جنسیت و خانوادۀ ایرانی: راهبرد‌های زنانۀ نگهداشت زندگی خانوادگی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار جامعه‌شناسی، گروه مطالعات زن و خانواده، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران.

چکیده

حفظ زندگی خانوادگی همواره از مناظر گوناگون موضوع مطالعه بوده است. از جملۀ آن‌ها راهبرد‌های زنانۀ نگهداشت خانواده مبتنی بر تجویزهای جنسیتی به زن در سه موقعیت زنانگی، همسرانگی و مادرانگی است. این نوشتار با هدف کشف این راهبرد‌ها، به روش نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد و در گفت‌وگو با پانزده زن متأهل انجام شده است. مشارکت‌کنندگان طبق اصول نمونه‌گیری نظری انتخاب شدند و همگی دارای حداقل یک تجربۀ ازدواج، متأهل در زمان مصاحبه، شاغل و خانه‌دار، و مادر بودند و در شرایط خودگزارشی متفاوتی از رضایت قرار داشتند. مدت ازدواج آنان سه تا سی سال بوده است. تحلیل و بررسی متن گفت‌وگوها بیانگر آن است که راهبرد محوری زنان متأهل حذف خود به نفع زندگی خانوادگی است. این راهبرد محوری به سه زیرراهبرد دیگر، شامل راهبرد‌های برون‌فردی (تجویز ساختارها و نهادهای محافظ خانواده مانند دین و فرهنگ)، راهبرد‌های زنانه به‌عنوان همسر (استفاده از ظرفیت‌های همسرانگی) و راهبرد‌های معطوف و مربوط به مرد (اولویت‌بخشیدن به ترجیحات و درخواست‌های شوهر) است. حذف خود به نفع زندگی به معنای چشم‌پوشی از هویت فردی و زنانگی در درجات لازم و اولویت‌بخشیدن به هویت همسری و مادری است. به این ترتیب زن تلاش می‌کند به همسر مطلوب شوهر و مادر ایدئال فرزندان تبدیل ‌شود. زن-همسر-مادر، در این رویه زندگی خانوادگی را در معنای روابط همسرانۀ باکیفیت، جلب رضایت شوهر، مدیریت مناسبات والدین و فرزندان، به‌ویژه حفظ جایگاه پدر نزد آنان و مدیریت بحران‌ها پایدار نگاه می‌دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Gender and the Iranian Family: Feminine Strategies for Sustaining Family Life

نویسنده [English]

  • Somayeh Arab Khorasani
Assistant Professor, Woman & Family Studies Departmanet, Faculty of Sociology, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Diverse objectives and multiple perspectives have been employed to resolve the preservation of family life. A perspective that emphasizes family maintenance strategies is rooted in gender-prescriptive expectations that are imposed on women within the gendered and mono-sex–oriented institution of the family. The objective of this investigation is to examine the strategies of 15 married women through semi-structured interviews, utilizing a grounded theory approach. The participants were married at the time of the interviews and were selected through theoretical sampling.The sample was designed to represent the diversity of marital conditions and the sex composition of children, and it included both employed women and caregivers. The duration of marriage among participants varied from three to thirty years. According to the interview data analysis, married women prioritize family life over their own identity. The core strategy is comprised of three interrelated subsidiary strategies: extra-individual strategies, which involve the mobilization of spousal capacities to align with and support the husband; feminine strategies as wives, which involve the mobilization of spousal capacities to support the husband; and husband-oriented strategies, which are characterized by prioritizing the husband’s preferences and demands. These strategies are designed to support the preservation of the family. The Elimination of the Self entails the partial renunciation of one's individual identity and femininity, as well as the prioritization of conjugal and maternal identities. While maintaining family life through high-quality spousal relations, securing the husband’s satisfaction, managing parent-child relationships—particularly preserving the father’s position in the eyes of children—and managing family crises, women strive to become the husband's desired spouse and the children's ideal mother by going through this process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gender
  • Family
  • Femininity
  • Institution
  • Masculinity
  • Structure

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زن در توسعه و سیاست
دوره 24، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 245-263

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