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کار و خانه: پدیدارشناسی تجربۀ زیسته و روایت زنان شاغل از کار خانگی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

با وجود تغییرات گستردۀ اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی در دهه‌های اخیر، کار خانگی همچنان به‌عنوان وظیفۀ اصلی و هنجار فرهنگی برای بسیاری از زنان، حتی زنان شاغل باقی مانده است. مسئولیت‌های اجتماعی و خانوادگی این گروه از زنان، تأثیرات عمیقی بر کیفیت زندگی شخصی و حرفه‌ای، رضایت‌مندی و سلامت روانی و اجتماعی آنان دارد. در این چارچوب، پژوهش حاضر به شیوۀ پدیدارشناسانه، تجربۀ زیسته و روایت زنان شاغل از کار خانگی و نحوۀ مواجهۀ آن با دوگانگی نقش و پیامدهای آن را بررسی می‌کند. بیان نظری موضوع با ارجاع به نظریۀ نقش‌های اجتماعی، تعارض نقشی و تحلیل و تفسیر نظریۀ فمینیستی از نابرابری جنسیتی صورت‌بندی شد. از نظر روش، این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی پدیدارشناسی تفسیری و با استفاده از تکنیک مصاحبۀ عمیق با 15 نفر از زنان شاغل در بخش دولتی و خصوصی شهر مریوان که به شیوۀ هدفمند و نظری انتخاب شدند، به اجرا درآمد. یافته‌ها نشان داد «خانه‌داری به‌مثابۀ یک مسئولیت گریزناپذیر» بخشی از هویت اجتماعی دوگانۀ زنان شاغل تلقی می‌شود. درنتیجه این موقعیت متضاد آن‌ها با تجربۀ «فشار نقش و رنج‌های دوگانه‌کاری» مواجه هستند. یافته‌ها همچنین بیانگر این است که کار خانگی اگرچه به‌عنوان تکلیف زنانه تحت سیطرۀ «سنت‌های مردسالارانه» به زنان تحمیل می‌شود، اما در مقابل اشتغال برای آنان انتخابی آزادانه و به‌مثابۀ «ابزاری برای مقاومت» عمل می‌کند. تغییر در موقعیت زنان مستلزم تحقق برابری جنسیتی از طریق گام‌های تدریجی به‌سوی تغییر ساختار و فرهنگ مشارکتی و برابری‌خواهانه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Work and Home: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences and Narratives of Employed Women on Domestic Work

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Shiri 1
  • Yaghoub Ahmadi 2
  • Bahar Shariati 3
  • Leila Khodavirdi 3

1 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.

2 Full Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.

3 MA, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Payam-e Noor, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Despite extensive social, economic, and cultural changes in recent decades, domestic work remains the primary responsibility and cultural norm for many women, including those who are employed. The personal and professional quality of life, satisfaction, and mental and social well-being of working women are significantly influenced by their social and familial obligations. The present study employs a phenomenological approach to investigate the lived experiences and narratives of employed women in relation to domestic work, their navigation of role duality, and its repercussions within this framework. The theoretical context is based on feminist interpretations of gender inequality, role conflict, and social roles. This research employs a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with 15 employed women from the public and private sectors in the city of Marivan (Iran). The women were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. The results indicate that, for employed women, “domestic work as an inescapable responsibility” is a dual social identity. As a result, this paradoxical situation subjects them to “the responsibilities of dual labor and role strain.” The findings also emphasize that domestic work is imposed on women as a feminine obligation under the reign of “patriarchal traditions,” whereas employment is perceived as a deliberate and autonomous “tool for resistance.” Improving the conditions of women necessitates the realization of gender equality through gradual steps toward structural reform and the cultivation of a collaborative and egalitarian culture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Domestic work
  • Employed women
  • Gender inequality
  • Housework
  • Patriarchy
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دوره 23، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 91-118
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