ارائۀ ابزار اندازه‌گیری توانمندسازی زنان: مراحل و نتایج

اللهیاری, فاطمه; نوروزی سیدحسینی, رسول; احسانی, محمد; باقری راغب, قدرت اله

doi:10.22059/jwdp.2025.393294.1008537

ارائۀ ابزار اندازه‌گیری توانمندسازی زنان: مراحل و نتایج

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فاطمه اللهیاری ¹

رسول نوروزی سیدحسینی ²

محمد احسانی ³

قدرت اله باقری راغب ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

² دانشیار گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

³ استاد گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

⁴ دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwdp.2025.393294.1008537

چکیده

توانمندسازی زنان به‌عنوان محور توسعۀ پایدار، نیازمند ابزاری استاندارد برای سنجش ابعاد چندگانۀ آن است. این مقاله با هدف طراحی پرسشنامه‌ای روا و پایا برای سنجش توانمندسازی زنان ایرانی انجام گرفت. با بررسی پیشینۀ موضوع، مصاحبه و مشورت با متخصصان، پرسشنامه با ۳۷ گویه در هفت حوزۀ توانمندسازی روان‌شناختی، تصمیم‌گیری، اجتماعی، جنسیتی، اقتصادی، سلامت و رفاه و مدنی طراحی شد. سپس اعتبار سازۀ پرسشنامه با استفاده از تحلیل‌عاملی اکتشافی بررسی شد. نتایج، هفت زیرمقیاس را تأیید کرد که ۵۹ درصد از واریانس داده‌ها را تبیین کردند و ساختار منطقی ابزار را نشان دادند. درنهایت، پایایی پرسشنامه با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 83/0 برای کل مقیاس تأیید شد که حاکی از همسانی درونی مطلوب بود. استفاده از نمونۀ بزرگ و ترکیب روش‌های کیفی و کمی به افزایش اعتبار نتایج کمک کرد. ابزارهای موجود از توجه به ابعاد روانی-اجتماعی غافل‌اند و با بافت جوامع فارسی‌زبان تطابق ندارند، ولی این پرسشنامۀ جامع قادر است ابعاد پیچیدۀ توانمندسازی زنان را در بافت فرهنگی-اجتماعی ایران اندازه‌گیری کند و با شناسایی چالش‌های ساختاری از جمله موانع فرهنگی-اجتماعی، قوانین تبعیض‌آمیز و نبود ابزارهای چندبعدی بوم‌محور، قوت‌ها و ضعف‌های برنامه‌ها را شناسایی کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد این ابزار نه‌تنها برای ارزیابی وضعیت کنونی کاربرد دارد، بلکه شکاف موجود در ابزارهای پیشین را پر می‌کند و با شناسایی موانع زمینه‌ای، داده‌های لازم را برای اصلاح سیاست‌ها، طراحی مداخلات چندبعدی و پایش پیشرفت به‌سوی اهداف توسعۀ پایدار فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ابزار اندازه‌گیری

پرسشنامه

توانمندسازی

زنان

موضوعات

مطالعات زنان

عنوان مقاله English

Development of a Measurement Tool for Women’s Empowerment: Steps and Results

نویسندگان English

Fateme Allahyari ¹

Rasool Norouzi Seyyed Hossini ²

Mohammad Ehsani ³

Ghodratollah Bagheri Ragheb ⁴

¹ PhD Student, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor of Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Full Professor of Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Associate Professor of Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده English

Empowering women as a central pillar of sustainable development requires standardized tools to measure its multifaceted dimensions. The objective of this article was to develop a questionnaire that is both valid and dependable in assessing the empowerment of Iranian women. A questionnaire consisting of 37 items in seven domains (psychological, decisional, social, gender, economic, health and welfare, and civic empowerment) was designed. Subsequently, the construct validity of the questionnaire was examined using exploratory factor analysis. The instrument's logical structure was demonstrated by the results, which confirmed seven subscales that accounted for 59% of the variance in the data. Finally, the questionnaire’s reliability was verified by calculating a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83 for the entire scale, which suggests that the internal consistency is satisfactory. The validity of the results was enhanced by the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and the utilization of a large sample. This comprehensive questionnaire is capable of measuring the intricate dimensions of women's empowerment in the socio-cultural context of Iran, and by identifying structural challenges, such as socio-cultural barriers, discriminatory laws, and the absence of multi-dimensional, context-specific tools, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses of programs. In contrast, existing tools fail to consider psycho-social dimensions and are not tailored to the context of Persian-speaking societies. The results indicate that this instrument is not only suitable for evaluating the current situation, but it also addresses the gap in previous tools. By identifying the underlying obstacles, it provides the requisite data to revise policies, design multi-dimensional interventions, and monitor progress toward sustainable development goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Empowerment

Measurement

Questionnaire

Women

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