نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سیما رییسی ¹
• حسین تفضلی ¹
• محمد توحیدفام ¹
• احمدرضا طاهری ²

¹ گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

² گروه علوم سیاسی، مسائل ایران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

در هر جامعه‌ای، مشارکت سیاسی گروه‌های اجتماعی بر پایۀ ساختارهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی آن جامعه شکل می‌گیرد که مشارکت را معقول یا سنتی می‌کند. مشارکت سیاسی زنان بلوچ نیز بر همین پایه شکل گرفته است. در مطالعۀ پیش‎‌رو با نگاهی به این پرسش که نظام قشربندی بلوچستان، چگونه مشارکت سیاسی زنان بلوچ را تحت‌الشعاع قرار داده است، مشارکت سیاسی زنان بلوچ با توجه به قشربندی‌های اجتماعی بررسی می‌شود. این پژوهش با روش زمینه‌ای و تکنیک مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته و نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، دربارۀ یازده زن و مرد بلوچ انجام گرفت. اهداف عمدۀ پژوهش عبارت‌اند از گره‌گشایی مسائل و معضلات مشارکت سیاسی منطقۀ بلوچستان، شناسایی تأثیر عملکرد مشارکت سیاسی بر فرایند قشربندی اجتماعی سیستان و بلوچستان و دستیابی به راهکارهایی عملی و دقیق برای مشارکت سیاسی زنان استان تا در راهبردها و چشم‌اندازهای توسعه‌ای کشور به‌کار گرفته شود. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد مشارکت سیاسی زنان بلوچ تحت‌الشعاع قشربندی‌های اجتماعی بلوچستان قرار گرفته است. با وجود اینکه عوامل زمینه‌ای مانند مردسالاری، جامعه‌پذیری جنسیتی، انگاره‌های مذهبی و پیشینه‌های تاریخی و ذهنی مشابه هستند، مشارکت زنان با توجه به قشربندی‌های اجتماعی هر بخش از منطقۀ بلوچستان شکل گرفته است. قشربندی‌های اجتماعی عبارت‌اند از: قشربندی طایفه‌ای در شمال بلوچستان، قشربندی کاست طبقاتی در مرکز و جنوب بلوچستان، و قشربندی اقتصادی و طایفه‌ای در ساحل بلوچستان. این قشربندی‌ها درمجموع، نه‌تنها بر مشارکت سیاسی زنان، بلکه بر مشارکت همۀ مردم منطقه تأثیر گذاشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• روش زمینه‌ای
• زنان بلوچ
• قشربندی‌های اجتماعی
• گذشته‌گرایی
• مشارکت سیاسی

20.1001.1.25383132.1402.21.1.4.0

موضوعات

• علوم سیاسی
• مطالعات زنان

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of Baloch Women's Political Participation According to the Social Stratification of Baluchistan

نویسندگان [English]

• sima raeisi ¹
• Hosein Tafazzoli ¹
• Mohammad Tohidfam ¹
• Ah,madreza Taheri ²

¹ Department of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the present question, how has the Baluchistan stratification system brought the political participation of Baluch women under its radius? It was tried to study the political participation of Baluch women according to social stratification. The current research was conducted with a contextual method, as well as with a semi-structured interview technique and targeted sampling of eleven Baluch men and women.
The main goals of the research are to untangle the issues and problems of political participation in Baluchistan region. Identifying the effect of political participation on the social stratification process of Sistan and Baluchistan and finding practical and precise solutions for the political participation of women in the province to be used in the development strategies and prospects of the country.
The findings of the research show that the political participation of Baluch women has been under the influence of social stratification in Baluchistan. Despite the fact that the background factors such as: patriarchy, gender socialization, religious concepts and historical and mental backgrounds are similar, but women's participation has been formed according to the social stratifications of each part of Baluchistan region. According to social stratifications, including: tribal stratification in northern Baluchistan, caste stratification in central and southern Baluchistan, and economic and tribal stratification in coastal Baluchistan, which affects the political participation of not only women but all the people of the region.
This means that the political participation of women in the Baluchistan region in terms of qualitative understanding of this participation, has become a collective action by the influential and superior classes in this region.
Based on the contextual method and the central phenomenon obtained, i.e. "retrospection", the social stratification of the Baluchistan region, despite technological, educational developments, etc., is still based on its previous social stratifications, and there has been little change in the social stratifications of Baluchistan region.
On the other hand, such a tendency towards the past in the cultural structure of Baluchistan has caused the lack of meritocracy in political and social competitions; For example, the education and expertise of the candidates and participants does not play a significant role in the political equations of Baluchistan. Based on this,. In fact, we see a back-and-forth relationship between these two concepts, which fulfill each other in a vicious circle.
Although this research was conducted to investigate the political participation of Baluch women, the results of the qualitative research that focused on the hidden and more complex aspects of this participation described a model of participation that gives meaning not only to women, but also to the whole of political participation in Baluchistan society. In this context, women's participation is not based on their gender, but on the basis of belonging to certain classes and in some cases even as a tool at the disposal of that class.
According to the categories of the research, which have progressed towards becoming richer and broader explanations during the analysis of qualitative data, it seems that the social stratification of Baluchistan is based on "tribe" and "caste" in the form of retrospection, and the equations Power and political participation in the Baluchistan region are organized within its framework; As according to the originality of collectivism and the negation of individualism, patriarchy, inner self, etc., women and men of caste and class participate in maintaining the unity of the caste and class and its domination over other castes and classes, and for this purpose, They use their own special tools. Despite the fact that democratic tools such as: elections have existed in this region since the Pahlavi period, but sects and classes used it for sect and class interests, which during the periods of holding elections for the Islamic Council and the City and Village Councils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Contextual Method
• Baluch Women
• Retrospection
• Social Stratification
• Political Participation