نوع مقاله : کاربردی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه کاشان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت اجرایی دانشگاه کاشان

چکیده

به‌رغم این واقعیت که پول در زندگی انسان‌ها نقشی مهم ایفا می‌کند و بر نگرش‌ها و رفتار آن‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد، تحقیقات تجربی اندکی به منظور بررسی عواملی مؤثر بر این نگرش‌ها صورت گرفته و روان‌شناسی پول و باورهای افراد نسبت به پول و سبک‌های رفتاری آن‌ها یکی از حوزه‌های مغفول علم روان‌شناسی و ارتباطات است. از سویی دیگر، با توجه به افزایش فرصت‌های اشتغال برای زنان و افزایش تمایل آن‌ها به درآمدزایی در سال‌های اخیر، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی نگرش‌های پولی زنان شاغل و غیرشاغل شهرستان کاشان و بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی و شخصیت بر این نگرش انجام گرفته است. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که زنان بررسی‌شده بیشتر به پول به‌عنوان یک منبع یا ابزار تأمین امنیت (و نه ابزار تأمین قدرت) نگاه می‌کنند و میزان پول به‌دست‌آمده را بازتاب تلاش و کوشش خود برای دستیابی به آن می‌دانند. همچنین، زنان شاغل بیش از زنان غیرشاغل قائل به نگهداری و حفظ پول و ناکافی‌بودن آن هستند. علاوه بر آن، زنان چهل‌ساله و بالاتر نسبت به زنان سایر گروه‌ها تمایل بیشتری به حفظ و نگهداری از پول دارند. همچنین، گروه درآمدی بالاتر به طور درخور توجهی درآمد و پول خود را حاصل تلاش و کوشش خود می‌دانند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی همبستگی ابعاد شخصیتی و نگرش پولی زنان نیز حاکی از وجود رابطه‌ای معنا‌دار ولی ضعیف بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Women’s Attitudes and Beliefs towards Money under the influence of Employment and Personality (Case: Employed and Unemployed Women in Kashan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Sadeqi Arani 1
  • Esmaeil Mazroui Nasrabadi 1
  • Mahdiyeh Moslehi Vadeghani 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Kashan University

2 Master of Executive Management, Kashan University

چکیده [English]

Despite the fact that money plays an important role in people lives, attitudes and behaviors, there are little empirical research to examine the factors influencing these attitudes and the beliefs of individuals about their money and their behavioral styles. The psychology of money is one of the neglected fields of the science of psychology and communication. On the other hand, with regards to the increased willingness of women to have a job in recent years, this study aims to explore the attitudes towards money in employed and unemployed women in Kashan city and examine the impact of demographic and personality traits on that. The results of this study show that women consider the money as a source of security, not power, and that the amount of money reflects their efforts for that. Also, tendency of employed women to retain money is more than that of unemployed women. In addition, women over 40 years are more likely than women in other groups for retention of money. Therefore, higher income groups significantly believe their income is reflecting their efforts. The results revealed significant but weak relationship between personality and money attitudes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women
  • Employed and Unemployed
  • Attitudes and Beliefs about Money
  • Personality
  • Kashan City
[1] خرمایی، فرهاد؛ فرمانی، اعظم (1393). «بررسی شاخص‌های روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامة پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت»، روش‌ها و مدل‌های روان‌شناختی، ش 16، ص29ـ40.
[2] فرزین‌فر، زهره؛ سعیدا اردکانی، سعید؛ الحسینی المدرسی، سیدمهدی (1395). «نقش نگرش پولی در خرید وسواسی جوانان»، پژوهش‌های مدیریت در ایران، س 20، ش2، ص 177ـ194.‎
[3] فرنهام، آدریان؛ آرگایل، مایکل (1384). روان‌شناسی پول، ترجمة شهلا یاسائی، تهران: جوانة رشد.
[4] کردی، حسین؛ هادی‌زاده، سکینه (1391). «بررسی سبک زندگی زنان شاغل و غیر‌شاغل»، فصل‌نامة علمی‌ـ پژوهشی زن و جامعه، س 3، ش4، ص 21ـ42.‎
[5] کوئن، بروس، (1372). مبانی جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمة غلام‌عباس توسلی و رضا فاضل، تهران: سمت.
[6] Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality, Oxford, England: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
[7] Bailey, W. C., and Jean M. L. (1993). “A cross‐cultural examination of the aetiology of attitudes towards money”. Journal of Consumer Studies & Home Economics, 17: PP 391-402.
[8] Cervone, D. and Lawrence A. P. (2016). Personality, binder ready version: theory and research. John Wiley & Sons.
[9] Costa, P. and McCrae R. (1987). “Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: is the bark worse than the bite?” Journal of personality, 55, (2): PP 299-316.
[10] Forman, N. (1987). Mind Over Money: How to Banish Your Financial Headaches and Achieve Moneysanity, Doubleday Canada; Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
[11] Foxall, G. R. (2005). Understanding Consumer Choice, UK, Palgrave Macmillan.
[12] Furnham, A. (1984). “Many sides of the coin: The psychology of money usage” Personality and individual Differences, 5 (5): PP 501-509.
[13] Goldberg, H. and Robert T. L. (1978). Money madness: The psychology of saving, spending, loving, and hating money, London, Springwood Books.
[14] Gresham, A. and Gwen F. (1989). “The differing attitudes of the sexes toward money: an application of the money attitude scale” Advances in marketing, 8: PP 380-384.
[15] Hanley, Alice, and Mari S. Wilhelm. (1992). “Compulsive buying: An exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes” Journal of economic Psychology, 13 (1): PP 5-18.
[16] Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
[17] John, O. P., Naumann, L.P., and Soto, C.J. (2008). “Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy” Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3 (2): PP 114-158.
[18] John, O.P. and Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives, Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (2d ed.) edited by L. Pervin and OP John. New York, Guilford Press.
[19] LePine, J. A. and Van Dyne, L. (2001). “Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability” Journal of applied psychology, 86 (2): PP 326-336.
[20] Lim, Vivien KG, and Thompson SH Teo. (1997). "Sex, money and financial hardship: An empirical study of attitudes towards money among undergraduates in Singapore.", journal of Economic Psychology, 18, no. 4: PP 369-386.
[21] Lim, Vivien KG, Thompson SH Teo, and Geok Leng Loo. (2003). “Sex, financial hardship and locus of control: an empirical study of attitudes towards money among Singaporean Chinese”, Personality and Individual Differences, 34 (3): PP 411-429.
[22] Masuo, D. M., Malroutu, Y. L., Hanashiro, R. and Hoon Kim J. (2004). “College students' money beliefs and behaviors: An Asian perspective”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25 (4): PP 469-481.
[23] McCrae, R. and Costa P.T. (1985). “Updating Norman's "adequacy taxonomy": Intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires”, Journal of personality and social psychology, 49 (3): PP 710-721.
[24] McCrae, R. and John O.P. (1992). “An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications”, Journal of personality, 60 (2): PP 175-215.
[25] Mihaly, Nikolett & Kovács, Ildikó & Madarász, Imre & Mészáros, Aranka. (2017). Correlations between attitude to money and demographic variables on a sample of university students. Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, 3: 55-74. 10.15688/re.volsu.2017.3.6.
[26] Mitchell, T. R., S. Dakin, A. Mickel, and S. Gray. (1998). “The measurement of money importance”, In annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Diego.
[27] Prince, M. (1991). “Gender and money attitudes of young adults”, gender and consumer behavior. ConferenceProceedings, (Ed. by J.A. Costa), Association for Consumer Research, Valdosta, GA: PP 284–291.
[28] Prince, M. (1993). “Women, men, and money styles”, Journal of economic Psychology, 14 (1): PP 175-182.
[29] Rim, Y. (1982). “Personality and attitudes connected with money”, Paper given at the Economic Psychology Conference.
[30] Roberts, J.A. and Jones E. (2001) “Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students”, Journal of consumer affairs, 35 (2): PP 213-240.
[31] Roberts, J. A., and Cesar J. S.M. (1999). “Demographics and money attitudes: a test of Yamauchi and Templers money attitude scale in Mexico”. Personality and individual Differences, 27 (1): PP 19-35.
[32] Rubinstein, C. R. (1981). “Survey report on money”, Psychology today, 15 (5): PP 29-44.
[33] Sabri, M. F., Hayhoe, C. R., & Goh Lay Ai. (2006). “Attitudes, values and belief towards money: gender and working sector comparison”, Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 14 (2): PP 121-130.
[34] Shafer, A.B. (2000). “Mediation of the Big Five’s effect on career decision making by life task dimensions and on money attitudes by materialism”, Personality and Individual Differences, 28 (1): PP 93-109.
[35] Simkiv, M. (2013). “Money attitude of Ukrainian young people: socio-demographic aspect”, Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2: PP 36-45.
[36] Schmitt, D. P, Allik, J., McCrae R. and Verónica B.M. (2007). “The Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits: Patterns and Profiles of Human Self-Description across 56 Nations”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38 (2): PP 173-212.
[37] Taneja, R. M. (2012). “Money attitude-an abridgement”, Researchers World, 3 (3): PP 94 -98.
[38] Tang, Th.Li-Ping. (1995). “The development of a short money ethic scale: Attitudes toward money and pay satisfaction revisited”, Personality and individual differences, 19 (6): PP 809-816.
[39] Tang, Th.Li‐Ping. (1993). “The meaning of money: Extension and exploration of the money ethic scale in a sample of university students in Taiwan”, journal of Organizational Behavior, 14 (1): PP 93-99.
[40] Tang, Th. Li‐Ping. (1992). “The meaning of money revisited: The Development of the Money Ethic Scale”, journal of Organizational Behavior, 13 (2): PP 197-202.
[41] Tatarko, A. and Peter S. (2012). “Social capital and attitudes towards money”, SSRN Electronic Journal, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2011044.
[42] Tung, R. L., and Chris B. (2009). “Comparing the attitudes toward money, material possessions and savings of overseas Chinese vis-à-vis Chinese in China: convergence, divergence or cross-vergence, vis-à-vis ‘one size fits all’human resource management policies and practices”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20 (11): PP 2382-2401.
[43] Wernimont, P.F. and Susan F. (1972). “The meaning of money”, journal of Applied Psychology, 56 (3): 218.
[44] Yamauchi, K.T., and Donald J. T. (1982). “The development of a money attitude scale”, Journal of personality assessment, 46 (5): PP 522-528.
[45] Zhao, H. and Scott E. S. (2006). “The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review’, Journal of applied psychology, 91 (2): PP 259- 271.