Management
Maryam Nakhoda; Samane Rahimian; Mohammadreza Esmaieli Givi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain the factors affecting female’s psychological empowerment in the information and knowledge services. This paper is based on applied research and mixed method including descriptive and survey. First by using qualitative approach, for expanding ...
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The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain the factors affecting female’s psychological empowerment in the information and knowledge services. This paper is based on applied research and mixed method including descriptive and survey. First by using qualitative approach, for expanding and explaining effective factors of pycholigical empowerment of women librarians and informationist, nine interviews with female managers were done. Results showed that eight factors were effeted on psychological empowerment. Professional knowledge, modeling and motivation were added to the conceptual model. Finally, assimilation of qualitive results and sprietzer’s model made conceptual model. In the quantitative approach, the population of study was 137 female employees of Tehran’s public libraries as an information and knowledge centers. The researchers designed the questionnaire including factors for data collection. Cronbach‘s alpha for this questionnaire was 90%. PLS software and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the most effective factor on the female’s psychological empowerment in the information and knowledge services were individual factors including motivation, modeling, knowledge/job skills and self-esteem. Then organizational factors including importance of the team trust among team, perceived team effectiveness, participative decision-making and finally group factors such as role resolution, span of control, access to information, participative climate, access to resources and organizational support were effective on female employees’ psychological empowerment in information and knowledge services.
Women's Studies
Bijan Khajehnoori; Maryam Karimi; Saeed Keshavarzi
Abstract
Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In ...
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Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In addition, women empowerment and its dimensions (access and control of resources, participation, gender awareness, mobility and security) were investigated. Also these independent variables: marital Status, respondents and their families’ Income, social class, Education level of respondents and their spouses, Head of household status, employment status, occupation, age, technology divide, information access divide, information literacy divide were investigated. By virtue of multistage random sampling, 600 ones were selected based on leen formula. Required Datas were collected from Shiraz women aged 15-54 by means of questionnaires based on survey method. The study findings indicated variables: social status, respondent and husband education, technology divide, and information literacy divide and information access had a significant relation with the women empowerment; while marital status had no significant relationship with women empowerment. Multiple regression showed that 27 percent of the variance of women empowerment variable was explained through the independent variables (information literacy divide, respondents under Graduate Diploma).
Women's Studies
Firozeh Asghari; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing ...
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Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing countries, which are similar from different aspects. The method used in this research is comparative. The result of this study shows that despite the efforts of both countries to improve the women`s status in many key areas such as education, health, employment, according the reports of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Economic Forum, especially in Gender Inequality Index and Gender Gap Index, Malaysia is ranked higher than Iran. Why and how a country like Malaysia has a higher score than Iran, it is a question that at the end of this paper was answered.
Women's Studies
Mohammadrahim Eivazi; Zohreh Hemmati
Abstract
By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political ...
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By political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. Woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. Parliament provides suitable ground in order to Woman's political participation. In this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barriers of Woman's political participation are searched. In Islamic republic of Iran empathizing Islamic parliament is based on the opportunity's structures. The review of 32 years after the Islamic revolution findings suggest that in tree opportunity's structures, political- legal and individual- personality and socio- economic for Iranians woman are not concern serious legal barriers because of some individual- personality factors. Also, sociopolitical couldn't have widespread assist in parliamentary election and achieving seats in Islamic parliament.
Women's Studies
Mehdi Nooripor; Zahra Tavakolitabar; Shahab Mirzaei
Abstract
Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation ...
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Cooperatives can be considered as suitable means to achieve social and economic development, employment and participation. Undoubtedly, rural women's membership in cooperatives can be really useful in the process of rural development. Social capital is one of the key determinants of women's participation in different social activities. Social capital may act directly through physical investment or indirectly through reducing transactions costs, satisfying people and making social action. Both of these functions can move rural societies towards development. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate social capital components determinant for women membership in production cooperatives of Choram County. A descriptive- correlational research method was used in this study. Research sample include all of women members of rural cooperatives of Choram County and the same number of Non- members. Research tool was a predesigned questionnaire that it's validity was verified using face validity procedure and it's reliability way also verified using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient obtained from a pilot study (from 0.65 to 0.89). The results showed that the mean score of social capital was significantly more in members in comparison to non- members. Also, the result of logistic regression showed that five components i.e. interaction, trust, cooperation, solidarity and participation were significant determinants of women's membership in production cooperatives of study area respectively.
Women's Studies
Amir Rastegar Khaled; Mehdi Kaveh
Abstract
Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental ...
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Physical attractiveness has set new standards, so that the management body in general and cosmetic surgery in particular become increasingly important; such as a range of different behaviors, health, body building, diet, and different types of surgery include. This study examined the meanings of mental patients for cosmetic surgery in Tehran. Participants in this study comprised 26 female patients. The grounded theory is a qualitative research approach and data collection techniques are made use of in-depth interviews. The data suggest a model paradigm made to promote itself as causal conditions, context and enhance the socialization process as involving mental space as conditions are influenced. Participants included in the above circumstances, the decision to reflective strategy, which thus arises as a result of its social acceptance.
Women's Studies
Mohammad Taghi Iman; maryam soroush
Abstract
Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate ...
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Various forms of capital provide sources in social structure that facilitate social action. The aim of this study was to compare available capitals in different generations of women. Questionnaire was completed by 386 women and their mothers (a total of 772 questionnaires). The results indicate that cultural capital of the present generation has increased compared to past generation. Social capital has lowered and economic capital has not changed. The results indicate that structural variables have a significant relationship with all types of capital. Controlling these variables we conclude that cultural capital is increased between generations, social capital has not changed with the reference of generation and economic capital well distributed along class and generational dynamics have not significant relationship. Results are discussed in relation with theory and previous researches.
Women's Studies
Aliyar Ahmadi; Fatemeh Rosta
Abstract
Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive ...
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Health promoting lifestyle is a valuable source for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems and improving the quality of life. The purpose of this study is investigating the health-oriented lifestyle of women of reproductive ages. The statistical population of study is women of reproductive age living in Shiraz city. A sample of 392 person was selected thorough multiple stage cluster sampling. The study is based on Pender's health promotion model, although with some revisions. The result of Cronbach’s Alpha for the test of reliability for the lifestyle index is 0.87. The findings reveals that there is a significant relationship between the education of women, the study in areas of health, the use of communication media, social identity, social support, self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, and awareness of health behavior with the dependent variable; health oriented life style. The study indicates that age of respondents, the marital status, employment status, household income and experience of some particular diseases do not have any significant relationship with the dependent variable. The results of regression models shows that four variables including self-efficacy of health, self-reported general health, the study in areas of health, and awareness of health behavior explain 51 percent of changes in variance of health oriented lifestyle. Among them, self-efficacy of health is the most influential one.
Political sciences
Hosseion Masudnia; Mina Nazari; Nejat Mohammadifar
Abstract
Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political ...
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Changes in the rate of women socio-political participation and presence are among the changes and developments occurred in socio-political sphere in Iran in the recent decades. It is expected that as women capabilities and education rate and international interactions increase, their socio-political participation and presence especially in Legislature Branch increase dramatically as well. This study is to evaluate women participation and presence in Legislature Branch before and after Islamic Revolution through comparative-analytic approach by stressing the importance of political participation of women in the development of the country.Findings of this article indicate thatwomen political participation has undergone striking fluctuation from Pahlavi period to Islamic Revolution. Although women have fulfilled scientific and socio-political accomplishments hence there is a long way to go in order to utilize their abilities in the management structure of the country pertinently. It seems that their participation in this level demands motivation and eliminating existing obstacles.
Women's Studies
Fahimeh Farahmand Pour; elham bahranifard
Abstract
Besides textbooks teach students, prepare them to accept their roles in accordance with their gender characteristics, as it is considered by the authors. This study is intended to represent how women’s social – political roles in both elementary and middle high school textbooks, academic ...
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Besides textbooks teach students, prepare them to accept their roles in accordance with their gender characteristics, as it is considered by the authors. This study is intended to represent how women’s social – political roles in both elementary and middle high school textbooks, academic year deal 1391-92. Research method is quantitative content analysis based on gender in education between images and text. The results indicate the defining social roles for women new look requires a lot of activities , such as care for the environment, charitable activities and public works, aid workers, and the presence of important social practice such as enjoining good and forbid the evil taking place in the new definition. Also, the categories and content analysis, descriptive and normative statements indicate that further descriptive statements and images in textbooks. But describing the role of women in social and political issues in most cases is not consistent with reality.
Women's Studies
Bijan Khajenoori; Leila Parnian
Abstract
This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research ...
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This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research tool was questionnaire. The sampling method used in the survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size estimated according to Lin Table was 600. The results show a significant relationship between the modernism, reflection, sex role attitude, foreign mass media and globalization consciousness (R2=28.8) with social acceptance of the body (total).
Sociology
Ahmad Pourahmad; Yousef Ashrafi; Tala Rashidy
Abstract
In recent decades, changes can be observed around the presence of women in urban public spaces. This paper investigates on the presence of women in these spaces in terms of selectivity or necessity. Method of research is survey and questionnaire is used to collect data. The statistical sample includes ...
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In recent decades, changes can be observed around the presence of women in urban public spaces. This paper investigates on the presence of women in these spaces in terms of selectivity or necessity. Method of research is survey and questionnaire is used to collect data. The statistical sample includes 128 male and 133 female residents of the city of Tabriz that are studied with random sampling. According to the research findings, freedom and independence of women for attending in public spaces is less than those of men. Family restrictions, female specific tasks and lack of performing suitable activities for women in public spaces such as park are the most important limiting factors for the presence of women in public spaces. The presence of women in this sphere has been intensively increased. With regard to the extensive presence of women in academic, educational and working centers, part of this increase is inevitable. Another reason is related to the reduction of men and households' resistance against women for their presence in public spheres. In other words, social attitudes (including both groups of women and men) have been transformed toward urban public spaces and participation of women in these spaces.
Psychology
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Ahmad Qolami
Abstract
Eating, as a way for Body Management reproduces a social function and meaning beyond itsbiological performances. Thus, it’s meaning has been transformed from a bodily need to afundamental element in expression and narrativeness of social identity and social positions.The main question of this paper ...
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Eating, as a way for Body Management reproduces a social function and meaning beyond itsbiological performances. Thus, it’s meaning has been transformed from a bodily need to afundamental element in expression and narrativeness of social identity and social positions.The main question of this paper targets the ways women reconstruct and reinterpret theirsocial positions through food and eating. Field operation of the research is conductedaccording to the ethnographic method. Data of research gathered through Semi-structuredinterview technique and the data analyzed by grounded theory. The findings, based oninterviewing with 30 women informants, demonstrated fundamental changes in their lifeworldand subjective orientation to food and eating. According to their perspective, food andeating is interpreted as obviating starvation, simplicity, operational, aesthetics and Stylizationsignificances among women.
Sociology
Maryam Soroush; Shole Bahrani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using ...
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The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: What is the ideal number of childrenfor married women and what is its relationship to their religiosity and gender role attitudes.To answer this question, the literature reviewed, and questionnaire among 400 marriedwomen in Shiraz distributed using stratified random sampling. Findings showed that alsoreligiosity has a significant relationship to actual number of children but there is aconsiderable agreement about ideal number of them can be seen regardless of religiosity.Attitudes towards gender roles have a significant relationship with the ideal number ofchildren which remains significant after control of other variables. Finding suggests thatwomen plan number of their children regarding the role of a good woman in their mind. Theresults show that the rate of population growth has strong cultural roots and is a consequenceof changing values to more individualistic nature and gender role attitudes. Women now aremore care about quality of family life and upbringing better children and it is more importantthan the number of children.
Management
Aliyeh Kazemi; Afsaneh Dehghanpour
Abstract
In recent years, women’s presence has increased in society and in work spaces. Nevertheless,the rate of their promotion to high ranking managerial positions does not correspond to theireducational developments in most of countries, especially in Iran due to some barriers whichare different in different ...
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In recent years, women’s presence has increased in society and in work spaces. Nevertheless,the rate of their promotion to high ranking managerial positions does not correspond to theireducational developments in most of countries, especially in Iran due to some barriers whichare different in different societies and companies and at different times. The aim of thissurvey is to identify and prioritize the barriers keeping women away from managerialpositions (in oil industry). In this research the barriers of women’s presence in managerialpositions identified using a qualitative method and interview with 47 experts and mangers ofoil industry in Tehran. Then the barriers prioritized from the viewpoint of women and menusing Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results show men consider the individual barriers moreimportant and have a negative attitude towards women's capabilities and capacities, whilewomen consider the individual barriers less important.
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi; Zohreh Khajehsalehi
Abstract
Like many developed and developing societies, Iran has experienced sharp fertility declineand reached below- replacement level fertility. As women have a major role in childbearing,their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior, and manystudies have focused on various ...
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Like many developed and developing societies, Iran has experienced sharp fertility declineand reached below- replacement level fertility. As women have a major role in childbearing,their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior, and manystudies have focused on various aspects of women's autonomy and fertility. This paperexamines the relationship between women’s autonomy and fertility behavior in theSirjan city.The data is drawn from the 2011 survey that collected information from around 400 womenof reproductive ages (15-49) in the Sirjan city in southeastern part of Iran. The results showedthat the relationship between women’s autonomy and fertility is insignificant when othersocial and economicindicators (i.e. social participation, education and employment) arecontrolled. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that among all differentvariables, social participation of women and their education level are the strong determinantsof dependent variable; as childbearing intention reduces with the rise in these two variables.Women’s age and children ever born are the other two important variables affectingchildbearing intentions. Given the results of this study, population policies in Iran in order tofacilitate childbearing for couples should provide opportunities in which women could be ableto continue their education, have their social participation as well as promoting childbearing.
Hatam Hosseini; Maryam Geravand
Abstract
With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting ...
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With the arrivalof modernityin Iranthe society normshave changedandtraditional patterns,especially family pattern, has been under various changes simultaneously. For instance,theaverage age of marriagefor girlshas increased over the past decades. This paper aims todetermine and analyze factors affecting the gap in women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage for girlsin the city of Koohdasht. Residents of this regionethnically and culturally belong to Lor and Lak ethnic groups. Lack of any knowledgeonmarriage patterns ofwomen of these ethnic groups would necessitate this study. Data istakenfrom a survey conducted on a sample of 395 once-married women living in ordinaryhouseholds atthe city of Koohdasht in April 2013. A combination of sampling techniquesincluding multistage clustering and systematic random sampling were employed. Resultsindicated gaps in women’s behavior and their attitude on the appropriate age ofmarriage. The63 percent of participants proposed a mean age of marriage for girls completely different tothe age of their own marriage. The gaps are mostly in a negative direction. More than 80percent of women took part in the test proposed a higher age for girls’ marriage compared totheir own age of marriage. According to this study, socio-economic status of women,postmaterialist attitudes to marriage, women’s autonomy and age at the time of the studyhadthe most impact on the rate of the gap between women’s behavior and attitudes ontheappropriate age ofmarriage. The results also reflected the fact that the combination ofsocio-economic, demographic characteristics and ethnic-cultural factors could provide a betterexplanation forthe gap in women’s behavior and attitude on theage of marriage.
Omid Qaderzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 35-65
Abstract
One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to ...
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One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to study empirically the theory of the relationship between the amount of economic capital as well as of social and cultural enjoyment and the sense of belonging, commitment and loyalty of women towards tribal and national identities. In order to study the above mentioned relationship I have used a sample group of 375 women aged 18 to 45 living in Sanandaj. The method used was survey and the data were collected by using a questionnaire which had already been checked for reliability and validity.
The Research results indicate that a positive and negative correlation between cultural and social capital and the salience of the national and ethnic identities are respectively a positive correlation between economical capital and the various types of collective identities. Yet, the highest degree of correlation is with national identity. Also, the correlation between the various types of collective identity and the objectified and embodied dimensions of cultural capital is to some extent different from that with the institutionalized dimension. Among aspects of social capital, civic and institutional relations carries influential and strengthening effect on national identity and in sum explain 59 and 37 percent of variations of the national and ethnic identity among the women under study.
Maryam Mokhtari; Halimeh enayat
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 67-87
Abstract
The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience ...
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The present study tries to find out the role and procedure of gender attitudes in genesis of women’s body image among women under cosmetic surgery in Shiraz. Research method in this investigation has been qualitative through grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling 24 women who had the experience of cosmetic surgery during the year 2008 in Shiraz were selected for an in depth interview. To achieve the grounded theory during coding analysis, 36 concepts, 9sub categories, 3 essential categories and 1 core category named: “Women’s own body image overshadowed by implicit, preponderant, appearance oriented views of men towards women in different ways” were extracted. The results show that women’s body image is formed through their gender attitude towards themselves, men towards women and women towards men. However the attitude of women toward themselves is inspired by the attitude of men toward looks and appearance of women.
Advancements in science of beauty surgeries has had the role of facilitator in paying more attention to the body and looks and has assisted men with their appearance based view towards women.
Ariyan Gholipour; Somayeh Labafi; Mahdiyeh Jalalpour
Abstract
Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in ...
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Networking and entering into official and unofficial networks is the main way for individuals to get promoted in organizations. So entering into academic networks at universities has become a challenge for people who would like to promote their academic position. In Iran despite a notable increase in the women’s presence in universities, their entrance into academic networks and promoting their position as an academic member has remained to be a problem. Applying a qualitative method and the Ground Theory, the present research tries to study the challenges ahead of women to enter male academic networks at universities. 18 professors have been selected through purposive sampling and snow ball method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Strauss & Corbin’s constant comparative method. The research findings suggest that the most important obstacles to women’s entry to male academic network of universities are legal, cultural and family problems among others.
Vahid Ghasemi; fatemeh omraniyan
Abstract
Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory ...
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Since social awareness of laws can help restore people’s rights and develop their personality and the mass media play a key role in socialization and apprising people of their own rights, the present study aims to assess the awareness of women of their rights in their families and to examine the theory of awareness gap. The study was conducted by three methods: Documentary, survey, and qualitative. Statistical society included all female students at the University of Isfahan and the statistical sample size was 384 students who were selected by quota and assessed by questionnaires. The data were analyzed through SPSS and the results indicate that there is no significant relationship between students’ use of written media and their legal awareness. Therefore the theory of awareness gap based on the reason that ‘people who have higher social-economic position are more aware of their rights because they use written media more than those who have lower social-economic position’ was rejected. In general girl students’ awareness of their legal rights in the family was not considerable.
Mohammad ali Tavana
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 27-42
Abstract
Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: ...
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Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: equality and difference. Iris Marion Young is one of the theorists of the third wave of feminism who presented the theory of Differentiated Citizenship. Through Consultative Democracy theory of Habermas and Foucault’s theory of Marginalized and Oppressed Groups she tried to plan a type of communicative-participatory democracy in order for women and other oppressed and deprived groups to fully and equally participate with others while maintaining their differences in public areas. On this very basis, the present research analyses Young’s Theory of Differentiated Citizenship to show the extent of success of the theory in offering an alternative solution to the issues of women and deprived social groups.
Mehri Bahar; Ali haji mohammadi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 43-72
Abstract
Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to ...
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Portraying women in the media is one of the main social and cultural issues especially on television. Television commercials as a genre have ideas about goods and services, but it constructs a secondary discourse about society, culture and gender roles along the way. The main goal of this paper is to examine women’s readings of gender roles representation in Iranian television commercials from the cultural studies perspective. To achieve this objective, focus group interviews were used to study women readings and then their readings was analyzed. The results showed that television commercials are heedless of socio-cultural developments and the gender roles changes in different aspects in the society, but it represents dominant ideology in media and minimal status group of woman in Iranian society.
Currently, different groups of women are engaged in different discourses and they will gradually engage in other discourses. If this trend continues by different groups of women and the misrepresentation or exclusion of women doesn’t stop in the media, the audiences with different readings will become the most rethinking groups.
Ghorbanali Ebrahimi; roghayeh moslemi petroodi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 73-91
Abstract
The way people spend their leisure is a reflection of social, economic, and cultural capital in any given society. The present research studies the influence of cultural capital on leisure using survey method. Instrument used to collect data has been: questionnaire. The statistical population constitutes ...
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The way people spend their leisure is a reflection of social, economic, and cultural capital in any given society. The present research studies the influence of cultural capital on leisure using survey method. Instrument used to collect data has been: questionnaire. The statistical population constitutes all women living in the city of Juybar aged 15-64. Based on the results of the latest census of Statistical Center of Iran, 1385, total women’s population in Juybar was 25325. Using multistage cluster sampling, a sample size of 378 was chosen based on the formula of Cochran. The results show that the average women’s participation in active leisure (1.91 out of 4) is more than women’s participation in passive leisure (1.3 out of 4). Women's participation in leisure activities in this study’s population is lower than average. Multivariate linear regression results show that out of the three dimensions of cultural capital, two dimensions (objective structured and institutionalized cultural capital) have a significant effect on leisure.
Mahdi Taleb; Ahmad Firouz Abadi; Sedigheh Piri
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 135-153
Abstract
Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research ...
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Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research aims to study the social and cultural causes of women’s poverty through the qualitative approach based on Grounded theory. In this research, sampling has been done purposively. Participants who were interviewed as a group in this research included housewives, women householders and young girls under the aegis of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questions of this research were: what have been the determinants of poverty from the view of rural girls and women? What have been their individual strategies to tackle the problem of poverty? What have been the aftermaths? The Findings of this study showed that social ignorance, clan clashes, preference to men in the family, fatalism, intergenerational poverty, highly populated families, educational limitations, unemployment and imposed war and its aftermath have been the reasons of poverty from the view points of participants. The result showed that cultural and social factors are important causes of poverty.
