Political sciences
Ali Alihoseni
Abstract
In today's modern world, one of the most important prerequisites for the development and stability of countries is the optimal use of all human resources, especially understanding the relevance of women's role in social and political affairs. Although equal participation and leadership of women ...
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In today's modern world, one of the most important prerequisites for the development and stability of countries is the optimal use of all human resources, especially understanding the relevance of women's role in social and political affairs. Although equal participation and leadership of women in political and public life is necessary to achieve the goals of sustainable development in the world; However, the available evidence and data indicate that women are underrepresented at all levels of decision-making around the world, and the achievement of gender equality in political and social life is still out of reach. In the meantime, Europe is the only region in the current era that, within the last two decades and in the light of relatively appropriate policies in the field of women, have had this relative opportunity to increase their political participation at the national and regional levels, while trying to increase their competence and credibility. Defend at the highest political, legislative and judicial levels. The present article, by applying the theory of feminism and benefiting from Jones' policy model, tries to answer the central question that the experience of women's presence in the field of policy and decision-making in the European continent, especially in the parliamentary field, refers to what issues and considerations and its output. What dimensions and consequences did it include? The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of women in policy-making and decision-making in European national and regional parliaments. And the research method is qualitative and using library documents and resources.The research findings show that the discussion of gender equality as one of the main indicators of feminism in the European Union has found its real place and women have taken steps on an equal footing with men in political and economic decision-making. In Europe, in the last decade, many women have taken the most important positions of power. This shows that Europe is moving faster in gender equality in the political field. Europe has been pursuing gender equality in a targeted way for years. Therefore, in the field of politics, by paving the way for women, they tried to make the voice of half of the society heard. By assuming executive and legislative positions, women have found an opportunity to show their political expertise and competencies. Women politicians who may have gender biases support policies and policies that remove formal and informal obstacles from their path in order to involve and participate more women and play a role model for the future generation of women provides. The presence of women in the political positions of the presidency, prime minister and ministerial positions, along with the approval of laws such as the abortion law, family support and child protection, women's leave and child care, health and treatment, policies related to workers' compensation and social welfare budget. ; Among the determining factors and effective legislative measures, which gradually provided a suitable platform to stabilize the position of women in accepting high political and parliamentary responsibilities.
Political sciences
sima raeisi; Hosein Tafazzoli; Mohammad Tohidfam; Ah,madreza Taheri
Abstract
In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the ...
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In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the present question, how has the Baluchistan stratification system brought the political participation of Baluch women under its radius? It was tried to study the political participation of Baluch women according to social stratification. The current research was conducted with a contextual method, as well as with a semi-structured interview technique and targeted sampling of eleven Baluch men and women.
The main goals of the research are to untangle the issues and problems of political participation in Baluchistan region. Identifying the effect of political participation on the social stratification process of Sistan and Baluchistan and finding practical and precise solutions for the political participation of women in the province to be used in the development strategies and prospects of the country.
The findings of the research show that the political participation of Baluch women has been under the influence of social stratification in Baluchistan. Despite the fact that the background factors such as: patriarchy, gender socialization, religious concepts and historical and mental backgrounds are similar, but women's participation has been formed according to the social stratifications of each part of Baluchistan region. According to social stratifications, including: tribal stratification in northern Baluchistan, caste stratification in central and southern Baluchistan, and economic and tribal stratification in coastal Baluchistan, which affects the political participation of not only women but all the people of the region.
This means that the political participation of women in the Baluchistan region in terms of qualitative understanding of this participation, has become a collective action by the influential and superior classes in this region.
Based on the contextual method and the central phenomenon obtained, i.e. "retrospection", the social stratification of the Baluchistan region, despite technological, educational developments, etc., is still based on its previous social stratifications, and there has been little change in the social stratifications of Baluchistan region.
On the other hand, such a tendency towards the past in the cultural structure of Baluchistan has caused the lack of meritocracy in political and social competitions; For example, the education and expertise of the candidates and participants does not play a significant role in the political equations of Baluchistan. Based on this,. In fact, we see a back-and-forth relationship between these two concepts, which fulfill each other in a vicious circle.
Although this research was conducted to investigate the political participation of Baluch women, the results of the qualitative research that focused on the hidden and more complex aspects of this participation described a model of participation that gives meaning not only to women, but also to the whole of political participation in Baluchistan society. In this context, women's participation is not based on their gender, but on the basis of belonging to certain classes and in some cases even as a tool at the disposal of that class.
According to the categories of the research, which have progressed towards becoming richer and broader explanations during the analysis of qualitative data, it seems that the social stratification of Baluchistan is based on "tribe" and "caste" in the form of retrospection, and the equations Power and political participation in the Baluchistan region are organized within its framework; As according to the originality of collectivism and the negation of individualism, patriarchy, inner self, etc., women and men of caste and class participate in maintaining the unity of the caste and class and its domination over other castes and classes, and for this purpose, They use their own special tools. Despite the fact that democratic tools such as: elections have existed in this region since the Pahlavi period, but sects and classes used it for sect and class interests, which during the periods of holding elections for the Islamic Council and the City and Village Councils.
Political sciences
Hoda sadat Vaezi; Ali Alihosseini
Abstract
Although in the history of mankind, various experiences of the presence of women in the fields of power and politics in various positions have been recorded, such as; the head of the tribe in matriarchal tribes, the viceroy, the ministry, even in some cases the queen & first person of the empire ...
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Although in the history of mankind, various experiences of the presence of women in the fields of power and politics in various positions have been recorded, such as; the head of the tribe in matriarchal tribes, the viceroy, the ministry, even in some cases the queen & first person of the empire & becoming an admiral and becoming a general (for example in the Sasanian and Achaemenid periods) but until the 19th century and before the growth & expansion of democracy in the world; Most of the women were prevented from participating in various fields, as well as from effective and excellent participation in politics. From the middle of the twentieth century; due to the pervasiveness of the process of globalization & democratic political culture, the majority of people & women were able to participate effectively in politics & enter politics. Especially since the 21st century; the increasing presence of women in politics has been expanding as a pervasive process. According to this point that the arenas of human life include political, economic, social & cultural fields and considering that the most effective component of power is the political arena; it can be said: Politics is the most important field of human life and Politics affects the social, economic & even cultural fields. Because political power has the final role of determining, controlling, managing and making decisions. For this reason; participation in political power & attaining political positions have always been very important for people including women. So it should be noted that the presence of women in political positions (achieving political power) is very important. Women's presence on the political positions is strategic importance for considering women's rights at the time of legislation & policy-making and benefiting from female potential in the field of social political management. Therefore; this descriptive-analytical study by document collection method and analysis of some statistics and analogy; tries to answer this question “Given the global trend of women in political positions, What is the status of women in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran and What are the possibilities & opportunities for Iranian women to participate in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. The results show that Iran is in a bad position in terms of the global sub-index (Sub-index of political empowerment) even compared to many countries in its region. Also, the research results show that in the future, due to the growing efforts of Iranian women for political participation at the level of the power elite) for example; increasing registration & application & candidacy in the elections of the Islamic Council, the elections of the Assembly Experts & the presidential elections(, considering to increase the level of education of Iranian women) to increase the ranking of Iran in the global index of Educational Attainment(and especially with regard to the globalization process & spreading democratic political culture in the age of communication; the demand of Iranian women to play an effective role in political power & attaining political positions will increase a lot. In order to respond to the demand of elite Iranian women to reach political positions, these important facilities should be emphasized: A history of suitable high university education of Iranian women in fields that related to social political management & political positions (political science, public administration, policy making, law, political sociology, etc.), Realization of the minimum political work experience of women to achieve political positions after four decades of the stability of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Accepting the presence of women in the field of political power by the transitioning society of Iran and The hidden potential of the ideal of the Islamic revolution about the opposition to the instrumental view of capitalism on female gender & the claim about paying special attention to the dignity of women in the main discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is necessary to reduced the impact of barriers for Iranian women to access political positions with some solutions, for example: political system support measures to increase the share of women in political positions & improve the international image of the Islamic Republic of Iran, culture-creating (culturalization) to show the political field with the image of female & male presence and increasing women's self-confidence.
Political sciences
Zahra Zamani; Hasan Malaekeh; mansour haghighatian
Abstract
Comprehensive development has required increasing human capital and the maximum participation of different layers of society, especially women, who are about half of the population. To achieve this development model, we must know the process, nature, structure, and performance of the political-social ...
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Comprehensive development has required increasing human capital and the maximum participation of different layers of society, especially women, who are about half of the population. To achieve this development model, we must know the process, nature, structure, and performance of the political-social system and be aware of the conditions and situation of the global communication networks and intelligent management of development programs. Since digital media provides the necessary conditions for the active presence of women in both private and public realms, it is a suitable tool for gaining awareness, provided that people know the skills to use it. These skills are called media literacy which is the ability to understand, evaluate and use media. This study examines the relationship between media literacy and political awareness components of Tehran women. The questionnaire of this research to investigate political awareness includes these indicators: important political events and developments of today, political literature (political terms and concepts), familiarity with national and transnational political groups, organizations, and factions, their rules, principles, and goals, recognition of prominent personalities, opinionated, influential, or having significant political and administrative positions), political patterns (set of principles, concepts, ideologies, and overt or hidden political tendencies in policies and their implementation), and political analyzes. Moreover, to better achieve the objectives and independent variable of this research, the media literacy component, including digital competence, digital usage, and digital transfer, has been considered.The research method was the survey and documentary. The statistical population included all Tehran women over 20 years old. The sample community was selected from the urban community, regardless of women's economic and social status. The number of women in Tehran was 4369551, and the sample size was 384. Questionnaires were distributed by random cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS by the Correlation coefficient, standard regression model, t-test, variance analysis of variables, and demographic statistics (marital, age, education, employment). The websites, web portals, and social networks were samples of digital media in this study. The study of the relationship between media and political awareness in previous research is mainly based on measuring people's practical behaviors and participation. Internal research focuses on studying the dimensions of political awareness based on individual or social characteristics of different layers of society, and research in other countries focuses on the use of political awareness in the field of public services. This research aims to identify the relationship between media literacy and political awareness of Tehrani women to expand women's activities in the public and developmental sphere of the country. The main question is, what effects media literacy skills of Tehrani women have on increasing their political awareness? The results show a significant (direct) relationship between digital media literacy and political awareness of Tehran women, especially in their knowledge and understanding of political concepts, patterns, and political schools of the day. At the same time, increasing women's political awareness can facilitate their political interactions and, if participation continues, provide a platform for the information of numerous new discourses in society. The demographic findings of this research based on the level of education, age, marriage, and employment show that Tehrani women, despite being more present in the community compared to previous years, do not have the development of skills appropriate for communication and information technologies. Furthermore, having media literacy skills regardless of age, employment and marital status of Tehrani women has a positive effect on achieving their political awareness of the duties and functions of agents and officials of the political system.The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between the level of education of women and the acquisition of media literacy skills, so the higher the level of education of people, the greater their familiarity and mastery of media literacy skills. Of course, it should be noted that women’s mental beliefs about the existence of male socio-political structures, legal inequalities, and even providing for the family's livelihood needs and activities in businesses outside the public domain of society, reduce the sufficient opportunity for the necessary motivation for the development of these skills. Considering the direct relationship between media literacy and political awareness, it can be said that women's political awareness has not significantly increased compared to the time and advanced information tools. It appears that spreading education on media literacy as a means of preventing the occurrence of irrational behavior in digital media, and improvements in political-social interactions among women through the education system of the country, are among solutions that should be considered for implementation in Iran.
Political sciences
Amene Mirkhoshkhou; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei
Abstract
Investigating the obstacles and limitations of women's activity in the management at the macro-level of the country is one of the most important components in increasing women's participation in decision-making and policy-making. The main question is "What factors and characteristics cause the current ...
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Investigating the obstacles and limitations of women's activity in the management at the macro-level of the country is one of the most important components in increasing women's participation in decision-making and policy-making. The main question is "What factors and characteristics cause the current exclusion of women in policy making?" In response to this question, several researches investigated the current situation of women's presence in government institutions and the three powers, especially the cabinet (council of ministers) and the Islamic Parliament). But the generality of these studies have not been able to reveal the impact of political trends with regard to the political structure of the country and the complexity of its political and cultural aspects due to focusing too much on identifying the obstacles of "the moment of women's entry" into major political positions. The present study examines the causes and factors affecting the limitations of women's activism after entering and assuming the political management of macro levels, in two political spectrums, reformist and fundamentalist. To clarify the matter, this study used the views and opinions of women who had direct experience of being in political management positions, including Cabinet (the council of ministers) and Islamic Parliament of Iran. The factors and limitations of political-managerial activism were identified and explained by adopting the semi-structured interview method and qualitative data analysis through thematic analysis.The limitations and obstacles of political management, according to the direct experience of political elite women, include a wide range of structural, cultural, political, social, and religious limitations, which refer to Intra-sex, extra-sex, and trans-sex restrictions. As explained in this article, these limitations are: Multiplicity of roles, women's social passivity, not welcoming women's capabilities, lack of education or professional political experience, lack of holistic attitude, psychological weaknesses, formal appointment of women, weakness in culturalization in the family, lack of access to support networks, glass ceiling, high cost of paying to women's issues, the masculinity of the power structure, limited communication with other male colleagues, the influence of ideological and combative dimensions, the connection of women's issues with religion, security and data information, intra-gender conflicts, lack of staffing and finally political factional competitions.The different reception of women in two political spectrums is one of the most important points of difference among the participants in identifying the limitations and facing the obstacles of political activism during tenure. Fundamentalist participants believe that generally the limitations and obstacles to women's political management are an intra-gender issue, and women are fully responsible for it. There is no need to condemn the society or political-cultural structures, what is important is the lack of necessary will, the lack of professional training in politics, the inability to manage the conflict of roles and a set of psychological-functional characteristics in women. Therefore, women themselves should be able to overcome these obstacles and limitations that are sometimes self-imposed limitations.While, according to the reformist participants, identifying the limitations and obstacles of women's activism remains incomplete without emphasizing the role of the cultural and social structures of the society and the hidden patriarchy in it. From this point of view, extra-sex factors and male structures play a stronger role in creating restrictions on women's political management compared to intra-sex issues. As seen, these factors include a wide range of issues, such as masculinity as the basis of valuations, lack of an informal power network, glass ceiling, refusal to accept positions, severe withholding of information and imbalance in women's issues.According to the results of the qualitative analysis extracted from the semi-structured interview data of 6 women politicians at the macro levels of political management, despite the difference in political attitudes, it is possible to find commonalities between women politicians on both sides of reformism and fundamentalism. The most important thing in common, from the point of view of the participants of the two political spectrums, is the small number of women in the major positions of political management, who seem to have mostly a symbolic presence. It often happens that the main stream of politics is interested in these women with the aim of their theatrical or instrumental presence. At this level of political management, the minimal presence of women can be a tool for political spectrums to advance political goals. Also, the symbolic presence of women at macro levels may end up in a way that ultimately prevents the realization of women's requests and demands. Perhaps it is a form of removing the responsibility from men of the political spectrum so that they don't spend time and money to respond to women's demands, and consider these demands mainly as demands within the women's group or gender demands specific to women, and not as demands arising from the society that They need planning, decision-making and policy making. In such a situation, the lack of familiarity of female managers with the obstacles and limitations in macro-political management reduces the possibility of conscious action and independent action from the political values of the two ruling factions. Therefore, intensifying the political differences of women, the political elite spends time and energy on political goals, which will not bring useful results for correct identification, reforming the relevant affairs, follow-up and resolution of women's issues.
Political sciences
yahya kamali; kiana kamyabi
Abstract
This research aims to identify and rank the political and legal challenges of women taking political positions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage , which attempts to identify the challenges, that ...
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This research aims to identify and rank the political and legal challenges of women taking political positions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method consists of two qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage , which attempts to identify the challenges, that has been done by thematic analysis method. At this stage, the data sampling method was purposive sampling. The quantitative method using the AHP, at this stage, the data collection tool, a Pairwise comparison questionnaire including 32 challenges to rank the challenges were provided to experts in this field. Findings show that the challenges of women taking political positions include two types of challenges: political and legal ones. Political challenges themselves are divided into two sub-themes, governmental and non-governmental. The ranking of challenges is as follows: political challenges with a weight of 0.694 have gained the first rank and legal challenges with a weight of 0.306 have gained the second rank. Among the sub-criteria of political challenge, governmental challenges with a weight of 0.713 have the first rank and non-governmental challenges with a weight of 0.287 have the second rank. Among the 32 challenges, male dominance in politics (patriarchy) with a weight of 0.07719 has won the first place. After that, the patriarchal administrative culture with a weight of 0.05542 ranked second and the lack of legal protection for women with a weight of 0.05263 ranked third. Findings show that macro-challenges related to political structure are more important than individual challenges and micro level. These results are consistent with some other researches .
Political sciences
Marzieh Samaei Sahnesaraei; Rahim Khastu; Saeed Moghimi
Abstract
Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political ...
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Women, as half of the citizens of the society, can play an efficient and fundamental role in sustainable development if equal rights of men and women are recognized and implemented in the society. Civil institutions and organizations such as parties and NGOs have an effective role in the political development and the distribution of power system, and they lead to reform the political and social structure of the country by preventing the monopoly of power of a particular group or stratum, and if used correctly and rationally, they will lead to the more participation of women. In this study, the problems of women activists in the two decades of 1370s and 1380s and the extent of their participation and the manner of their agency in parties and NGOs have been discussed, and the following basic questions were answered: what are the reasons for more participation of women in NGOs than political parties during the 1370s and 1380s and what factors have caused political parties in the field of women's activities that they have not not achieved their desired functions. Qualitative and descriptive methods have been used to find the answers to the questions. The results of documentary studies, coding, and categorization of interview data through MAXQDA software and the use of content analysis method and data-oriented theory showed that although political parties after the 70s and 80s claimed to expand the role of women in political and social fields, this important goal has rarely been achieved at the highest levels due to the nature of political parties in Iran, and NGOs have, to a large extent, been in a much better position in presenting, expanding, and playing the participatory role of women.
Political sciences
Mahmoudreza Rahbarqazi; Amin Kooshki
Abstract
In the new age, the canon of people’s attention to politics have been moving from public domains to private ones, from collective belongingness to personal one, and from homogenizing ideologies to personal identities. In addition, new policies offer a new method of participation which contradicts ...
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In the new age, the canon of people’s attention to politics have been moving from public domains to private ones, from collective belongingness to personal one, and from homogenizing ideologies to personal identities. In addition, new policies offer a new method of participation which contradicts the existing communication channels via questioning legitimacy of the existing structures. Thus, one of the methods of new policies is political consumerism. Political consumers are individuals who select their required goods and services based on their societies’ political and moral considerations and not the nature of the goods themselves. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between gender and political consumerism of citizens of Sabzevar. The data collection and analysis method is survey research. This study was conducted on 416 male and female citizens of Sabzevar City. To collect data, a questionnaire was employed. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated formally and its reliability was assessed via the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Considering three aspects of political consumerism, behaviors, motivations, and habits, it was observed that there is significant differences in the degree of political consumerism of male and female respondents. In addition, women have more tendency to use political consumerism for influencing public decisions in the society.
Political sciences
Mahmoudreza Rahbarghazi; Leyla Radi; Ayoub Limoochi
Abstract
Classic political sociology dogmatically considers women, from a political perspective, more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. But new research indicates that in ...
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Classic political sociology dogmatically considers women, from a political perspective, more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. But new research indicates that in developed countries during 1980’s, women gradually distanced from traditional conservatism and joined democratic groups. In addition, Inglehart’s studies indicate that since 1990’s, not only have conservatism and right-wing tendencies faded in women, but also they support plans and objectives of new left-wing parties which are mostly based on cultural values of post-materialism more than ever. As a results, it seems that the effect of gender gaps has been reconfigured mostly in three models of traditional gap, convergence, and revisionism. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the comparison between men’s and women’s political attitudes among 596 students of University of Isfahan in 2016. Accordingly, analyzing the results of the research indicated that firstly, there is no significant difference among men and women in terms of the degree of their tendencies towards democracy and each group supports democratic attitudes to the same extent. Therefore, the claim of hypotheses of classic models about women’s tendencies towards conservatism is rejected in political domains. Secondly, findings also indicated that the degree of tendency towards post-materialist values which construct foundations of New Leftist parties according to Inglehart, is significantly higher among women than men. This issue indicates tha not only have women distanced from rightist attitudes in political domains, but also they have more tendency towards leftist plans based on revisionist models.
Political sciences
Mahhmoodreza Rahbarghazi; Hossein Masoudnia; zahra Sadeghi Naghdali
Abstract
Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s ...
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Investigations and studies in 1960’s and 1970’s indicate that in some political, cultural, and economic issues, as well as party identity, men think differently from women so that women have relatively strong conservative tendencies. But new findings indicate that since 1980’s women’s degree of conservatism has degreased. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the existence or inexistence of such differences among groups of women and men in the studied population. To do so, the research population includes all students of universities of in Isfahan City. From among them, 914 participants were selected using the cluster sampling method. The results of this research indicate that women in cultural and political domains are more conservative than men. But in economic issues, men supported free markets and privatizing the economy more than women. This issue indicates that women have less economic conservative tendencies than men. In addition, investigating findings more closely show that the effect size between the gender variable and conservative components are moderate only in terms of cultural conservatism, and in the rest of hypotheses, the effect size was small. Therefore, it can be concluded that except for cultural domains in which there are relatively profound gaps among men and women, in other domains of the society, these gender gaps have been relatively degreasing and fading.
Political sciences
Mahhmoodreza Rahbarghazi; Seyedjavad Emamjomehzadeh; Ali Arefian Jazi
Abstract
Humans, since their creation, have experienced different political systems. In addition, it seems that the training in families is the key to open the future; therefore, it is expected that the family system of each human society nurtures and trains future humans and prepares the present generation for ...
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Humans, since their creation, have experienced different political systems. In addition, it seems that the training in families is the key to open the future; therefore, it is expected that the family system of each human society nurtures and trains future humans and prepares the present generation for the future. The task of families is to empower all members of a society to develop their hidden potentials and provide grounds for realizing them in humans and also to empower the society in identifying its creativities and potentials. Accordingly, deep political advancement and development in societies for attaining determined aims far from radicalism, particularly in the domains of societies and politics, will not be possible without paying attention to the family structure and training methods dominant over this structure. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of different upbringing methods in families from democratic perspectives among male and female citizens of the City of Isfahan in 2015. By dividing upbringing methods into three types of authoritative, tyrannical, and easygoing , the results indicate that authoritative methods with the coefficient of 49.0 causes the increase in the democratic perspectives, but tyrannical methods with an coefficient of -18.0 causes a decrease in democratic perspectives among citizens. In addition, other findings indicate that although the results of the research among men are consistent with the general results of the research, tyrannical methods have no significant correlation with democratic perspectives among the studied women.
Political sciences
Mohammad Ali Tavana; Farzad Azarkamand
Abstract
In the contemporary political philosophy was presented the various resolutions for release of female from repression and inequality. For example, the feminists of the post-structuralisms Foucault speak about the permanent refusal of female in opposition. The feminists of the post-modernists Baudrillard ...
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In the contemporary political philosophy was presented the various resolutions for release of female from repression and inequality. For example, the feminists of the post-structuralisms Foucault speak about the permanent refusal of female in opposition. The feminists of the post-modernists Baudrillard defend from the acute of male matter for depletion of the central cause. The feminists of post-colonialists such as Spivak support from Deconsturction of Logoscenterism that is govern on mail discourse. The feminist of contemporarys libral such as Suzan Okin also defend based on the principle of its fundamental of the female’s rights. The Jolia Kristeva thinker moving in the border between modernism and postmodernism, presented the particularly solution for female subjectivity which consists of formative suggestions for our society in modern era. According to this article, two main questions were discussed: 1. What is the resolution of Kristeva for releasing the female subject from the repression and inequality? 2. What is the practical and theoretical results for our society in modern era? It is supposed that the idea of feminine genius can be a good solution for suppression and removing the female subject in public sphere. Since, the idea open a way entrance of Semiotic matter of female to symbolic matter of male. It means that genius caused that the subject of female talker can participate in the logical social political of male actively and disorder that from heart. One of the possible resolutions for battle to in inequality is the activity participation of women in cultural weave of society. The social-political participation of Iranian women is not ignoring the family and maternal role and women values. The women identity could perform balance in Iranian society. In this research grounded hermeneutics method and framework of inner logic were used.
Political sciences
Omolbanin Chaboki
Abstract
Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the ...
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Study about political attitude and gender differences seems necessary, because of essential role of the political attitude in political behavior, and importance of gender differences for researchers in the field of women's studies. Considering to this scientific necessity, this study investigates the role of university reference groups in college students' political attitudes according to gender differences. This descriptive- analytic study was carried out using survey method. The statistical society is comprised of all the undergraduate, master's and PhD students at University of Tehran. 400 students (226 boys and 174 girls) were selected through availability sampling. Students have responded to a researcher- made questionnaire. The main hypothesis of this study is: there exists gender differences in relationship between the level of interaction with the reference group (including college professors, student organizations and the university students) and students’ political attitudes (in three dimensions: cognitive, affective and action). For data analysis, SPSS was used. The results showed that there are gender differences in all three dimensions of political attitudes. The findings also suggest that university friends and then college professors have the most important role in changing political attitudes of the students.
Political sciences
Mohammadrahim Eivazi; Zohreh Hemmati
Abstract
By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political ...
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By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political participation. In this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barriers of Woman's political participation are searched. In Islamic republic of Iran empathizing Islamic parliament is based on the opportunity's structures. The review of 32 years after the Islamic revolution findings suggest that in tree opportunity's structures, political- legal and individual- personality and socio- economic for Iranians woman are not concern serious legal barriers because of some individual- personality factors. Also, sociopolitical couldn't have widespread assist in parliamentary election and achieving seats in Islamic parliament.
Political sciences
Hosseion Masudnia; Mina Nazari; Nejat Mohammadifar
Abstract
Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political ...
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Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political participation and presence especially in Legislature Branch increase dramatically as well. This study is to evaluate women participation and presence in Legislature Branch before and after Islamic Revolution through comparative-analytic approach by stressing the importance of political participation of women in the development of the country.Findings of this article indicate thatwomen political participation has undergone striking fluctuation from Pahlavi period to Islamic Revolution. Although women have fulfilled scientific and socio-political accomplishments hence there is a long way to go in order to utilize their abilities in the management structure of the country pertinently. It seems that their participation in this level demands motivation and eliminating existing obstacles.
