نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش هنر، دانشکدۀ هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه عطار، مشهد، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه حکمت رضوی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه تعداد زنان سرپرست خانوار درحال‌افزایش است و وفاق عمومی آن است تا از آنان حمایت شود. هدف این پژوهش پدیدارنگاری واکاوی تجربۀ حمایت‌های اجتماعی از آنان است. با ۲۱ زن سرپرست خانوار شهر مشهد در سال ۱۴۰۰ مصاحبه‌ای نیمه‌ساختارمند انجام گرفت. سپس داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA تحلیل شدند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که حمایت‌هایی که از زنان سرپرست خانوار انجام می‌شود از سه منبع خانواده، دوستان و سازمان‌های دولتی صورت می‌گیرد. حمایت‌های خانواده غالباً عاطفی و اقتصادی است. دوستان و آشنایان به حمایت‌های عاطفی، اقتصادی و ابزاری می‌پردازند و نهادها و سازمان‌های دولتی اولویت خود را در حمایت و پشتیبانی مالی قرار می‌دهند. اما چنانچه این حمایت‌ها که اغلب در قالب وام‌های کم‌بهره است با سیاست‌های فقرزدایی همراه نشود، به بازتولید فقر دامن می‌زند. زنان بیوه ابتدا نیازمند حمایت عاطفی و به مرور نیازهای مالی، ابزاری و اطلاعاتی هستند. زنان مطلقه نخست به حمایت عاطفی نیازمندند و سپس نیاز اقتصادی دارند. زنان مجرد نیز به استقلال مالی، ابزاری، اطلاعاتی و عاطفی نیاز دارند. فضای زیستۀ همگی این زنان بر بی‌اعتمادی به‌ویژه به مردان بنا شده است؛ بنابراین همنوایی و کناره‌جویی، محورهای اصلی پیوندهای اجتماعی آنان است. نتایج نشان داد زنان سرپرست خانوار با چالش‌های متعددی در زیست خانوادگی و اجتماعی خود مواجه هستند که نیازمند حمایت‌اند. بااین‌حال نحوۀ ارائۀ این حمایت‌ها نیازمند توجه سیاست‌گذاران برای کاهش آسیب‌های اجتماعی و ممانعت از تبدیل‌شدن آن به یک مسئلۀ اجتماعی برای آنان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomengraphy of Perceived Social Support in Women Heads of Households

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Tabrizi 1
  • Golamreza Tabrizikahou 2
  • Maliheh Boroumand Mahmoudabadi 3

1 Master of Art research, Faculty of Art, University of Tarbiat modares, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Attar, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Master of of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Hekmat Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

As the percentage of women assuming the role of household leaders rises, there is a prevailing consensus to lend them support. Determining their experience of social support phenomenologically is the objective of the present study. The investigation utilized the phenomenological method. In 1400, twenty-one female heads of household in Mashhad participated in semi-structured interviews; the resulting data were subsequently analyzed using MAXQDA software. Three entities provide assistance to female heads of household: family, friends, and governmental organizations. Often, family support is both financial and emotional. Companionship and friends offer practical, financial, and emotional assistance, while governmental bodies and organizations prioritize monetary support. However, these assistance programs—consisting primarily of low-interest loans—will contribute to the perpetuation of poverty if not accompanied by policies that target and alleviate poverty. Widows initially require emotional support before progressing to requiring financial, material, and informational resources. Following financial support, divorced women require emotional support. Financial, informational, instrumental, and emotional autonomy are all essential for single women. Because mistrust, particularly towards men, constitutes the foundation of each of these women's living space, conformity and aloofness serve as the primary tenets of their social connections. The findings revealed that female heads of household encounter numerous obstacles in their personal and social spheres, necessitating assistance. Nevertheless, policymakers must be concerned with the manner in which these supports are delivered in order to prevent it from becoming a "social issue" and to mitigate social harm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Female Heads of the Household
  • Perception
  • Phenomenography
  • Social Support
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