sedigheh Sheikhzadeh Jooshani; yahya kamali; kiana kamyabi
Abstract
Qualitative Aanalysis of the Argumentative Structure of Proponents and Opponents of Women's Representation Right in the Presidential Election in Iran Abstract The issue of women's right to represent in the Iranian presidential election has been a part of political discourses and scientific researches ...
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Qualitative Aanalysis of the Argumentative Structure of Proponents and Opponents of Women's Representation Right in the Presidential Election in Iran Abstract The issue of women's right to represent in the Iranian presidential election has been a part of political discourses and scientific researches in the field of women political participation in recent years. So far as it has become a debatable claim. This paper focuses on the statements of 26 people, including "legislators, election observers, jurists, women with management and political representation backgrounds, and female candidates in the presidential election in the period of 1980 – 2019 and, given their claims are as argumentative acts. By using Toulmin's Argument Model, the paper has attempted to show how the proponents and opponents of women's representation right in the presidential election in Iran have shaped their argumentative structure. Findings from the qualitative content analysis of 50 argumentative texts indicate that all of the arguers have used structures the main components in their argumentative, including: claim, data and warrant from the Toulminian Model. But only in the two texts has been used the six components of Toulminian Model. So, they are not perfect arguments. The researchers conclude that the presence of field-dependent warrants in the argumentative structure of the proponents implies that they are trying to challenge the claims of the opponents’ claims and, thereby they increase the legitimacy of their arguments. Keywords: Argument, Speech Act of Argumentation, Argumentative Structure, Toulmin Model of Argumentation, Women's Representation, Presidential Elections, Iran.
Women's Studies
Maryam Mokhtari; Abdolah Fazeli
Abstract
Today gender segregation in the workplace is increasingly sensitive. Thus analysis of the reasons behind such phenomenon is of fundamental importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the Occupational Gender Segregation among Ahwaz Public Libraries Foundation employees with emphasis on the role ...
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Today gender segregation in the workplace is increasingly sensitive. Thus analysis of the reasons behind such phenomenon is of fundamental importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the Occupational Gender Segregation among Ahwaz Public Libraries Foundation employees with emphasis on the role of work values. The method of this research is survey and data were collected by questionnaire in 1393. Population consists of 72 employees of Ahwaz Public Libraries Foundation. This research has been conducted using consensus method. Results showed a significant difference of four dimensions of work values, namely, work/life-balance values, social work values, intrinsic work values and extrinsic work values between men and women. In other words, women have higher work/life-balance values and social work values whereas men have higher intrinsic and extrinsic work values.
Psychology
Jaber Eftekhari; hojjat eftekhari; fahime moslemi; wahab samavi
Abstract
Today, one of the important axes of community health assessment, which plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of society, is Social Wellbeing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the book Family Management and Lifestyle of Twelfth Grade Girls in Secondary School ...
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Today, one of the important axes of community health assessment, which plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of society, is Social Wellbeing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the book Family Management and Lifestyle of Twelfth Grade Girls in Secondary School based on the components of Social Wellbeing from Keys' point of view. The method of this descriptive research is content analysis, and the information society includes a volume of high school textbook in the academic year 2020-2021, and the research tool is the content analysis form according to the components of Social Wellbeing from Keys' point of view. In this way, after identifying the unit of analysis and the desired components as the criteria for analysis, the book has been analyzed using the technique of William Romy. Considering the involvement coefficients (ISE = 0.8) obtained from the content of the book, it can be said that the level of attention of family management book and lifestyle of 12th grade girls in the second year of high school to the components of Social Wellbeing is lower than average (an involvement coefficient below 1), and are semi-active, requiring major revision and editing. In addition, chi-square test has been used to determine the distribution of components in the content of the book. The results of Chi-square test (Sig: 0.147, Chi-Square: 6.790a) show that the book's attention to the components of Social Wellbeing is significantly balanced. Also in the mentioned book, the component of participation with 11.3% has had the highest frequency and the component of cohesion with 7.43% have had the lowest frequency in the components of Social Wellbeing.
Sociology
Nafiseh Faghihi Moghadas; Fahimeh Momenirad; Saeed Sharifi
Abstract
Maturity is one of the most important stages of human development, and its developmental characteristics can cause various kinds of deviations and disorders. Girls, due to their experiences of physical and mental changes, enter the stage of physical and sexual maturity earlier than boys. Their problems ...
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Maturity is one of the most important stages of human development, and its developmental characteristics can cause various kinds of deviations and disorders. Girls, due to their experiences of physical and mental changes, enter the stage of physical and sexual maturity earlier than boys. Their problems in the health, psychological and social dimensions are more than boys due to physiological differences, social roles and governing traditions in society. Because no research has been conducted to identify and disclose the diverse behaviors of adolescent girls, this present study is to analyze the deviant sexual behaviors of matured girls by inductive qualitative method. This research was carried out using theoretical sampling method. Up to 17 girls aged from 12 to 15 years old were purposefully sampled for the aim. In this research, the technique used for data collection was semi-structured and deep interviewing, and the grounded method (systematic: Strauss & Corbin) was used for data analysis. The analysis ultimately addresses 9 main categories including technology-driven sexual activity, risky leisure, passive self-stimulation, emotional disturbances, poorly-sustained parenting-and-addiction, lack of good sexual education, lack of self-regulation motivational skills, religious environments and environmental stimuli, incitement and the core of abnormal sexual socialization.
economics
Firozeh Asghari; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing ...
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Gender equality, equity and women`s empowerment are the essential factors for integral human development and also key factors for all countries to achieve economic, political and social development. The main goal of this paper is a comparative study on women`s status in Malaysia and Iran as two developing countries, which are similar from different aspects. The method used in this research is comparative. The result of this study shows that despite the efforts of both countries to improve the women`s status in many key areas such as education, health, employment, according the reports of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Economic Forum, especially in Gender Inequality Index and Gender Gap Index, Malaysia is ranked higher than Iran. Why and how a country like Malaysia has a higher score than Iran, it is a question that at the end of this paper was answered.
Geography
Maryam Ghasemi; Lida Alizadeh; Elham Ghandehari
Abstract
Empowerment is the linking point between development and women which is closely connected to continuous improvement, competency enhancement, behavioral changes, and development of women’s performance. It is considered as a part of establishing the concept of development. As the focal point in the ...
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Empowerment is the linking point between development and women which is closely connected to continuous improvement, competency enhancement, behavioral changes, and development of women’s performance. It is considered as a part of establishing the concept of development. As the focal point in the area of empowerment lies within women’s ability to control their future (psychological empowerment), the present study seeks to identify and prioritize various approaches for psychological empowerment of women in rural areas. The descriptive-analytical method was used in this applied-developmental study. Data have been collected using documents and field studies. The data were then analyzed using SWOT-QSPM by strategic management tools. In this study, 142 women from the rural areas of Torghabeh and Binaloud County voluntarily participated to fill out the questionnaires. Given the final scores of IFE=1.79 and EFE=2.60 in SWOT matrix, defensive strategies (minimum-minimum) were identified as optimal for psychological empowerment of women in rural areas. Among the ten strategies outlined using the QAPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix), the most important strategy was “the identification of restrictive and facilitative factors for psychological empowerment of women in rural areas. The strategy attempts to mitigate the following obstacles”, with a score of 1.176; the second and third strategies with scores of 0.256 and 0.219 were “holding various educational workshops in line with psychological empowerment of women in rural areas”, and “encouraging women in rural areas to form cooperatives as well as various NGOs for women and supporting them”, respectively.
Somayeh Arab Khorasani
Abstract
Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure ...
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Gender narrative analysis of divorce is resulted from the investigation about the issue of a triple point including narration of individuals who wants to get married, structure of gender and the institution of family. Consequently, this triple points show the place and the influence of the structure of gender in prescribed identity of individual under its influence Therefore, this paper apply narrative analysis approach with 30 men and women participants who have at least one experience of marriage and divorce. The result indicates that gender and its late transition in social actor's mentality counteract with the institution of family has great influence on the dissolution of family. Social actors, especially women, in their new interpretation of the meaning of gender have found it in contrast with family that made them decide to stay or leave. Therefore, the encounter of the evolved gender and the somehow fixed family form is the cause of divorce in middle range level that needs more and deeper investigation.
Zahra Arasti; Ahmad Kanani; Navisa Sadat SeyedGhasemi
Abstract
Introduction/literature review/objectives: one of the influencing factors in entrepreneurship isentrepreneurs' motivations. Some studieshave shown that men and women becomeentrepreneurs with different motivations. However, entrepreneurs' motivations in the industrysector, especially consideringthe sex ...
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Introduction/literature review/objectives: one of the influencing factors in entrepreneurship isentrepreneurs' motivations. Some studieshave shown that men and women becomeentrepreneurs with different motivations. However, entrepreneurs' motivations in the industrysector, especially consideringthe sex factor, have been less studied. This study aims toidentify similarities and differences in women and men entrepreneurs' motivations usinga mixmethod research in a sample of entrepreneurs in the industry sector atthe Golestan provinceMethodology: this is a mix method of qualitative exploratory research in order to identifyentrepreneurs' motivations. Data was gathered by deep interviews with 20 entrepreneurs.Then, a quantitative descriptive study was undertakenin order to compare and prioritizewomen and men entrepreneurs' motivations based on data gatheredthrougha predefinedquestionnaire.Results/discussion/analysis: the results of the qualitative study showed that entrepreneurs'motivations in the industry sector are earning money, creating jobs, opportunity exploitation,helping the society, proving competencies, internal satisfaction, and independence. Theresults also showedthat there is asignificant difference between women and menentrepreneurs for two motivations of "proving competencies" and "earning money".Conclusion: These results help policy makers to further focus on the development of women'sentrepreneurship in Iran.
Golmorad Moradi
Abstract
This research tries to study the role of sociological factors affecting young girls’ use of make-up tools. The study has been conducted through survey method and the data has been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population was 784 girl students from Islam Abad Gharb Azad University, 400 ...
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This research tries to study the role of sociological factors affecting young girls’ use of make-up tools. The study has been conducted through survey method and the data has been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population was 784 girl students from Islam Abad Gharb Azad University, 400 of whom were selected by simple random sampling to be studied. The findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, religious orientation and parents’ level of education have a significant relationship with using cosmetics. The results of regression coefficient show that six variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, income, job status, marital status, have been entered into the equation respectively based on their importance in explaining the dependant variables, and explain total amount of 51% of variance of the dependant variables.
Abdollah shafi abady; fahimeh gholamhosein ghashghaei
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 93-113
Abstract
The present research aims to compare the impact of group consultation on the basis of two approaches of reality therapy and feminism over the identity changes of householder women. Statistical society has been the whole community of householder women who receive support from Imam Khomeini Relief Committee ...
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The present research aims to compare the impact of group consultation on the basis of two approaches of reality therapy and feminism over the identity changes of householder women. Statistical society has been the whole community of householder women who receive support from Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in fifth District of Tehran, which was randomly selected. Research tool has been Indigenous Crisis Questionnaire (ICQ). 42 women out of 80 householder ones were selected randomly through matching up their identity and were divided into three groups. 14 women were placed in experiment group with reality therapy approach. 14 ones in experiment group with feminist approach (1 loss was witnessed) and 14 of them were placed in control group. 9 consultation meetings were held for reality therapy group, and 10 for feminist group. The data of both groups were collected and Sceffe post hoc analysis of variance test was performed to evaluate the impact of group consultation on both groups and the result was analyzed. As a result both consultation meetings- reality therapy and feminist- had impacts on alteration of householder women’s identity without any significant differences between impacts on the two groups.
Mohammad Eshaghi; Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mohebbi; Satar Parvin; Fariborz Mohammadi
Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing women’s quest of divorce in Tehran. The research framework is based on the theory of order (within the family), social capital theory, and matching partnership. Research method was survey and the instrument of the study was questionnaires. 239 seeking divorce ...
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This study examines the factors influencing women’s quest of divorce in Tehran. The research framework is based on the theory of order (within the family), social capital theory, and matching partnership. Research method was survey and the instrument of the study was questionnaires. 239 seeking divorce women and the same number of non-seeking divorce women were given the questionnaires. They were selected from different parts of Tehran, north, south, west and east. The findings reveal that in terms of social order, couple’s funds, matching partnership, there is a significant difference between the two groups which could be among the factors women in Tehran tend to divorce. Logistic regression results show that the probability for the divorce not to happen for those couples who enjoy within family order, partnership capital and negative point of view towards divorce and matching partnership, is 59 per cent. On the other hand it is 41 percent possible for the couples to have the above mentioned conditions and still divorce.
Omid Ghaderzadeh; Hojatallah Yousefvand
Abstract
With respect to the importance of civic participation as the main index of social development, this research aims at studying the rate of female civic participation, and its categories, according to the conceptual apparatus of Putnam. The research was carried out by means of a survey, using a questionnaire; ...
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With respect to the importance of civic participation as the main index of social development, this research aims at studying the rate of female civic participation, and its categories, according to the conceptual apparatus of Putnam. The research was carried out by means of a survey, using a questionnaire; during which 370 women, aged 18 to 45 years old, from Aleshtar, were interviewed. Findings show that the average rate of civic participation among women was equivalent to 59.2%, which, on a scale of 0 to 100, was evaluated as intermediate. Among the categories of civic participation, religious activities were ranked most prominent, with institutional (associational) activities being least popular. Multiple regression analysis, shows that women’s civic participation is based on the intensity of relationship, which is interconnected with variables such as the amount of available resources, scope of social relations, social efficacy, marriage status and age.The above variables explain a 54% overall change in women’s civic participation. At the conclusion of this study, implications of the findings in the field of future studies and cultural and social policy making, have been discussed.
Abdolhossein Kalantari; Payam Roshanfekr; Jelve Javaheri
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 111-131
Abstract
Consequences of divorce, specially the negative ones, affect different sectors of society generally and become specifically important in gender development analysis and social policy, because of their especial influence on women’s lives. This article reviews the previous studies and published literature ...
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Consequences of divorce, specially the negative ones, affect different sectors of society generally and become specifically important in gender development analysis and social policy, because of their especial influence on women’s lives. This article reviews the previous studies and published literature on after-effects of divorce in Iran in a period between 1997 and 2011. Based on an initial search, 197 texts were gathered and after preliminary evaluation and screening, the content of 23 of them were extracted and analyzed. Finally the analysis was organized and evaluated in the following levels: 1- general features, 2- aims and queries of the research, 3- methodology of the research, 4- types of variables and 5- findings as well as outcomes of the research.
Findings of this study show that in general, divorce not only damages human and economic resources, but a gender-sensitive analysis also shows that it could be an obstacle in women’s participation in development and finally leads to their marginalization and exploitation. This study also demonstrates that female researchers pay more attention to psychological and economic impacts of divorce rather than social problems and drug addiction.
Maryam Rafatjah; Somayeh Ghorbani
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 117-147
Abstract
This study aims to find the reasons for women’s failure to achieve more managerial positions despite the increasing number of women higher education graduates, and the effect of social capital on the promotion of female personnel.
The statistical sample includes the personnel of Sepah Bank and two ...
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This study aims to find the reasons for women’s failure to achieve more managerial positions despite the increasing number of women higher education graduates, and the effect of social capital on the promotion of female personnel.
The statistical sample includes the personnel of Sepah Bank and two different methods, qualitative and quantitative, were used to run the research. A probabilistic and stratified sampling method was used for the quantitative part while a purposive counterpart was used in the qualitative part.
Quantitative measurements take advantage of questionnaires and SPSS to gather necessary data and analyze them in descriptive terms. The qualitative part, however, utilizes techniques of observation and semi-structured interviews.
The findings reveal that women with higher socio-economic status enjoy a greater job promotion opportunity but it does not show any difference between the two types of women in terms of marital status, number of children and religious tendencies. It shows that women with high ranking managerial positions have a far greater amount and the structure of social capital -namely social participation, relations and trust - than other working women.
Data analysis reveals that men and women differ in terms of the amount and type of the relations which they make and also supports that discriminations between men and women regarding their access to the important and strategic positions and resources prevent women from attaining most high level and strategic jobs.
Mahdi Taleb; Ahmad Firouz Abadi; Sedigheh Piri
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 135-153
Abstract
Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research ...
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Poverty, in general and women’s poverty in particular is among social problems which has been subject to be mitigated through measures. The results of statistics based studies show that poverty and injustice is more prevalent in rural areas than cities and more common among women than men. The research aims to study the social and cultural causes of women’s poverty through the qualitative approach based on Grounded theory. In this research, sampling has been done purposively. Participants who were interviewed as a group in this research included housewives, women householders and young girls under the aegis of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questions of this research were: what have been the determinants of poverty from the view of rural girls and women? What have been their individual strategies to tackle the problem of poverty? What have been the aftermaths? The Findings of this study showed that social ignorance, clan clashes, preference to men in the family, fatalism, intergenerational poverty, highly populated families, educational limitations, unemployment and imposed war and its aftermath have been the reasons of poverty from the view points of participants. The result showed that cultural and social factors are important causes of poverty.
Entrepreneurship
Davood Ghroneh; Hosein Abedi; Arezoo Ahmadabadi
Abstract
Economic development is the core of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs with the demolition of the old and inefficient methods of the past and replacing them with efficient and innovative practices improve the economic system dynamics and life. One of the factors involved in entrepreneurship is gender ...
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Economic development is the core of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs with the demolition of the old and inefficient methods of the past and replacing them with efficient and innovative practices improve the economic system dynamics and life. One of the factors involved in entrepreneurship is gender and the level of success that each sex will gain in their business depends on their particular features. This research is a comparative study of entrepreneurial characteristics of founders of non-governmental high school in Tehran. The research method was descriptive-survey and the population included the female and male founders of non-governmental high school in Tehran (totally 507 persons). The sample composed of 213 people (90 women and 123 men) selected by cluster sampling. The data were collected through questionnaire that measured two entrepreneurial characteristics including personality and cognitive-skill. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial characteristics of male and female founders of non-governmental high schools are relatively good. There is no significant difference between men and women in terms of entrepreneurial characteristics. Ambiguity tolerance of women entrepreneurs and independence of men entrepreneurs was evaluated as an undesirable item. Also in terms of the personality and cognitive-skill characteristics, there was no significant difference between both groups of men and women. There was no significant difference between personality characteristics between men and women entrepreneurs, except in independence and tolerance of ambiguity.
Hamed Talebian; Sara Talebian
Abstract
"My Stealthy Freedom" is the name of a Facebook page that demands to protest against compulsory Hijab and demonstrate willing of clothing freedom for women in Iran. The foundation and activity of the page had been described as a "social movement". Some western media claimed that this would be a successful ...
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"My Stealthy Freedom" is the name of a Facebook page that demands to protest against compulsory Hijab and demonstrate willing of clothing freedom for women in Iran. The foundation and activity of the page had been described as a "social movement". Some western media claimed that this would be a successful social movement for Iranian women and some others asserted that this page would be a new platform in which Iranian women represent a new image of their identity. In this paper, analyzing qualitatively a purposive sample of photos with their captions, we are questioning these claims again. Our findings indicate that despite some excitements about a new social movement for Iranian women in western media and western human rights association, "My Stealthy Freedom" cannot be considered as a new applicable social movement against Iran's government and the law of compulsory hijab in Iran. Finally, we conclude that this Facebook page is not only incapable of organizing a real social movement against hijab, but also can be a well-suited example for the concept of slacktivism.
Seyad Javad Emamjomehzadeh; Zahra Sadeghi Naghde Ali; Reza Mahmoud Oghli; Reza Rahbar Ghazi
Abstract
According to the logic of 'weak ties' Partnership organized through links with a wider range of people causes of social capital among a group of citizens will increase. So it seems, increasing participation among people, ultimately leading to increased cooperative activities among them. While the impact ...
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According to the logic of 'weak ties' Partnership organized through links with a wider range of people causes of social capital among a group of citizens will increase. So it seems, increasing participation among people, ultimately leading to increased cooperative activities among them. While the impact of social networks on political relations, much attention has been. There is very little empirical research to evaluate the impact of these networks, especially in relation to political behavior. Accordingly, this study seeks to answer this question: “Is there a relationship between social networks and political behavior of the male and female students?” This study is a survey method and the sample size of 375 patients’ male and female university students of Isfahan in 91-92 years. The methods used to test the hypothesis t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Dividing social networks both horizontal and vertical dimensions and political behavior the two-level political Behavior excel – affiliate and, excel – Battalion. The results showed that horizontal networks highest impact and sex and the student has had little impact on the political behavior of students.
Women's Studies
Ali Shakouri; Zeynab Shafiyi
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of gender differences in mate preference in one of the major Iranian online dating services. To best of our knowledge, there are only few similar studies conducted with this objective focusing on Iran. A quantitative approach is used in this paper which is inferred from ...
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This paper studies the effect of gender differences in mate preference in one of the major Iranian online dating services. To best of our knowledge, there are only few similar studies conducted with this objective focusing on Iran. A quantitative approach is used in this paper which is inferred from a database of approximately 84 thousands of users from various geographical locations inside Iran. Statistical analysis of this paper concentrates on two important criteria: (1) Personal/Parental qualities (which include: honesty, kindness, faith and trustworthiness, fidelity, being funny and loving travel) and (2) Attractiveness/Social Status (which includes: looks, education, income, family status and being born in Tehran). The study concludes that men tends to prefer qualities such as looks, honesty and fidelity while women mostly prefer qualities such as being born in Tehran, education, faith and trustworthiness, family status and income over other qualities.
Masoumeh Esmaeily
Abstract
In the process of accepting the crisis situation, people can experience a more pleasant feeling and play a more prominent role in creating family, work and social settings. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the process of accepting the crisis situation in rural areas with an emphasis ...
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In the process of accepting the crisis situation, people can experience a more pleasant feeling and play a more prominent role in creating family, work and social settings. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the process of accepting the crisis situation in rural areas with an emphasis on the gender impact of women. The statistical population of the study included rural women who remained in their village after the earthquake in Kermanshah and attempted to cope with the post-earthquake conditions. From this community, samples were selected purposefully to saturation (12 rural women). In this research, the phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. In this way, with the help of non-structured interviews, we collected information related to sample individuals. The process of accepting the crisis situation in rural women is represented in six phases following main themes: facing the threat (before the earthquake), facing the crisis (after the earthquake), trying to reconstruct the life, the stage of settling in conditions, the link with the down and life-threatening and power-up stages. This survey illustrates the process women took in the countryside to accept the crisis situation. The process requires a special effort by women from the beginning to the end according to their feminine characteristics.
Sociology
Nahid Hosseini; Seyed Mohammad Seyed Mirzaie; Bagher Sarokhani
Abstract
Today, the family has undergone dramatic changes due to various social, economic and cultural conditions. The marriage of the young people is an issue with downward trend that raised social concern at micro and macro levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the meaning of the marriage and the ...
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Today, the family has undergone dramatic changes due to various social, economic and cultural conditions. The marriage of the young people is an issue with downward trend that raised social concern at micro and macro levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the meaning of the marriage and the mental image of youth about marriage and how they choose strategies for marriage. The research approach is qualitative and its methodology is the grounded theory. The participants were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling of 28 single Youth from different regions of Tehran in 2017. The data were collected by semi-structured deep interview techniques. The research data were categorized based on open, axial and selective coding and to obtain ultimately the core of the research. The results of the research show that the "rejection" answers of the participants to the marriage are mainly due to four main categories including fear, reluctance, decline of transcendental values and pleasure. Their semantic reasons are mainly in the three main categories including livelihood issues such as the insecure economy, the inability to manage costs, and women's financial independence, and also inclusive values such as ethical values and social-communicational relations, including the social status and the current relationship between the two sexes. In the end, it is suggested that for the marriage of young people, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to their livelihoods such as employment and income, socialization of the norms and value infrastructures affecting the family institution leading to development of communication relationships.
Hamideh Dabbaghi
Abstract
The accumulation of multiple responsibilities of jobs and family roles poses conflicts for academic women. In this paper, we intended to answer two important questions about “What is the main features of academic women’s job? What are the most important conflicts experienced by women at work ...
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The accumulation of multiple responsibilities of jobs and family roles poses conflicts for academic women. In this paper, we intended to answer two important questions about “What is the main features of academic women’s job? What are the most important conflicts experienced by women at work and in the family? To answer these questions has taken advantage of a qualitative approach, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 26 academic women, and finally a thematic analysis using Max Q.D.A 2018. In this study, many theories like a framework for explaining a favorite job for women and many theories of work-life conflicts have been used to understand the final findings. The findings indicate the extraction of 2 main themes, 6 subthemes, 25 concepts and 282 conceptual codes. In addition, the nature of job as a faculty member brings advantages like: good payment, social presence, but some disadvantages such as the task based, the steady and demanding job which make academic women always worried and stressful, to have time pressure, and to experience torment of mother, forgetfulness of role and so on. In fact, academic women experience conflicts related to their motherhood, the role of spouse, relationships with parents and relatives, and personal priorities.
Welfare and Planning
Sajjad Basharpoor; Azadeh Abasi; Fatemeh Ghorbani; Akbar Atadokht; Sajjad Almardi Someh
Abstract
The aim of current study was assessing the relation of body image dissatisfaction and social anxiety with using of cosmetics in female college students.The method of this research was descriptive-analytical. The whole female students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in second half of 2013 comprised statistical ...
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The aim of current study was assessing the relation of body image dissatisfaction and social anxiety with using of cosmetics in female college students.The method of this research was descriptive-analytical. The whole female students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in second half of 2013 comprised statistical population of this study. One hundred and ten female students selected from this society by multistage randomly sampling. They were asked to respond questionnaires of social anxiety, body image dissatisfaction and researcher made questionnaire of using of cosmetics. Gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests. The correlation results showed that the using ratio of cosmetics are related positively to body image dissatisfaction (r=0.44, P<0.001). Social anxiety (r=0.26, P<0.001) and its components as fear (r=0.28, P<0.004), physiological symptoms (r=0.22, P<0.02) and avoidance (r=0.21, P<0.03). The results of regression analysis also showed that 19% of variance of the using of cosmetics was explained by body image dissatisfaction and social anxiety disorder gender attitudes. Results of this study demonstrated that body image dissatisfaction and social anxiety disorder play role in the using of cosmetics.
Entrepreneurship
samaneh mansouri; Adel Peyghami; asemeh ghasemi
Abstract
One of the reasons for the unsuccessful presence of women in the field of entrepreneurship is the lack of theorizing and the shortcomings in policy making. New studies in the field of new approaches compatible with gender dimensions in the field of women entrepreneurship have been presented for this ...
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One of the reasons for the unsuccessful presence of women in the field of entrepreneurship is the lack of theorizing and the shortcomings in policy making. New studies in the field of new approaches compatible with gender dimensions in the field of women entrepreneurship have been presented for this purpose. The main question of the present study is what the new approaches and approaches in the field of women entrepreneurship are? Can these new approaches and developments in gender studies, while reducing inadequacies, create new opportunities for women to play a better role in development? To answer these questions, first the most important new theoretical approaches in the field of women entrepreneurship were identified and categorized. Then, in order to evaluate and complete them, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 19 university professors, managers, as well as a number of successful female entrepreneurs, and thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data.Empowerment in self-knowledge, women being pioneers in charity works, complementarity of family and social roles, Women creating surplus value are some of the 47 main themes identified in this study. This means that by intersecting the transgender characteristics of entrepreneurship with the gender roles of women in the objective and practical field, a new conceptual framework in the field of women entrepreneurship can be achieved that can lead to new opportunities, as well as reduce barriers and shortcomings.
Women's Studies
Behrouz Roustakhiz; Atiyeh Azarshab; Emilia Nercissians
Abstract
Unlike many previous studies that have been inspired by some kind of medical and pathological discourse to investigate the consequences of hookah and tobacco use on consumer’s health, the purpose of the present study is to understand the semantic implications of this phenomenon Among Baloch women ...
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Unlike many previous studies that have been inspired by some kind of medical and pathological discourse to investigate the consequences of hookah and tobacco use on consumer’s health, the purpose of the present study is to understand the semantic implications of this phenomenon Among Baloch women residing in Damen village of Iranshahr city. In view of the main issue of the research and the most important goal outlined, in the methodological dimension we have also adopted a qualitative approach appropriate to anthropological work, namely “ethnography”. Finally, the findings show that the tendency to use hookah among the study population is not merely an individual tendency and it’s not anti-social and abnormal. Rather, it must be seen along special cultural contexts that have unique semantic implications. This topic is discussed in the following six categories: 1) Hookah using and continuation of traditions; 2) Hookah consumption, affirmation and social identification; 3) Hookah using, redemption of tension and woman’s agency; 4) Hookah using and leisure; 5) Hookah using and treatment of disease; 6) Hookah using, strengthening and maintaining of group cohesion.
