atefe khademi; zeynab yaseri
Abstract
Work-family balance refers to the synchronization of family and occupational roles. Undoubtedly, the content and policymaking system’s approach to this issue is one of the main factors affecting realization of satisfactory condition of the women's employment system and realization of a constructive ...
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Work-family balance refers to the synchronization of family and occupational roles. Undoubtedly, the content and policymaking system’s approach to this issue is one of the main factors affecting realization of satisfactory condition of the women's employment system and realization of a constructive balance between work and family in women's lives. This study aims to investigate the flow and trends of women's employment policymaking and how these policies consider the work-family balance for women using meta-analysis method. In this study, the meta-analysis of policymaking in the field of women's employment and considering extent to which they relate to create balance between work and family domains suggests that policymaking area has failed systematically to achieve goals such as balance between employment and family. Also, based on the principle of women's dignity and paying attention to create dignity for women, to organize employment, so the policies adopted during these years are in a basic and content disturbance which is not proportional to the woman at the level of the Islamic Revolution.
Consultation
SeyedAlireza Afshani; azade abooei; Ali Ruhani
Abstract
This study examines the marital consequences of infertility in infertile women. It has been conducted, using a qualitative approach and contextual theory method. The target population has primary been infertile women between the age of 25 and 40 who face infertility problems and do meet the following ...
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This study examines the marital consequences of infertility in infertile women. It has been conducted, using a qualitative approach and contextual theory method. The target population has primary been infertile women between the age of 25 and 40 who face infertility problems and do meet the following criteria: at least 5 years of cohabitation experience, at least two years of infertility treatment, and at least one IowaF failure. Accordingly, through theoretical sampling twenty-one cases have been studied. The theoretical sampling has continued until data saturation. The data has been gathered through interviews, with data analysis being performed by open, axial, and selective coding methods. The findings show that the consequence of infertility in marital life are 8 main categories, namely transition from a main subject to marginal ones, objectification of the second wife, the victim role, agonized separation, transformation in the husband, the fantasy of love, infertility as a problematic platform, and existential loneliness. A core category has been identified as “victimizer victims”, a notion that refers to the idea that infertile women may, over time, experience their husband's remarriage or a desire to remarry as a result of their infertility, particularly cultural consequences. The findings generally indicated that infertile women are concerned about their husbands' remarriage and, in some cases, the wife's support for the husband's remarriage to have children only to divorce the second wife. Thus, infertile women are psychologically disturbed, as well as in their marital relationships.
Women's Studies
Bijan Khajehnoori; Maryam Karimi; Saeed Keshavarzi
Abstract
Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In ...
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Abstract Women as half of the population of each society have important role in societies development. Accordingly, many sociologists consider study of women’s empowerment and its influencing factors. Present study is to examine the relationship between digital divide and women empowerment. In addition, women empowerment and its dimensions (access and control of resources, participation, gender awareness, mobility and security) were investigated. Also these independent variables: marital Status, respondents and their families’ Income, social class, Education level of respondents and their spouses, Head of household status, employment status, occupation, age, technology divide, information access divide, information literacy divide were investigated. By virtue of multistage random sampling, 600 ones were selected based on leen formula. Required Datas were collected from Shiraz women aged 15-54 by means of questionnaires based on survey method. The study findings indicated variables: social status, respondent and husband education, technology divide, and information literacy divide and information access had a significant relation with the women empowerment; while marital status had no significant relationship with women empowerment. Multiple regression showed that 27 percent of the variance of women empowerment variable was explained through the independent variables (information literacy divide, respondents under Graduate Diploma).
Jafar Hezarjaribi; Azam Pilevari
Abstract
This research has been conducted to study the social barriers for women to have managerial positions. To this end the Glass Ceiling theory and Role Conflict hypothesis have been proposed. The statistical population has been 323 employed female staff of Bank Melli in Tehran who were selected through systematic ...
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This research has been conducted to study the social barriers for women to have managerial positions. To this end the Glass Ceiling theory and Role Conflict hypothesis have been proposed. The statistical population has been 323 employed female staff of Bank Melli in Tehran who were selected through systematic sampling based on Cochran’s sampling formula. Findings suggest that the main social obstacles for women to gain managerial position are: women’s family responsibilities, stereotypical thoughts and relationship considerations. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between women’s educational status and their access to managerial positions.
Mohammad ali Tavana
Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 27-42
Abstract
Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: ...
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Women’s issues are among basic issues of contemporary society which have been offered different solutions. While the first- wave feminists would insist on the gender equality, the second wave would emphasize that women differ from men. The third wave tried to hold on to both sides of the conundrum: equality and difference. Iris Marion Young is one of the theorists of the third wave of feminism who presented the theory of Differentiated Citizenship. Through Consultative Democracy theory of Habermas and Foucault’s theory of Marginalized and Oppressed Groups she tried to plan a type of communicative-participatory democracy in order for women and other oppressed and deprived groups to fully and equally participate with others while maintaining their differences in public areas. On this very basis, the present research analyses Young’s Theory of Differentiated Citizenship to show the extent of success of the theory in offering an alternative solution to the issues of women and deprived social groups.
Hossein Akbari
Abstract
oday, sustainable development, in most social and economic planning, is considered as one of the key concepts.The term "development," focuses on improving of the quality of life and promoting of the welfare of society, whilst "stability," refers to the continuation of this process throughout the generations ...
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oday, sustainable development, in most social and economic planning, is considered as one of the key concepts.The term "development," focuses on improving of the quality of life and promoting of the welfare of society, whilst "stability," refers to the continuation of this process throughout the generations of mankind.Therefore, sustainable development can be defined as being a development that meets the needs of current generations without impairing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.One of the basic requirements of sustainable development is proper use of available resources.This paper examines the role of women in sustainable development in the environmental dimension, as being extremely important and invaluable. In agenda 21 of the Rio Summit, women are considered as being one of the main groups in achieving sustainable development.The paper also reviews available literature on the role of women in sustainable development, particularly in the environmental dimension, using data from the World Values Survey for 50 countries. The article investigates the organizational and practical actions of women on environmental issues.Research findings indicate that women in most countries, in contrast to their male counterparts, participate actively in environmental protection and conservation of resources, whilst in the areas of setting up the structures of organization, and participation in environmental decision making, they lack active participation. The study of environmental action of women in the different generations’ groups, shows middle-aged women are involved in more practical actions to protect the environment, whereas, the younger generations are more active in environmental organizations.
Mahmood Ghazi_Tabatabaea; Nader Mehri
Abstract
Working women compared with non-working women in Iran bear a double burden ofresponsibility. They not only have to bear the traditional unpaid responsibilities of taking careof children and household chores they also have to bear the responsibilities of performingduties associated with their paid job ...
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Working women compared with non-working women in Iran bear a double burden ofresponsibility. They not only have to bear the traditional unpaid responsibilities of taking careof children and household chores they also have to bear the responsibilities of performingduties associated with their paid job outside the home. The double burden of responsibility forthe working women refers to the amount of work they do at home and outside the homecomparedwith non-working women. This article aims to quantify the additional work theIranian employed women do based on the number of their dependent children under the ageof 7 years. To do this, a comparison between the time allocated for paid and unpaid works by,respectively, working and non-working married women is made. The required data for theanalysis was provided by the Iranian National Center for Statistics. The results indicated thatmarried working women with 0, 1 and 2 children work 3 hours and 6 minutes, 1 hour and 42minutes and 1 hour and 29 minutes, respectively, more than their non-working counterparts.The results also indicate that with an increase in the number dependent children the relativeintensity of double burden of working women decreases.
Hamid Reza Oreyzi; Shabnam Javanmard
Abstract
Attachment of children to their parents and their separation are two important growth processes which are summoned up in teens again and become more important. The present research tends to find out either the processes of attachment and separation among girls and boys take place in different ways or ...
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Attachment of children to their parents and their separation are two important growth processes which are summoned up in teens again and become more important. The present research tends to find out either the processes of attachment and separation among girls and boys take place in different ways or gender can affect the relationship between these two processes. To this end 300 students of the University of Isfahan were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 150 who answered the questionnaire of teen separation and attachment to their parents and peers. The results of independent “t” analysis show that two groups of boys and girls are different in terms of their attachment to their parents and their separation. Also a significant relationship between attachment of children to the parents and their separation in both groups was confirmed. The results of the analysis of subgroup (Z Ficsher) didn’t certify the regulating role of gender between attachment and separation. The above results made it clear that the process of separation for boys and girls is different. It was also revealed that girls are less confident of their parents support and availability. This may lead in formation of unsafe attachment styles and then block the successful process of separation and individualization among girls.
Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Zahra Mirhosseini
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 35-62
Abstract
Nowadays, new developments in the realm of criminological studies have considerably aroused social science criminal researcher’s attention toward the other involved side, which are the very victims of such crimes. Considering this, researchers have attempted to investigate, through victim-oriented ...
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Nowadays, new developments in the realm of criminological studies have considerably aroused social science criminal researcher’s attention toward the other involved side, which are the very victims of such crimes. Considering this, researchers have attempted to investigate, through victim-oriented approaches, the ruling condition of crime creation so that they might take sufficient measures to prevent the crimes or reduce and alleviate their consequences.
This paper which is based on qualitative research aims to analyze the grounds for crimes committed against women according to their accounts.
This is done by means of qualitative reasearch methods and performed interviews with 65 women with the age ranging from 19 to 60.
The findings of this paper suggest that the interviewed women consider the following factors as the reasons underlying the crimes committed against them which include women’s carelessness, type of daily activities, behavior and dress code, violence in the private and public environments, familial disorder and lack of sociability, inconsistent self-defense trainings, urban environment disfiguration, existence of hidden crime-causing locations such as under passes and dark places, social and economical issues like unemployment and poverty along with women’s physiological features.
Omid Qaderzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 3 , October 2012, , Pages 35-65
Abstract
One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to ...
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One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering identity limits and expansion of collective belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to study empirically the theory of the relationship between the amount of economic capital as well as of social and cultural enjoyment and the sense of belonging, commitment and loyalty of women towards tribal and national identities. In order to study the above mentioned relationship I have used a sample group of 375 women aged 18 to 45 living in Sanandaj. The method used was survey and the data were collected by using a questionnaire which had already been checked for reliability and validity.
The Research results indicate that a positive and negative correlation between cultural and social capital and the salience of the national and ethnic identities are respectively a positive correlation between economical capital and the various types of collective identities. Yet, the highest degree of correlation is with national identity. Also, the correlation between the various types of collective identity and the objectified and embodied dimensions of cultural capital is to some extent different from that with the institutionalized dimension. Among aspects of social capital, civic and institutional relations carries influential and strengthening effect on national identity and in sum explain 59 and 37 percent of variations of the national and ethnic identity among the women under study.
Yaghoob Foroutan
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 39-80
Abstract
The increasing trend in women's market employment since 1950s in the world has been documented as the most important indication for 'the revolution in gender roles' (Davis 1984, Cotter et al 2001). Despite the significant capabilities of women and the substantial achievements facilitating female labor ...
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The increasing trend in women's market employment since 1950s in the world has been documented as the most important indication for 'the revolution in gender roles' (Davis 1984, Cotter et al 2001). Despite the significant capabilities of women and the substantial achievements facilitating female labor force participation in the recent years (such as substantial increase both in women's university education and in their mean age at marriage, a significant fall in fertility rate, and the increasing trend in positive attitude towards women's work outside the home), women in Iran still hold a low level of employment. The low rate of women's employment mainly lies in socio-cultural circumstances that are reproduced by educational systems and school-textbooks.Using the content analysis technique, this article highlights the main patterns and characteristics of women's employment represented in the textbooks of three levels of the Iranian schools: primary, intermediate, and high schools. In general, the results of this study show that the traditional pattern of gender roles inside and outside the home and the male breadwinner model (McDonald 2000) has been evidently represented in the textbooks. According to the results, there are two other key characteristics for women's employment. First, working women are represented in very limited types of work. Second, they often deal with their same-sex clients. Finally, the results show that these patterns vary partly in terms of the title of the textbooks and the three levels of schools.
mohammad abas zadeh; ali reza ostad rahimi; fariba ghani afshard; parvin ali pour
Abstract
Food safety is among the important and remarkable subjects which is considered fundamental and a basic need of individuals and society so that lack of food or nutritional disorders has serious consequences and worrying reflections. This paper aims to measure nutritional disorders among female citizens ...
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Food safety is among the important and remarkable subjects which is considered fundamental and a basic need of individuals and society so that lack of food or nutritional disorders has serious consequences and worrying reflections. This paper aims to measure nutritional disorders among female citizens of Tabriz and Intends to identify social and cultural factors affecting it. Survey method was applied and measuring instrument was localized Standard questionnaire. The study sample included 400 women and girls aged 15-49 in the year 1389 in Tabriz who were selected by stratified random sampling based on Census 1385 and the among 432 127 individuals. The results indicate the independent variables (influence of family, peers, media, religion and the impact of social comparisons), social comparison variable has the highest influence on respondents' level of nutritional disorders and mentioned variables explain 34% of the variable changes dependant variable (eating disorder).
economics
Vahid Mehrbani
Abstract
Conventional economic theory neglects home production and provides services within household because what is produced and consumed within households has not economic value and hence does not enter the national accounts. The main reason of such ignorance is that the home products are not transmitted from ...
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Conventional economic theory neglects home production and provides services within household because what is produced and consumed within households has not economic value and hence does not enter the national accounts. The main reason of such ignorance is that the home products are not transmitted from market. The history of this viewpoint dates back to the advent of industrialization into the capitalism. Family is a framework for preparation of many worthy commodities in which welfare of individuals is determined while women attend the core of this process. Some economists in the second half of the twentieth century attempted to incorporate housework into the neoclassical theory of labor-leisure choice. Accordingly, this paper also presents an alternative model to analyze such valuable activity called "housework" in which characteristics of Iranian family is more compatible including evident implications. The model leads to a supply function of housework that represents the housework as a negative function of female's wage rate and a positive function of husband's wage and the wife's share from husband's earnings. The method of research is gathering data of married women and analyzing evidence according to econometric equations. These data have been gathered by questionnaire. The housework supply function has been estimated by using a sample that includes 409 married women who reside in Tehran and are at least 35 years old. The estimation is based on logistic distribution function and Maximum Likelihood method. Results suggest that earnings, education, employment and age of women besides family income and marriage duration have negative effect on housework but number of children shows positive impact. As a whole, factors that make market opportunities more attractive tend to lessen the time devoted to housework and vice versa.
Medical Sociology
Ali Mohammad Ghodsi; Esmaeel Balali; Zahra Samadi Akhi Jani; Fereshteh Behrooz
Abstract
In the past, an attractive and normal woman was characterized by having a fat and large body; nowadays, however, values have changed. Now, women consider having a thin, delicate and elongated body as a value trying so hard to gain such value. Based on social values ascribed to a balanced and normal body, ...
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In the past, an attractive and normal woman was characterized by having a fat and large body; nowadays, however, values have changed. Now, women consider having a thin, delicate and elongated body as a value trying so hard to gain such value. Based on social values ascribed to a balanced and normal body, it has become necessary for women to gain this special type of body thereby causing dissatisfaction of body and its resultant increasing rate of anorexia nervosa among adolescents who are the most vulnerable groups exposed to this eating disorder. The current study aims to consider some social factors associated with anorexia nervosa in girl students of Hamadan high schools. This study was conducted using a questionnaire and surveying a sample of 300 girl students. Findings show that there are direct and positive relationships between anorexia nervosa with social comparison, parents’ normative pressure to thinness, friends’ normative pressure to thinness, media and body mass index variables, but there is a reverse and negative relationship between anorexia nervosa with body image variable. Also, friends’ normative pressure to thinness (beta=.24) and body mass index (beta = .13) variables were shown to be effective factors in explaining anorexia nervosa in studying the girl students.
Sociology
Soheila Alirezanejad; Sahar Khakpoor
Abstract
Money and the way people spend it may cause lots of tension among family members; therefore, it is important to concentrate on money and the way it is spent. This article aims to address how women and men treat money as well as their differences and similarities. A mixed method (field research and survey) ...
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Money and the way people spend it may cause lots of tension among family members; therefore, it is important to concentrate on money and the way it is spent. This article aims to address how women and men treat money as well as their differences and similarities. A mixed method (field research and survey) was designed to answer this question. Qualitative data was gathered by using semi structured interview and questionnaire was the data collection technique in survey. Findings showed that women, in comparison with men, usually spend money with special purpose. The same feature is seen about saving money- and even spending this saved money- women usually play the role of an executive function but men have strategic control over money. Women and men define their own personal expenses differently. The amount and pattern of saving money among women vary based on age but such trend is not observed among men.
hadiseh ramezanifar; Alireza Kaldi; Bahram Ghadimi
Abstract
Dissatisfaction with married life, reduced intimacy and emotional distance between couples leads to emotional divorce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting emotional divorce and strategies to deal with it using the basic theory method among women in Tonekabon. Using ...
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Dissatisfaction with married life, reduced intimacy and emotional distance between couples leads to emotional divorce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting emotional divorce and strategies to deal with it using the basic theory method among women in Tonekabon. Using purposive sampling method, 21 women involved in emotional divorce referred to counseling centers in Tonekabon were selected and the necessary information was collected using in-depth interviews. The data is encoded and analyzed in 3 steps. The results show that categories such as men's neglect of women, irresponsibility, violence, communication and sexual problems, lack of effective presence at home and lack of proper leisure programs cause emotional divorce and factors such as family conditions and family and base interventions. Socioeconomic status of the individual, occupation, income, duration of marriage, and age of the couple at the time of marriage exacerbate the causal factors affecting emotional divorce. Therefore, the strategy to get rid of this situation has been proposed at both individual and social levels
Geography
Ali Goli; Shahrokh Zadvali Khajeh; Fatemeh Zadvali
Abstract
Women as half of the citizens, parks and green spaces reserved have been one of the maincenters and recreational facilities in addition to the health and psychological aspects. Thesustainable development and improving the quality of life of women in urban is evaluation ofWomen Park designing with appropriate ...
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Women as half of the citizens, parks and green spaces reserved have been one of the maincenters and recreational facilities in addition to the health and psychological aspects. Thesustainable development and improving the quality of life of women in urban is evaluation ofWomen Park designing with appropriate gender perspective. Research methods is in library,field survey and study by time (summer 2013). The population size is women over 18 years ofTabriz and sample size based on a random index is obtained 114 people. The results based onFreidman test show that the greatest satisfaction of the residents of how to design of ShamsWomen Park of Tabriz is belonging to variables of appropriate design in inner space of parkthan aristocracy of nearby buildings, vitality and freshness because of design for park interiorspaces, psychological sense of security and peace in the Park. The value for each test isrespectively 13.08, 12.76 and 12.62. Also in among the studied variables, lowest test value is5.24 that it’s belongs to welcome the ladies of park variable. The results are indicating asignificant relationship between age and education level of the respondents and satisfaction ofWomen Park.
Fatemeh Vazifehshenas; Mohamadmahdi Rahmati; Hoda Hallajzadeh
Abstract
The research attempts to describe the beauty of the female body as a discursive order, and to interpret the discourses present in this field as well as the hegemonic mechanisms of representing the female subject within discourse. In this regard, with a qualitative approach and in the framework of the ...
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The research attempts to describe the beauty of the female body as a discursive order, and to interpret the discourses present in this field as well as the hegemonic mechanisms of representing the female subject within discourse. In this regard, with a qualitative approach and in the framework of the discourse analysis method, this study discussed the analytical extension of the female body beauty discourses. Data were collected using semi-structure interview technique among 30 women who were selected through purposeful sampling. The findings of the research led to the interpretation of the body as a subject in three levels of exercise, medicine and diet discourses. The concepts of building and femininity of the body under the guise of sport discourse, standardization and beauty eroticism were formulated in the medical discourse and the concepts of discipline and body shame followed by diet discourse. The interpretation of these three discursive levels showed that patriarchy has the hegemonic aspect as the discourse in the highest level of discursive hegemony and directs the mentality of women in the direction of body management. This discourse with the conception of the ideal woman seeks to negate other forms of femininity and essentially builds the beauty of the feminine body in the form of a male hegemonic look into the feminine body.
Women's Studies
Karim Naderi Mahdy; Hajar Vahdat Moadab
Abstract
This study is an applied research using qualitative research method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of social capital components on the empowerment of rural women engaged in home businesses. The study area of this research is Razan County. The statistical population is the 460 women ...
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This study is an applied research using qualitative research method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of social capital components on the empowerment of rural women engaged in home businesses. The study area of this research is Razan County. The statistical population is the 460 women engaged in home businesses. We have selected 266 women through stratified sampling as the sample group. In addition to a deep documentary survey, the necessary data and information were collected from the field using a structured questionnaire. The validity of the study instrument was confirmed by a panel of relevant experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The reliability in all parts of the questionnaire was estimated 0.85. We used Lisrel and SPSS20 software to analyze the data collected. The results of cluster analysis indicated that 63.25% were poor in terms of capacity and 21 percent were relatively strong, while only 14.84 percent of the sample was quite formidable. Based on the results of diagnostic analysis, it can be said that the most important factors distinguishing these groups are as follows: ensuring community participation, social trust and social cohesion.
Women's Studies
saber kalhori; farshad mohammadian
Abstract
Women's economic empowerment is related to human rights and social justice and is very important for human development. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has shown that women's economic empowerment plays an important role in eliminating gender discrimination and sustainable development. Also, ...
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Women's economic empowerment is related to human rights and social justice and is very important for human development. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has shown that women's economic empowerment plays an important role in eliminating gender discrimination and sustainable development. Also, increasing women's economic empowerment through access to and control of valuable resources has positive effects on the well-being of women and the next generation, and therefore, women's economic empowerment also contributes to human capital and human capabilities. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of financial access on women's economic empowerment in Middle Eastern countries using generalize method of moments (GMM) panel data from 2004 to 2018. The results showed that economic empowerment increases with improving financial access, so that with a 1% increase in the number of commercial banks branches, economic empowerment increases by 0.37%. Also, the variables of life expectancy, education and cost of living have a positive and significant relationship and the variable of GDP per capita has a significant and negative relationship with economic empowerment. Therefore, it is suggested that governments, organizations and policy makers consider measures to facilitate, improve and increase the granting of self-employment loans to women in order to activate them in society and the labor market. Also, by providing programs to increase the level of education of women in society and by implementing development plans and programs and in general by providing comprehensive services to increase women's health improves women's economic empowerment.
Political sciences
Mohammad Ali Tavana; Farzad Azarkamand
Abstract
In the contemporary political philosophy was presented the various resolutions for release of female from repression and inequality. For example, the feminists of the post-structuralisms Foucault speak about the permanent refusal of female in opposition. The feminists of the post-modernists Baudrillard ...
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In the contemporary political philosophy was presented the various resolutions for release of female from repression and inequality. For example, the feminists of the post-structuralisms Foucault speak about the permanent refusal of female in opposition. The feminists of the post-modernists Baudrillard defend from the acute of male matter for depletion of the central cause. The feminists of post-colonialists such as Spivak support from Deconsturction of Logoscenterism that is govern on mail discourse. The feminist of contemporarys libral such as Suzan Okin also defend based on the principle of its fundamental of the female’s rights. The Jolia Kristeva thinker moving in the border between modernism and postmodernism, presented the particularly solution for female subjectivity which consists of formative suggestions for our society in modern era. According to this article, two main questions were discussed: 1. What is the resolution of Kristeva for releasing the female subject from the repression and inequality? 2. What is the practical and theoretical results for our society in modern era? It is supposed that the idea of feminine genius can be a good solution for suppression and removing the female subject in public sphere. Since, the idea open a way entrance of Semiotic matter of female to symbolic matter of male. It means that genius caused that the subject of female talker can participate in the logical social political of male actively and disorder that from heart. One of the possible resolutions for battle to in inequality is the activity participation of women in cultural weave of society. The social-political participation of Iranian women is not ignoring the family and maternal role and women values. The women identity could perform balance in Iranian society. In this research grounded hermeneutics method and framework of inner logic were used.
Sociology
Ahmad Ghiasvand; sara asadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the marital life experiences of women in Kermanshah. These women are the ones who have spent at least a decade of their married life together and are unwilling to divorce. The research method was narrative analysis and purposeful sampling was used. Finally, ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the marital life experiences of women in Kermanshah. These women are the ones who have spent at least a decade of their married life together and are unwilling to divorce. The research method was narrative analysis and purposeful sampling was used. Finally, 20 women were interviewed. Qualitative analysis (themes) The story of women's marital stability experience can be narrated in five situations: First position: family's desire to get married: This situation involves two sub-categories: the preference for family experience and interest over the girl's interest in marriage. stage two: Couples living under one roof: This includes events and conflicts that include: feelings of childlessness for mothers, sexual needs, conflict until divorce.Stage Three: Impact on Couples' Adaptation: After the height of conflict, couples gradually adapt. It has a great impact on separation from the paternal family and independence. Stage Four: Begin Honeymoon Living: Couples' attention to shared desire gives them a sense of calm. Women also experience some form of marital stability after having children. Stage Five: Satisfying Marital Life: At this point, women have had enough experiences to continue living. They have also learned to manage relationships within and outside the family. Thus, the stability of marital life can be narrated in the form of external family supervision and couples' internal commitment.
Medical Sociology
Maryam Ghazinejad; Hajar Sangari Soleymani
Abstract
Like the rest of the world, paying attention to health dimensions, especially social health and its elements, has become essential in Iran's society. Moreover, the recent decade has been witness to a wave of women entering universities and their demand for job.Since job, as a main social determinant, ...
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Like the rest of the world, paying attention to health dimensions, especially social health and its elements, has become essential in Iran's society. Moreover, the recent decade has been witness to a wave of women entering universities and their demand for job.Since job, as a main social determinant, affects health, and women's health brings family and eventually social health, we intended to probe the impact of job on social health of females. The statistical population included employed female students studying in Alzahra University. The sample size was determined to be 111 subjects who were selected from different faculties using cluster sample method. This was a sectional survey study and the information was collected using self-made questionnaire and social health standard scale; then the data were analyzed by using spss software. The suitability of job conditions (wages and benefits, job security, organizational support, growth and prosperity at work, etc.) had the highest effect on the students' social health. In addition, results indicated the effect of casual mechanisms of financial independence, social relations, social support, self-esteem, and social status on social health of employed people. Among the underlying variables, age, marital status, and type of living place were significantly correlated with social health. Finally, the type of job (in terms of rank and status) did' not have any major correlation with students' social health. Employment does not change one's social health. The main things affecting social health are occupational components including the type of job, suitability of job conditions, and social-mental capabilities (consequences of job).
Sociology
Mohammad Javad Zahedi; Parvaneh Danesh; Firouz Rad; Reza Mojarab Qushchi
Abstract
Existing evidence shows that poor women who live in urban areas face different kinds of social exclusion. The present study investigates the roots of social exclusion in small scale and everyday life of these people aiming to clarify some dimensions of this problem. Qualitative method has been used in ...
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Existing evidence shows that poor women who live in urban areas face different kinds of social exclusion. The present study investigates the roots of social exclusion in small scale and everyday life of these people aiming to clarify some dimensions of this problem. Qualitative method has been used in this study, and research data were collected through interviewing 32 poor women supported by Relief Committee of Imam Khomeini in Urmia. The results obtained from this study were analyzed by grounded theory approach. The obtained results showed that five factors including poor cultural capital, financial limitations, negative approach to the poor, being single and negative life events give rise to social exclusion in these women’s life. Avoiding social unification and negative attitudes are two major consequences of this issue which strengthen this phenomenon. The final and central aspect which encompasses the entire process of social exclusion has been presented as norm-bonded failure. In terms of ways by which social exclusion happens, there are delicate forms of disgrace and deprivation in poor women's life which are not identifiable through quantitative or economical approaches.
Sociology
Omid Qaderzadeh; Seyede Chiman Hosseini
Abstract
The origins of sports traditionally dates back to its practice encouraged by religion, custom or militancy, and, therefore, was considered a wholly masculine practice. Due to the inextricable link between sports and body management, nowadays, leisure and health have transcended their meaning beyond a ...
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The origins of sports traditionally dates back to its practice encouraged by religion, custom or militancy, and, therefore, was considered a wholly masculine practice. Due to the inextricable link between sports and body management, nowadays, leisure and health have transcended their meaning beyond a certain gender and, consequently, sports has become a wholly ordinary practice for women. To attain an insight into the women’s experience and understanding of sports, this research conducted a semi-structural interview with 30 samples of women with sports experience, using a Grounded Theory method. The results show that the practice of sports by women is chiefly due to their concern about the maintenance of symmetry in the spatial-locative context and body fitness.Incidentally, striving for equality, maintaining an idealistic view of the body as a facilitating element, and the widespread broadcast of sports and its popularization have also been contributing factors.The meaningful implications of women’s appreciation of sports include their consciousness towards sports (sports as a functional identity), deconstruction of the social strata, body symmetry and pleasure. The research concludes that sports has offered women social acceptance, the opportunity to rethink and transcend physical and psychological well-being.
