نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی
2 دبیر آموزش و پرورش
3 هیات علمی دانشگاه جهرم
چکیده
هدف از تحقیق حاضر، تدوین الگوی توسعه کسب و کارهای ورزشی زنان در استان تهران بود. این پژوهش از نوع مطالعات کیفی بود که با استفاده از تکنیک نظریة برخاسته از داده ها انجام گرفـت. جامعـة پـژوهش را کلیـة نخبگان و متخصیص حوزه اشتغال، کارآفرینی و کسب و کارهای ورزشی تشکیل داد که تعداد 18 نفر از آنها با اسـتفاده از روش نمونـه گیـری نظـری و گلولـه‌برفـی انتخـاب شـدند. ابـزار جمـع آوری داده هـا، مصـاحبه هـای نیمه ساختاریافته بود که تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. در الگوی نهایی تحقیق که بر اساس کدگذاری و تحلیل داده ها شکل گرفت، عوامل عِلی (نیاز به خودشکوفایی، چشم انداز روشن، توسعه بهره وری زنان، درآمدزایی، تناسب کسب و کارهای ورزشی و نیل به استانداردها) لزوم توجه به پدیده محوری که خوداشتغالی و بهبود فضای کسب و کار است را نشان داده و راهبردهای خوداشتغالی و بهبود فضای کسب و کار (سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی، آموزش کارآفرینی، حمایت قانونی، تشویق کارآفرینی، ترویج کارآفرینی و توسعه اکوسیستم کارآفرینی) با لحاظ عوامل مداخله‌گر (موانع حقوقی- قانونی، کسب و کار نامناسب، حمایت مالی ناکافی، حمایت ناکافی از کارآفرینی) و زمینه های موجود(محدودیت های فرهنگی، محدودیت های اجتماعی، محدودیت های فردی، مشارکت ورزشی ناکافی، نیروی انسانی مستعد و مزیت پایتخت) پیامدها (توسعه احتماعی، توسعه اقتصادی، مشارکت ورزشی زنان، ارتقا عملکرد ورزش زنان و تندرستی زنان) را در پی خواهد داشت. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند به عنوان الگویی برای اقدامات و برنامه های توسعه مشاغل ورزشی زنان مورد استفاده سیاستگذاران، برنامه ریزان و مدیران ورزشی قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Designing a sport business development model for women in Tehran province
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad hossein Ghorbani 1
- Abdulazim Jokar 2
- Hamid Reza Safari 3
1 Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
2 teacher, Ministry of Education, Tehran
3 JAHROM UNIVERSITY
چکیده [English]
objective: Sport is an important element in developing and improving conditions in any country. People have a high desire for sports, and this pull towards sports leads to spending money and time on sports services and goods. This issue expresses the important point that high values are related to sports and this is a great driver for entrepreneurship and business development in this industry. One of the most important criteria for evaluating the development of a country is the importance and credibility of women. In more advanced and developed societies, the presence of women in various fields of activity is more effective and more prominent, and this presence will have an effect on the process of development and increase the quantity and quality of the human resources of the society. Many researchers have emphasized the role of women in development and believe that without the participation of women, the road to development will not be smooth. The experience of recent decades in developing countries shows that increasing investment in human resources, especially in women's education, provides the necessary grounds for achieving higher economic growth and greater social welfare. On the other hand, it has been several decades since the view of development programs and business strategies has changed according to the status of women, and the role of women as half of the country's population cannot be ignored in development programs. This in sports, as one of the indicators of development and its manifestation at the community level, can be an effective step in the development and policies of a city. Therefore, the current research aimed to develop a model for developing women's sports businesses in Tehran province.
Research Method: This research was a qualitative study that was conducted using the grounded theory technique. The participants were all elites and specialists in the fields of employment, entrepreneurship, and sports businesses, 18 of whom were selected using the theoretical and snowball sampling method. The data collection tool included semi-structured interviews that continued until theoretical saturation was reached. To design the development model of sports businesses for women in Tehran province, a qualitative study according to Strauss and Corbin's model was used. In this regard, the causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies, and results of the development of sports businesses for women were investigated. The qualitative research data was analyzed through the coding process. The stages of data analysis are done through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding (choosing a central category as the main category and specifying the relationship between each of the central categories) and by presenting a logical paradigm.
Results: After writing the text of all the interviews, 973 initial codes were created. Since a significant number of these codes were similar and were repeated in different interviews, 132 initial independent codes were created in the coding stage. The points that have been repeated and noticed the most in these codes were self-employment and the need to improve the business environment to start and develop women's sports businesses. These topics were considered by the interviewees from different dimensions in the interviews and paying attention to these factors has been considered as the Achilles heel of the growth and development of women's sports businesses. Given this, "self-employment and business environment" was considered as the central phenomenon of this research model. Out of the 132 codes extracted, 32 codes were related to causal factors, 28 were contextual codes, 23 were intervention codes, 27 were strategy codes, and 23 codes were related to the consequences of women's self-employment and starting sports businesses. In the final model of the research, which was formed based on data coding and analysis, causal factors (need for self-actualization, clear vision, development of women's productivity, income generation, appropriateness of sports businesses, and achieving standards), showed the need to pay attention to the central phenomenon (self-employment and improvement of the business environment). Also, the strategies of self-employment and improving the business environment of women's sports (policy-making and planning, entrepreneurship education, legal support, encouragement of entrepreneurship, promotion of entrepreneurship, and development of the entrepreneurship ecosystem), considering the intervening factors (legal obstacles, inappropriate business, insufficient financial support, insufficient support for entrepreneurship) and existing contexts (cultural limitations, social limitations, individual limitations, insufficient sports participation, talented human resources and the advantage of the capital city) will have some consequences (sustainable development, economic development, women's sports participation, promotion of women's sports performance and women's health).
Conclusion: According to the results of the current research, the five functions of social development, economic development, women's sports participation, promotion of women's sports performance, and women's well-being will be among the achievements of business development. Social development of the city of Tehran, development of the brand and national and global status of the city of Tehran, improvement of citizenship behavior, and promotion of gender equality inside and outside the country are among the achievements that ultimately lead to social development. On the other hand, reduction of health and treatment costs, reduction of women's unemployment rate, prosperity of other businesses related to sports, increase of gross national product, reduction of government entrepreneurship, and development of competition and dynamism of sports businesses are among the results which leads to economic development. In addition to the two achievements of social and economic development, increasing women's participation in sports and subsequently improving women's health are also some of the advantages of developing sports businesses for women. Creating more prosperity in society, increasing the vitality and mental health of women, increasing the physical fitness and health of women, increasing the satisfaction of citizens, and reducing obesity, overweight, and physical abnormalities are among the achievements related to women's health. Finally, the development of sports businesses increases the number of sports champions and talents, develops sports skills and capabilities, increases the quality and quantity of women's sports infrastructure, accelerates the production of domestic products, and helps the professionalization of women's sports which all of these, can be seen that ultimately leads to the improvement of women's sports performance. The results of this research can be used by policymakers, planners, and sports managers as a model for women's sports business development plans and measures.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Development
- Grounded Theory
- Sport business
- Sport jobs
- Women
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