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نقش آزادسازی تجاری در تغییر الگوی اشتغال زنان روستایی در ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصادکشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دکتری گروه اقتصادکشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد تمام گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

آزادسازی تجاری از عوامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار بر ساختار بازار کار است که می‌تواند الگوی اشتغال زنان روستایی را متحول کند. درک تأثیرات آن بر مشارکت اقتصادی این گروه، به‌دلیل نقش مهم آنان در تولید و معیشت روستایی، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر آزادسازی تجاری بر نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی در ایران است. این مطالعه تحلیلی-کاربردی است و با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های سری زمانی 1400-1377 انجام شده است. داده‌های مورد استفاده از منابع آماری معتبر گردآوری و با استفاده از مدل ARDL تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. مطابق نتایج، در بلندمدت آزادسازی تجاری تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی زنان روستایی دارد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که توسعۀ تجارت می‌تواند با گسترش بازارهای صادراتی، افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری و ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی جدید، زمینۀ اشتغال پایدار برای زنان روستایی را فراهم کند. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان داد رشد بخش کشاورزی تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر اشتغال زنان دارد؛ درحالی‌که افزایش جمعیت روستایی دارای اثر منفی بر مشارکت اقتصادی است. علاوه‌براین، در کوتاه‌مدت، تأثیر آزادسازی تجاری بر نرخ مشارکت زنان روستایی معنی‌دار نبود که نشان‌دهندۀ لزوم تطبیق ساختارهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی برای بهره‌گیری از فرصت‌های تجاری است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که آزادسازی تجاری می‌تواند با گسترش بازارهای صادراتی، جذب سرمایه‌گذاری و ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی جدید، بستر اشتغال پایدار زنان روستایی را فراهم آورد. براین‌اساس، سیاست‌گذاران باید بر توسعۀ مهارت‌های شغلی، بهبود زیرساخت‌های ارتباطی و مالی، و ارائۀ تسهیلات حمایتی برای تسهیل حضور زنان روستایی در بازارهای بین‌المللی تمرکز کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Trade Liberalization in Changing Employment Patterns of Rural Women in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Karami 1
  • Mohammad Ali Asaadi 2
  • Sadegh Khalilian 3

1 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD Graduate in Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Full Professor of Agricultural Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Trade Liberalization is a key factor influencing labor market structure that can transform the employment patterns of rural women. The significance of this group's involvement in rural production and livelihoods underscores the necessity of comprehending its impact on their economic participation. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on the economic participation rate of rural women in Iran. This study is of an analytical-applied type and was conducted using time series data from 1998 to 2021. The ARDL model was employed to analyze the data, which were collected from reputable statistical sources. The results suggest that, in the long-run, economic participation rate of rural women is positively and significantly impacted by increased trade liberalization. This is due to the fact that trade development can establish a foundation for sustainable employment by expanding export markets, increasing investment, and creating new job opportunities. The findings also indicated that the employment of women is positively influenced by the expansion of the agricultural sector, whereas their participation is adversely affected by an increase in the rural population. Furthermore, the short-term impact of Trade Liberalization was negligible, suggesting that economic and social structures must be adjusted to capitalize on trade opportunities. The results indicate that trade development can establish a foundation for the sustainable employment of rural women by expanding markets, attracting investment, and generating job opportunities. Accordingly, policymakers should prioritize the provision of supportive facilities, the enhancement of communication and financial infrastructure, and the development of occupational skills to enable rural women to participate in international markets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ARDL Model
  • Rural Women
  • Trade Liberalization
  • Women's Economic Participation
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دوره 23، شماره 2
مرداد 1404
صفحه 313-334
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