in policy documents in order to represent the existing fragmentation. Then, based on the policy subsystems theory and its arguments about the effect of policy subsystems on the directions of policies, we explore the policy narratives of the supporting and allied actors in the policy making process. Findings show that the gender justice policies in many cases suffer from the untamed fragmentation affected by the multiplicity of the policy subsystems’ discourses. Specifically, when the nodal points of the formal policies’ discourses are compared with the policy narratives used by the actors, the influences of discourse coalitions in the relevant problem-solving process and policy-making is quite evident.
Masoud Hadjizadeh Meimandi; Hossein Afrsiabi; Maryam Baharluoei
Abstract
The approach and attitude to water is effective in water treatment. Women are one of the most important agents of water consumption at the household level. In a situation where dehydration has become one of the super-challenges, it is important to know the views of women about this situation. The purpose ...
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The approach and attitude to water is effective in water treatment. Women are one of the most important agents of water consumption at the household level. In a situation where dehydration has become one of the super-challenges, it is important to know the views of women about this situation. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience and interpretation of Isfahan women about water consumption and dehydration. The current research has been coducted by qualitative method; meanwhile, it has used data-based theory for conducting the research and data analysis. In addition, the sampling method is based on purposeful sampling. To obtain validation of the investigation, we used three methods including validation by members, analytical comparison, and external inspection by supervisor and consultant. For data collection, a semi-structured interview has been conducted with 30 women living in the city of Esfahan. After implementing open coding, axial coding and selective coding, 10 main categories and a paradigmatic model have been presented. The achieved strategies are including environmental and natural hazards, and modernization of causes of water scarcity conditions, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social and psychological concerns as the causing conditions, water governance and water consumption technologies, , and awareness and learning. The consequences are also including understanding the danger, being responsible and feeling guilty of unnecessary consumption. Therefore, institutional theory in this research as culture and infrastructure has been provided in the form of a paradigmatic model.
Political sciences
Marzieh Samaei Sahnesaraei; Rahim Khastu; Saeed Moghimi
Abstract
Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political ...
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Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political development and the distribution of power system, and they lead to reform the political and social structure of the country by preventing the monopoly of power of a particular group or stratum, and if used correctly and rationally, they will lead to the more participation of women. In this study, the problems of women activists in the two decades of 1370s and 1380s and the extent of their participation and the manner of their agency in parties and NGOs have been discussed, and the following basic questions were answered: what are the reasons for more participation of women in NGOs than political parties during the 1370s and 1380s and what factors have caused political parties in the field of women's activities that they have not not achieved their desired functions. Qualitative and descriptive methods have been used to find the answers to the questions. The results of documentary studies, coding, and categorization of interview data through MAXQDA software and the use of content analysis method and data-oriented theory showed that although political parties after the 70s and 80s claimed to expand the role of women in political and social fields, this important goal has rarely been achieved at the highest levels due to the nature of political parties in Iran, and NGOs have, to a large extent, been in a much better position in presenting, expanding, and playing the participatory role of women.
