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حق زنان بر برابری دستمزد در آینۀ عدالت جنسیتی با تأکید بر نظام حقوقی ایران و اسناد بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در عرصۀ جهانی، پیشرفت‌های قابل‌توجهی در پیشبرد حقوق زنان و مشارکت برابر آن‌ها در بازار کار و فعالیت‌های اقتصادی صورت گرفته است. بااین‌حال، درحالی‌که دستمزد برابر مردان و زنان به‌طور گسترده از سوی مراجع بین‌المللی تأیید شده، اجرای آن در عمل دشوار بوده است. طبق اعلان سازمان ملل، شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد در سطح جهانی حدود 20 درصد برآورد شده است. نابرابری دستمزد صرفاً موضوع مطرحی در حوزۀ عدالت جنسیتی نیست، بلکه موضوعی است که پیامدهای گسترده‌ای برای جوامع و اقتصاد آن‌ها دارد و از جمله اولویت‌های نظام بین‌الملل و کشورها برای تحقق توسعه است. با توجه به اهمیت پرداختن به جایگاه حق برابری بر دستمزد در نظام حقوقی بین‌الملل و ایران، در این پژوهش با تکیه بر اسناد و متون حقوقی، به این پرسش پاسخ داده می‌شود که آیا در نظام حقوق بین‌الملل و حقوق داخلی ایران، در خصوص حق بر برابری دستمزد، ضوابط مناسبی پیش‌بینی شده است. برآیند پژوهش حاکی از عملکرد نسبتاً مترقی نظام حقوقی بین‌الملل در به‌رسمیت‌شناختن حق و قاعده‌گذاری در این زمینه است، اما تحقق این برابری نیازمند اقدامات عملی مؤثر است. در حقوق ایران، این حق به‌موجب قوانین استخدامی و مقررات حاکم بر قراردادهای کار به رسمیت شناخته شده و بعضاً ضمانت اجرای مناسب تمهید شده است. بااین‌حال هنوز خلأهایی در این زمینه وجود دارد؛ بنابراین ضروری است برای پیشرفت در تحقق کامل این حق، کوشش‌های بیشتری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Women's Right to Equal Pay in the Mirror of Gender Justice with Emphasis on Iran's Legal System and International Documents

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Marandi 1
  • Zahra Sadat Hejazi 2

1 Assistant Profesor of the Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Master Student, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Considerable advancements have been achieved on an international level with regard to the promotion of women's rights and their equitable engagement in economic activities and the labour market. However, despite the widespread endorsement of equal pay for men and women by international authorities, its practical application has proven to be challenging. The United Nations has reported that an estimation places the global gender wage disparity at 20%. In addition to being a concern within the realm of gender justice, wage inequality has far-reaching implications for societies and their economies. Addressing this issue is a top priority for both the international community and developing nations. Given the significance of examining the status of the right to equal pay in both Iran and the international legal system, this study investigates the following question: “Are there suitable criteria for the right to equal pay in Iran's domestic law and the international legal system?” In providing an answer, legal documents and texts were consulted. The research findings suggest that the international legal system has made some progress in recognizing the right and establishing norms in this area; however, effective practical measures are necessary to achieve this equality. This right has been acknowledged in Iranian legislation through labor contract regulations and employment laws, and in certain instances, a guarantee of proper implementation has been established; however, deficiencies persist in this domain. Consequently, further endeavors appear imperative to advance the complete realization of this right.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Equal Pay
  • Gender Justice
  • International Law & Iran's Legal System
  • Labor Law
  • Women's Pay
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