شکنندگی سیاست‌های جنسیتی در ایران دورۀ پهلوی دوم: تحلیلی از حق رأی زنان و قانون حمایت خانواده براساس نظریۀ انطباق مسئله‌محور (PDIA)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حکمرانی فرهنگی-اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری حکمرانی جمعیت و خانواده، دانشکدۀ حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اصلاحات حقوقی حوزۀ زنان در دورۀ پهلوی دوم، از جمله اعطای حق رأی در سال ۱۳۴۲ و تصویب قوانین حمایت از خانواده در ۱۳۴۶ و ۱۳۵۳، در چارچوب پروژۀ مدرنیزاسیون دولتی و با هدف ارتقای موقعیت سیاسی و اجتماعی زنان اجرا شد. بااین‌حال، این مداخلات نتوانست به مشارکت معنادار یا نهادینه‌سازی پایدار حقوق زنان بینجامد و بخش قابل‌توجهی از دستاوردهای آن پس از انقلاب ۱۳۵۷ بازگشت‌پذیر شد. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از نظریۀ «انطباق رفت‌وبرگشتی مسئله‌محور (PDIA)» علل این ناکامی را در سطوح فرایندی و ساختاری بررسی می‌کند. در این مسیر با رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل تاریخی–تطبیقی، داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل اسناد حقوقی، مشروح مذاکرات قانون‌گذاری و منابع تاریخی گردآوری و با کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد اصلاحات مزبور به‌جای اتکا بر مسئله‌محوری، بر تقلید شکلی از الگوهای غربی، اجرای سریع و بالا به پایین و نبود مشارکت واقعی ذی‌نفعان متکی بوده‌اند و به‌دلیل بی‌توجهی به زمینه‌های فرهنگی–اجتماعی و ضعف ظرفیت‌سازی نهادی، پشتوانۀ تثبیت‌کننده نداشته‌اند. تحلیل حاضر نشان می‌دهد پایداری اصلاحات جنسیتی نیازمند طراحی مبتنی بر شناسایی دقیق مسئله، بومی‌سازی تدریجی راهکارها، بهره‌گیری از بازخورد مستمر و تقویت ظرفیت‌های حکمرانی است؛ رویکردی که می‌تواند از تکرار شکست اصلاحات نمایشی جلوگیری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Fragility of Gender Policies in Second Pahlavi Iran: An Analysis of Women’s Suffrage and Family Protection Law Based on PDIA Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fateme Zeynodini 1
  • Zahra Abbaspour 2
1 Assistant Professor, Socio-Cultural Governance Department, Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate, Population and Family Governance, Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Legal reforms pertaining to women during the Second Pahlavi era, including the granting of suffrage in 1963 and the enactment of Family Protection Laws in 1967 and 1974, were implemented as part of the state-driven modernization initiative, with the goal of enhancing the political and social status of women. Nevertheless, these interventions did not result in substantial engagement or the enduring institutionalization of women’s rights. A considerable portion of their accomplishments was subsequently nullified following the 1979 Revolution.
This research, employing the Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) theory, examines the underlying causes of this failure at both the procedural and structural levels. The present study utilizes a qualitative approach alongside a historical-comparative method. Data were collected through the analysis of legal documents, detailed legislative deliberations, and historical sources, and were analyzed employing open, axial, and selective coding techniques.
The findings indicate that these reforms relied on the formal replication of Western models, swift top-down execution, and an absence of authentic stakeholder engagement, rather than being driven by underlying issues. Owing to the neglect of socio-cultural contexts and the deficiencies in institutional capacity-building, they lacked essential stabilizing support. This analysis suggests that the sustainability of gender reforms depends on a framework that emphasizes accurate problem identification, phased implementation of solutions, ongoing feedback mechanisms, and the enhancement of governance capabilities.
This proposed approach has the potential to avert the recurrence of the failure cycle commonly associated with performative reforms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pahlavi II Era
  • Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation
  • Women’s Suffrage
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