نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• جمال محمدی ¹
• فاطمه بازگیر ²

¹ عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه کردستان

² کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

تلاش این پژوهش مطالعۀ کیفی تجارب زیستۀ زنان سالمند از طرد اجتماعی در سرای سالمندان شهر خرم‌آباد است. برای نیل به این هدف، از نظریۀ زمینه‌ای استفاده شده تا علل، شرایط مداخله‌گر و پیامدهای تجربۀ طرد اجتماعیِ زنانِ سالمند به‌شیوه‌ای ژرف‌نگرانه واکاوی شود. سوژه‌ها به شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از میان ساکنین سرای سالمندان حاج صدیق و فرزانگان شهر خرم-آباد انتخاب شده‌اند و با آن‌ها مصاحبۀ عمیق فردی انجام شده است. نتایج تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها بیانگر آن است که نابرخورداری زنان از پایگاه اقتصادیِ مستقل (نداشتن پشتوانۀ مالی و ازدست‌دادن توان کار)، افول همبستگی‌های سنتی در خانواده (زوال اقتدار مادرانگی، شکاف نسلی و رشد فردگرایی) و دگردیسی سبک‌های زندگی (تغییر نوع و چیدمان وسایل خانگی، تغییر معنای کار خانگی و سیطرۀ مناسبات جنسیتی) اصلی‌ترین شرایطی‌اند که خانواده‌ها در بستر آن‌ها تصمیم می‌گیرند زنان سالمند را به سرای سالمندان تحویل بدهند. این شرایط علی، به‌موازات تداوم سکونت و زیست زنان در سرای سالمندان، به‌میانجی برخی شرایط مداخله‌گر به عوامل شکل‌دهندۀ تجربۀ طردشدگی زنان سالمند بدل می‌شوند. بدبینی مفرط (کاهش اعتماد به جامعه، حالت شکنندگی درونی) و احساس تنهایی (حسرت روابط گذشته، احساس فراموش‌شدگی) دو مورد از مهم‌ترین شرایط مداخله‌گری هستند که مجرای اثرگذاری شرایط علی بوده و زنان سالمند را به‌تدریج در وضعیتی ذهنی ـ روانی فرو می‌برند که پیامدهایی اساسی برای آن‌ها و تأثیر عمیقی بر شخصیت‌شان دارد. بدین معنا که در پی اثرگذاری این دو نوع شرایط آن‌چه در سرای سالمندان عاید زنان می‌شود احساس کنده‌شدن از جهان زندگی و افتادن در فرایند مرگ تدریحی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• طرد اجتماعی
• زنان سالمند
• شکاف نسلی

موضوعات

• جامعه شناسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Elderly women and the experience of social exclusion (Case study: women living in nursing house of Khorramabad city)

نویسنده [English]

• Fateme Bazgir ²

¹ Professor of sociology at university of kurdestan

² M.A. Graduate of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This qualitative research attempts to study the lived experiences of elderly women living in nursing houses of Khorramabad city in the field of social exclusion. To do this, we have used grounded theory to analyze the causal conditions, intervening conditions and consequences of elderly women’s lived experiences of social exclusion in a deep way. The subjects were selected through purposeful sampling from the residents of Haj Seddique and Farzanegan nursing house in Khorramabad city. The data were gathered by way of deep semi-structured interview. The findings show that the causal conditions of social exclusions are: women’s lack of independent economic status (lack of financial support and loss of ability to work), decline of traditional solidarity in the family (decline of mothers’ authority, generational gap, the growth of individualism) and the transformation of lifestyles (transformation of home’s equipment, semantic change of family labor and the domination of gender bias). These causal conditions are activated through some intervening conditions such as: extreme pessimism and feeling of loneliness. The first one is characterized by mistrust in society and internal vulnerability; and the second factor can be observed in nostalgia for a golden past and the feeling of being forgotten. These two causal and intervening conditions, together, have strong consequences on the life and personality of elderly women, so that they feel that they are dis-embedded from the life-world and thrown into the way of gradual death. That is why they represent some symptoms such as silence/ aggressiveness, feeling of rootlessness and self-illness. Or, they believe in extreme fatalism and dying experiences. In a short way, we can say that living in nursing homes in Khorramabad city, which is semi-traditional and semi-modern, imply one main point: being cut off from the lifeworld and accepting gradual death. This qualitative research attempts to study the lived experiences of elderly women living in nursing houses of Khorramabad city in the field of social exclusion. To do this, we have used grounded theory to analyze the causal conditions, intervening conditions and consequences of elderly women’s lived experiences of social exclusion in a deep way. The subjects were selected through purposeful sampling from the residents of Haj Seddique and Farzanegan nursing house in Khorramabad city. The data were gathered by way of deep semi-structured interview. The findings show that the causal conditions of social exclusions are: women’s lack of independent economic status (lack of financial support and loss of ability to work), decline of traditional solidarity in the family (decline of mothers’ authority, generational gap, the growth of individualism) and the transformation of lifestyles (transformation of home’s equipment, semantic change of family labor and the domination of gender bias). These causal conditions are activated through some intervening conditions such as: extreme pessimism and feeling of loneliness. The first one is characterized by mistrust in society and internal vulnerability; and the second factor can be observed in nostalgia for a golden past and the feeling of being forgotten. These two causal and intervening conditions, together, have strong consequences on the life and personality of elderly women, so that they feel that they are dis-embedded from the life-world and thrown into the way of gradual death. That is why they represent some symptoms such as silence/ aggressiveness, feeling of rootlessness and self-illness. Or, they believe in extreme fatalism and dying experiences. In a short way, we can say that living in nursing homes in Khorramabad city, which is semi-traditional and semi-modern, imply one main point: being cut off from the lifeworld and accepting gradual death. This qualitative research attempts to study the lived experiences of elderly women living in nursing houses of Khorramabad city in the field of social exclusion. To do this, we have used grounded theory to analyze the causal conditions, intervening conditions and consequences of elderly women’s lived experiences of social exclusion in a deep way. The subjects were selected through purposeful sampling from the residents of Haj Seddique and Farzanegan nursing house in Khorramabad city. The data were gathered by way of deep semi-structured interview. The findings show that the causal conditions of social exclusions are: women’s lack of independent economic status (lack of financial support and loss of ability to work), decline of traditional solidarity in the family (decline of mothers’ authority, generational gap, the growth of individualism) and the transformation of lifestyles (transformation of home’s equipment, semantic change of family labor and the domination of gender bias). These causal conditions are activated through some intervening conditions such as: extreme pessimism and feeling of loneliness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• social exclusion
• elderly women
• generational gap