نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی چگونگی اثرگذاری تقاطع هویت‌های جنسیت و قومیت، بر وضعیت نابرابری درآمدی در ایران است. بدین‌منظور از داده‌های پیمایش ملی مصرف کالاهای فرهنگی (پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات) سال 1398 و طرح هزینه و درآمد خانوارها (مرکز آمار) طی سال‌های 1395 تا 1399 استفاده می‌شود. براساس نتایج رگرسیون‌های چندکی و حداقل مربعات معمولی، شکاف جنسیتی درآمد در همۀ صدک‌ها و همۀ اقوام مشاهده می‌شود. بدین معنا که درآمد زنان، کمتر از مردان است. علاوه‌براین، متغیر مربوط به تقاطع هویت‌های جنسیت (زن‌بودن) و قومیت (غیرفارس‌بودن) برای صدک‌های کم‌درآمد و پردرآمد، معنادار و با علامت منفی برآورد شده است؛ بدین معنا که هویت قومی غیرفارس، موجب افزایش در اندازۀ شکاف جنسیتی درآمد می‌شود (زن غیرفارس نسبت به زن فارس وضعیت بدتری از شکاف جنسیتی درآمد را تجربه می‌کند). نتایج نشان می‌دهد بیشترین شکاف جنسیتی درآمد متعلق به زنان طبقات کم‌درآمد و کمترین شکاف جنسیتی درآمد، متعلق به زنان طبقات میانی است. نتایج بر اهمیت توجه به رویکرد درهم‌تنیدگی هویت‌ها در هنگام تدوین سیاست‌ها تأکید می‌کند. این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد سیاست‌هایی که به‌منظور مقابله با شکاف جنسیتی درآمد در جامعه اعمال می‌شوند، اگر هم‌زمان به تنوع هویت‌های قومی موجود در کشور توجه نداشته باشند، سیاست‌های مؤثری نخواهند بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pedram Mohammad Hassan 1
  • Ali Reza Oryoie 2

1 MSc Student, Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study investigates the impact of the intersection of gender and ethnicity on income inequality in Iran. We use data from two sources: the National Survey of the Consumption of Cultural Goods (2019) collected by the Research Center for Culture, Art and Communication, and the Household Expenditure and Income Surveys (HEIS) collected by the Statistical Center of Iran between 2016 and 2020. Our findings, based on Ordinary Least Squares and Quantile Regressions, reveal a persistent gender income gap across all income percentiles and ethnicities, with women consistently earning less than men. Furthermore, the interaction term between gender (being female) and ethnicity (being non-Fars) is significant and negative for both low and high-income groups. This suggests that being non-Fars exacerbates the gender income gap for women (non-Fars women face a significantly wider gender income gap when compared to Fars women). Additionally, regardless of ethnicity, the gender income gap is the largest for women in the lowest income percentiles and smallest in the middle percentiles. Our results highlight the importance of considering the concept of Intersectionality when formulating policies. Policies aimed solely at reducing the gender income gap might be ineffective unless they acknowledge the diversity of ethnicities within a society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethnicity
  • Gender
  • Income Inequality
  • Intersectionality
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