نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
از اواسط قرن بیست میلادی، به‌دنبال فراگیری فرایند جهانی‌شدن و فرهنگ سیاسی دموکراتیک، غالب مردم و زنان امکان مشارکت سیاسی مؤثر و ورود به سیاست را یافتند؛ به‌ویژه از قرن بیست‌ویکم، روند افزایش حضور زنان در سیاست به‌عنوان پدیده‌ای کلی در حال گسترش بوده است. با توجه به نقش مشارکت سیاسی زنان در سطوح عالی جهت اعتلای جایگاه و حقوق آنان، این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی به شیوۀ گردآوری اسنادی و تحلیل و مقایسۀ برخی آمارها، درصدد پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که با عنایت به روند وضعیت جهانی حضور زنان در مناصب سیاسی، وضعیت حضور زنان در مناصب ایران و امکانات و موانع مربوط، چگونه است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که ایران از نظر زیرشاخص توانمندسازی سیاسی، حتی نسبت به بسیاری از نظام‌های محافظه‌کار منطقه، در جایگاه نامناسبی قرار دارد و بنا به افزایش ثبت‌نام زنان ایرانی در انتخابات و افزایش سطح تحصیلات و تلاش ایشان برای ورود به سیاست و با توجه به فراگیری فرهنگ سیاسی دموکراتیک در عصر ارتباطات، با افزایش تقاضای زنان برای نقش‌آفرینی در عرصۀ سیاسی مواجه خواهیم شد. در این راستا، باید بر امکاناتی از قبیل تحصیلات تکمیلی زنان در رشته‌های مرتبط با مدیریت سیاسی، سابقۀ تصدی مناصب میانی و... تکیه کرد. همچنین باید با اتخاذ تدابیر حمایتی نظام در راستای افزایش سهم زنان در مناصب و بهبود وجه بین‌المللی کشور، فرهنگ‌سازی در راستای نمایاندن عرصۀ سیاست به‌عنوان عرصۀ حضور دو جنس و افزایش خودباوری زنان، از تأثیر موانع دستیابی زنان ایرانی به مناصب سیاسی کاست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Analysis of the Situation of Presence of Women in Political Positions in the Contemporary World and Iran (from the third decade of the 21st century)
نویسندگان [English]
- Hoda sadat Vaezi
- Ali Alihosseini
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Although in the history of mankind, various experiences of the presence of women in the fields of power and politics in various positions have been recorded, such as; the head of the tribe in matriarchal tribes, the viceroy, the ministry, even in some cases the queen & first person of the empire & becoming an admiral and becoming a general (for example in the Sasanian and Achaemenid periods) but until the 19th century and before the growth & expansion of democracy in the world; Most of the women were prevented from participating in various fields, as well as from effective and excellent participation in politics. From the middle of the twentieth century; due to the pervasiveness of the process of globalization & democratic political culture, the majority of people & women were able to participate effectively in politics & enter politics. Especially since the 21st century; the increasing presence of women in politics has been expanding as a pervasive process. According to this point that the arenas of human life include political, economic, social & cultural fields and considering that the most effective component of power is the political arena; it can be said: Politics is the most important field of human life and Politics affects the social, economic & even cultural fields. Because political power has the final role of determining, controlling, managing and making decisions. For this reason; participation in political power & attaining political positions have always been very important for people including women. So it should be noted that the presence of women in political positions (achieving political power) is very important. Women's presence on the political positions is strategic importance for considering women's rights at the time of legislation & policy-making and benefiting from female potential in the field of social political management. Therefore; this descriptive-analytical study by document collection method and analysis of some statistics and analogy; tries to answer this question “Given the global trend of women in political positions, What is the status of women in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran and What are the possibilities & opportunities for Iranian women to participate in political positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. The results show that Iran is in a bad position in terms of the global sub-index (Sub-index of political empowerment) even compared to many countries in its region. Also, the research results show that in the future, due to the growing efforts of Iranian women for political participation at the level of the power elite) for example; increasing registration & application & candidacy in the elections of the Islamic Council, the elections of the Assembly Experts & the presidential elections(, considering to increase the level of education of Iranian women) to increase the ranking of Iran in the global index of Educational Attainment(and especially with regard to the globalization process & spreading democratic political culture in the age of communication; the demand of Iranian women to play an effective role in political power & attaining political positions will increase a lot. In order to respond to the demand of elite Iranian women to reach political positions, these important facilities should be emphasized: A history of suitable high university education of Iranian women in fields that related to social political management & political positions (political science, public administration, policy making, law, political sociology, etc.), Realization of the minimum political work experience of women to achieve political positions after four decades of the stability of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Accepting the presence of women in the field of political power by the transitioning society of Iran and The hidden potential of the ideal of the Islamic revolution about the opposition to the instrumental view of capitalism on female gender & the claim about paying special attention to the dignity of women in the main discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is necessary to reduced the impact of barriers for Iranian women to access political positions with some solutions, for example: political system support measures to increase the share of women in political positions & improve the international image of the Islamic Republic of Iran, culture-creating (culturalization) to show the political field with the image of female & male presence and increasing women's self-confidence.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Gender Gap
- Globalization
- Iran
- Politics
- Women
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